纳米硅酸盐与芳纶微米短纤维共补强HNBR复合材料的结构与性能

采用原位改性针状硅酸盐(FS)和芳纶短切纤维(DCAF)与氢化丁腈橡胶(HNBR)机械共混制备HNBR/DCAF/FS复合材料,研究DCAF用量、长度和FS用量对复合材料结构与性能的影响.结果表明,加入DCAF能显著提高复合材料小应变下的定伸应力和压缩模量,增大DCAF长度和用量有利于改善复合材料的拉伸性能及其各向异性;加入FS能明显改善复合材料的拉伸应力-应变特性,提高复合材料的压缩模量.     

高性能芳纶浆粕/HNBR复合材料的制备及性能研究

试验研究预处理方法对芳纶浆粕在橡胶基体中分散性及芳纶浆粕／HNBR复合材料性能的影响。结果表明，芳纶浆粕预处理改善了其在复合材料中的分散效果；白炭黑预处理复合材料的定伸应力和拉伸强度提高，拉断伸长率减小，高温下物理性能稍有改善；共沉法预处理改善效果不明显；白炭黑预处理芳纶浆粕用量增大，混炼时间不变，复合材料物理性能提高，但高温下撕裂强度减小；芳纶浆粕／HNBR复合材料中，芳纶浆粕容易取向；芳纶浆粕用量增大，复合材料挤出性能改善。     

改性针状硅酸盐补强SBR的机理研究

研究采用过氧化物硫化体系时几种硅烷偶联剂改性针状硅酸盐（FS）／SBR复合材料的物理性能，并详细探讨硅烷偶联剂改性FS补强SBR的机理。结果表明，采用过氧化物硫化体系，硅烷偶联剂KH-570改性FS补强SBR效果较好；硅烷偶联剂一端含有的烷氧基可以与FS表面的活泼羟基反应形成Si-O-Si，另一端含有的有机官能团可以与SBR大分子发生缠绕或反应，提高FS与SBR间的界面结合作用，同时改善FS在SBR基体中的分散性，因此硅烷偶联剂改性FS对SBR的补强性能优良。     

氢化丁腈橡胶/丁腈橡胶耐热密封复合材料的性能研究

研究炭黑、白炭黑、碳酸钙和陶土对氢化丁腈橡胶（HNBR）/丁腈橡胶（NBR）耐热密封复合材料的硫化特性、物理性能、耐热空气老化性能和耐油性能的影响。结果表明：白炭黑补强并用胶的耐热空气老化性能和耐油性能较好,但压缩永久变形大;陶土和碳酸钙补强并用胶的各项性能均较差;炭黑N220补强并用胶的物理性能较好,压缩永久变形小,更适合作为制备HNBR/NBR耐热密封材料的补强填料;炭黑N220和N330在并用胶中分散均匀,而炭黑N770分散不均匀,粒子聚集体较多。     

硅酸盐纳米纤维/氢化丁腈橡胶复合材料的性能

研究了热处理时间、偶联剂类型及用量和针状硅酸盐(FS)对硅酸盐纳米纤维/氢化丁腈橡胶(HNBR)复合材料性能的影响。结果表明,微米颗粒的FS在HNBR中能够被解离成纳米纤维,并具有优良的增强效果。FS/HNBR复合材料具有短纤维增强橡胶复合材料的应力-应变特性和各向异性,硅烷偶联剂的加入和热处理能够提高复合材料的力学性能。热处理10min、FS用量为50质量份、偶联剂选用KH-570且其用量为2质量份时复合材料的力学性能较好。     

针状硅酸盐/SBR复合材料的性能研究

对凹凸棒石进行表面改性得到预处理凹凸棒石（PAT），研究PAT／SBR复合材料的加工性能、物理性能及动态力学性能等。结果表明，PAT用量增大，PAT／SBR复合材料的门尼粘度先升后降，t10和t90缩短，邵尔A型硬度、定伸应力和拉伸强度提高，耐磨性能下降，压缩疲劳温升、永久变形和损耗因子tanδ值增大；PAT和预处理白炭黑（PWCB）用量相同时，PAT／SBR复合材料的门尼粘度、压缩疲劳温升和tanδ值小于、静压缩率和初动压缩率大于PWCB／SBR复合材料。     

硅烷偶联剂TPTS和表面活性剂PEG-400协同改性白炭黑/天然橡胶复合材料的制备及性能研究

使用酰基硫代烷基三烷氧基硅烷（TPTS）和表面活性剂PEG-400（简称PEG-400）协同改性白炭黑,通过乳液复合法制备白炭黑/天然橡胶（NR）复合材料,研究TPTS与PEG-400的配比对复合材料性能的影响。结果表明：与未改性的复合材料相比,改性后的复合材料硫化速率提高,白炭黑自聚集现象减弱,加工性能改善,物理性能提高;当TPTS/PEG-400质量比为6/2时,改性白炭黑对NR的补强效果最为理想,复合材料的拉伸强度提高33.6%,300%定伸应力提高47.4%;在TPTS与PEG-400总用量恒定的情况下,随着PEG-400用量的增大,复合材料的滚动阻力呈降低趋势,但抗湿滑性能也会有所下降,通过TPTS和PEF-400的协同改性可以使复合材料在抗湿滑性能和滚动阻力间取得合适的平衡点。     

热空气老化对补强氢化丁腈橡胶性能的影响

研究不同补强剂补强氢化丁腈橡胶（HNBR）在热空气老化过程中的物理性能和动态力学性能变化。结果表明：当补强剂用量均为30份时,甲基丙烯酸镁(MDMA)补强的HNBR硫化胶综合物理性能最好,甲基丙烯酸锌（ZDMA）补强的硫化胶次之,炭黑和白炭黑补强的硫化胶较差;ZDMA和MDMA补强的硫化胶耐老化性能较好;热空气老化后,不同补强剂补强的HNBR硫化胶的损耗因子峰值均有所降低,且老化时间越长,降低幅度越大;炭黑补强的HNBR硫化胶抗湿滑性能最佳,MDMA补强的硫化胶滚动阻力最低。     

原位生成ZDMA补强HNBR性能的研究

对氧化锌和甲基丙烯酸（MAA）发生中和反应原位生成甲基丙烯酸锌（ZDMA）补强氢化丁腈橡胶（HNBR）进行研究。结果表明，原位生成ZDMA对HNBR具有良好的补强作用；硫化剂DCP用量和ZDMA生成量增大，硫化胶的总交联密度和离子键交联密度均增大；氧化锌／MAA摩尔比为0．8、ZDMA理论生成量为30份、硫化荆DCP用量为4份时，硫化胶的综合物理性能较好。     

改性纳米氮化硅/EPDM复合材料的制备与性能研究

分别采用液体聚丁二烯接枝甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯(LMPB-g-GMA)和无规聚丙烯接枝马来酸酐(APP-gMAH)对纳米氮化硅进行改性,制备改性纳米氮化硅/EPDM复合材料,并对复合材料的性能进行研究.结果表明:改性纳米氮化硅对EPDM具有良好的补强作用;随着改性纳米氮化硅用量的增大,复合材料邵尔A型硬度变化不大,定伸应力、拉伸强度和撕裂强度总体呈先增大后减小的趋势; LMPB-g-GMA改性纳米氮化硅/EPDM复合材料的拉伸性能和压缩永久变形优于APP-g-MAH改性纳米氮化硅/EPDM复合材料,但耐热空气老化性能略差.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。