重量法研究大豆水分吸附速率和有效扩散系数

在5种温度（10³5℃）、3个湿度（RH 65%、86%及100%）组合环境中,以称重法测定了初始低水分（4.33%⁵.85%）、正常水分（11.74%¹2.65%）、高水分（17.58%¹7.89%）两个大豆品种\     

Gas-phase formaldehyde adsorption isotherm studies on activated carbon: correlations of adsorption capacity to surface functional group density

Formaldehyde (HCHO) adsorption isotherms were developed for the first time on three activated carbons representing one activated carbon fiber (ACF) cloth, one all-purpose granular activated carbon (GAC), and one GAC commercially promoted for gas-phase HCHO removal. The three activated carbons were evaluated for HCHO removal in the low-ppm(v) range and for water vapor adsorption from relative pressures of 0.1-0.9 at 26 °C where, according to the IUPAC isotherm classification system, the adsorption isotherms observed exhibited Type V behavior. A Type V adsorption isotherm model recently proposed by Qi and LeVan (Q-L) was selected to model the observed adsorption behavior because it reduces to a finite, nonzero limit at low partial pressures and it describes the entire range of adsorption considered in this study. The Q-L model was applied to a polar organic adsorbate to fit HCHO adsorption isotherms for the three activated carbons. The physical and chemical characteristics of the activated carbon surfaces were characterized using nitrogen adsorption isotherms, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and Boehm titrations. At low concentrations, HCHO adsorption capacity was most strongly related to the density of basic surface functional groups (SFGs), while water vapor adsorption was most strongly influenced by the density of acidic SFGs.     

腰果蛋白的功能特性研究及其氨基酸组成分析

采用碱提法最优条件提取并酸沉得到腰果蛋白,研究了p H和温度对腰果蛋白的溶解性、起泡性及起泡稳定性、乳化性及乳化稳定性、持油性等功能特性的影响,并分析了腰果蛋白的氨基酸组成。结果表明:腰果蛋白的溶解性随p H的增加呈先降低后升高的趋势,在p H4附近溶解度最低,仅为15.90%。起泡性和乳化性随p H的变化曲线与溶解度曲线一致,在p H10时起泡性和乳化性最好,分别为13.92%、24.70 m2/g。腰果蛋白的起泡稳定性随p H的增加而逐渐增加,在p H8时达到最大为9.42%,而后趋于稳定。在碱性环境中,腰果蛋白会表现出较好的乳化稳定性,并且在80℃时其持油性最佳,为2.84 g/g。氨基酸分析表明,腰果蛋白中含有17种氨基酸,其中7种是人体必需氨基酸,含量皆高于FAO/WHO/UNO成人推荐标准,赖氨酸为第一限制性氨基酸,谷氨酸和精氨酸含量最高,分别为22.46%和9.02%。     

腰果蛋白的功能特性研究及其氨基酸组成分析

采用碱提法最优条件提取并酸沉得到腰果蛋白,研究了p H和温度对腰果蛋白的溶解性、起泡性及起泡稳定性、乳化性及乳化稳定性、持油性等功能特性的影响,并分析了腰果蛋白的氨基酸组成。结果表明:腰果蛋白的溶解性随p H的增加呈先降低后升高的趋势,在p H4附近溶解度最低,仅为15.90%。起泡性和乳化性随p H的变化曲线与溶解度曲线一致,在p H10时起泡性和乳化性最好,分别为13.92%、24.70 m2/g。腰果蛋白的起泡稳定性随p H的增加而逐渐增加,在p H8时达到最大为9.42%,而后趋于稳定。在碱性环境中,腰果蛋白会表现出较好的乳化稳定性,并且在80℃时其持油性最佳,为2.84 g/g。氨基酸分析表明,腰果蛋白中含有17种氨基酸,其中7种是人体必需氨基酸,含量皆高于FAO/WHO/UNO成人推荐标准,赖氨酸为第一限制性氨基酸,谷氨酸和精氨酸含量最高,分别为22.46%和9.02%。      

大米淀粉解吸等温线与吸附等温线的拟合模型研究

根据吸附原理,在环境温度25℃下,水分活度0.11~0.90范围内,采用重量法对大米淀粉的吸附/解吸等温线进行测定。用7个非线性回归方程对吸附及解吸等温线进行描述,以决定系数(R2)、残差平方和(RSS)、平均相对误差(MRD)和均方根误差(RMSE)为评价指标,确定最佳拟合模型及其参数。结果表明,根据国际理论和应用化学联合会(IUPAC)的分类,大米淀粉的吸附和解吸等温线都属于第Ⅱ种类型,在实验水分活度范围内等温线存在一个明显的滞后现象,该滞后现象属于H3型。Henderson模型、Oswin模型、GAB模型均适合描述大米淀粉的吸湿等温线,其中GAB模型为最佳模型。GAB拟合解吸等温线的参数X0、C、K分别为0.0800、36.43、0.7646,拟合吸附等温线的参数分别为0.0743、26.87、0.7842。      

Anthocyanin-rich sweet potato lacto-pickle: production, nutritional and proximate composition

Anthocyanin pigment-rich sweet potato (SP) cubes were pickled by lactic fermentation by brining the cut and blanched cubes in common salt (NaCl, 2–10%) solution. They were then inoculated with a strain of Lactobacillus plantarum (MTCC 1407) and incubated for 28 days. Treatment with 8–10% brine solution was found to be organoleptically most acceptable. The final product with 8% and 10% brine solutions had a pH (2.5–2.8), titratable acidity (TA) (1.5–1.7 g kg⁻¹), lactic acid (LA) (1.0–1.3 g kg⁻¹), starch (56–58 g kg⁻¹) and anthocyanin content (390 mg kg⁻¹) on fresh weight basis. Sensory evaluation rated the anthocyanin-rich SP lacto-pickle acceptable based on texture, taste, aroma, flavour and after taste. Principal component analyses reduced the eleven original analytical and proximate variables (pH, TA, LA, starch, total sugar, anthocyanin, organic mater, ash, fat, protein and calories) to three independent components (factors), which accounted for 91% of the total variations.     

Physicochemical and functional properties of full fat and defatted cashew kernel flours

Full fat and defatted cashew kernel flours were prepared and analysed for their physicochemical and functional properties. There were significant increase in protein and carbohydrate contents of the flour as a result of defatting. The defatted flour possessed higher Ca, P, Na and K contents. It had improved gel strength, foaming and emulsion properties. Foam capacity for the full fat and defatted flours increased from 42% to 50% and 55% to 57% with increased NaCl concentration up to 0.25 and 0.05  m , respectively. The foam capacity and stability of the flours were also pH dependent. The emulsion activity and stability of both flours decreased with increasing NaCl concentration. Minimum and maximum protein solubility were at pH 4 and 8, respectively for the full fat and defatted flours. These results suggest that defatted cashew flour may have potential application as a functional ingredient and as a supplement in foods.     

水分对再制干酪功能性的影响

利用质构仪,流变仪,扫描电镜分析水分对再制干酪产品功能特性的影响,揭示了水分在再制干酪生产过程中的重要作用.结果表明,水分对再制干酪的融化性和表观黏度均有显著的影响(P＜0.05);而水分对干酪物性中的硬度、黏着性、咀嚼性有相似的影响;水分对酪蛋白的乳化作用的影响体现在干酪中脂肪球的大小和数量上,在一定范围内水分增加酪蛋白乳化作用越好.     

Effect of moisture content on mechanical properties of rice kernels under quasi-static compressive loading

Quasi-static compressive tests to determine the static mechanical properties of individual rice kernals were carried out on specimens tested uniaxially along the longitudinal axis. Apparent elastic modulus, failure stress, failure strain and energy density at failure were determined at five or six different moisture content levels ranging from 5% to 30% on dry basis (db). Compression speeds of 5 mm min⁻¹ and 10 mm min⁻¹ were used.Statistical analysis of the test results showed that moisture content had profound influence on the properties examined, especially in the range of 12% db to 18% db where quite drastic changes occur. An explanation in terms of bound water and free water in the kernel is given.     

Studies on moisture transmission properties of PV-blended fabrics

Moisture transmission properties are most important for fabric comfort. We have studied the moisture transmission properties of the plain-woven fabric produced with polyester–viscose-(PV) blended yarns. PV-blended yarns of varying blend proportion, yarn count and twist levels have been used for fabric manufacture. A three-variable Box and Behnken factorial design technique has been used to study the interaction effects of the above variables on the aforesaid characteristics of fabrics. The interactive effect of these three variables on the air permeability, water vapour permeability, in-plane wicking and vertical wicking of PV-blended fabrics has been studied and the response surface equations for all the properties have been derived; also, the design variables have been optimized for all the moisture transmission-related properties. Most of the moisture transmission characteristics were found to be affected significantly by blend proportion, count and twist levels at 95% level of significance with the present variables.     

左旋肉碱的制备、功能及其应用

主要介绍了左旋肉碱的制备方法、功能特性以及产品应用的现状,并对其开发前景进行了概述.     

左旋肉碱的制备、功能及其应用

主要介绍了左旋肉碱的制备方法、功能特性以及产品应用的现状,并对其开发前景进行了概述.     

核桃蛋白质的组成、制备及功能特性研究进展

在关于核桃蛋白质研究的文献统计分析基础上,综述了核桃蛋白质的研究现状,主要包括核桃蛋白质的亚基组成、氨基酸比例及其营养价值,核桃脱脂粉、核桃浓缩蛋白、核桃分离蛋白的产品特点及其制备方法,核桃蛋白质的溶解性、乳化性、起泡性等功能特性,以及影响这些功能特性的因素,超高压处理等改性方法对提高核桃蛋白质的功能特性的研究。最后对核桃蛋白质研究现状中存在的问题做了总结,并对今后应该重点研究的方向进行了展望。     

Lupinus angustifolius protein isolates: chemical composition,functional properties and protein characterization

Two types of protein isolates were prepared from Lupinus angustifolius defatted flour by alkaline extraction, with (Isolate B) and without (Isolate A) sodium sulphite, and acid precipitation of proteins at the isoelectric point (IEP 4.3). Chemical composition, main functional properties and protein composition of L. angustifolius defatted flour and protein isolates were determined. Isolate A and B have 93.9 and 84.6% protein content, respectively, and had a balanced composition of essential amino acids, with respect to the FAO pattern except for lysine. The in vitro protein digestibility ranged between 86.3 and 93.9% for isolate A and B, respectively.     

Studies on preparation,popping and functional properties of bulgur wheat

Wheat was steeped to 36% moisture and agitated for 2 min in sand heated to 170 °C. This dry heat bulgur was comparable to bulgur prepared by steam treatment. The dry heat bulgur of 14% moisture content was popped in hot (230 °C) sand medium. The expansion ratio of popped bulgur was 2.1. Some of the functional properties of popped bulgur flour were compared with native, 48 h malted and roller dried wheat flours. Water absorption index was highest for roller dried followed by popped and malted wheat, whereas water solubility index was highest for malted followed by roller dried and popped wheat. Roller dried wheat exhibited higher cold paste viscosity (360 BU) than popped (30 BU) wheat. Popped wheat had a peak viscosity of 300 BU. The viscogram of malted wheat was typical of cereal flours when the enzyme activity of malt was inhibited. The gel permeation chromatograms of popped and roller dried wheat indicated thermal degradation of starch during popping and roller drying. The in vitro carbohydrate digestibility of popped wheat was higher than roller dried and malted samples. The scanning electron microscopic examination of native and popped bulgur revealed that the endosperm of bulgur wheat was a homogenous mass containing gelatinized starch whereas that of popped bulgur was made up of thin layers of popped starch with irregular air spaces.     

Chemical composition,functional properties,and bioactivities of rapeseed protein isolates

In order to utilize rapeseed protein from oil industry waste for food applications, rapeseeds were pretreated to remove the oil using hexane. Two protein isolates were prepared, one by precipitation at controlled pH and the other by ultrafiltration. The precipitated and ultrafiltered protein isolates, respectively, contained 70.8% and 98.7% protein. The ultrafiltered protein isolate had a better emulsification capacity than had whole egg. The ultrafiltered protein isolate had a protein solubility of 52.5–97.2% in the range pH 3–9, whilst the maximum protein solubility of the precipitated protein isolate was 26.4% in the pH range 7–9. There were no significant differences between the precipitated and ultrafiltered protein isolates regarding their angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition are their bile acid-binding capacity. Their bile acid-binding capacity and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition capacities were lower than of those de-oiled soybean. They showed stronger DPPH radical-scavenging activity than did de-oiled soybean.