SUPPRESSING THE COHERENT SPECKLE OF SAR IMAGES WITH WAVELET ANALYSIS

This paper studies Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) images contaminated by the coherent speckle noise with the multiresolution analysis of wavelet transform. This study shows that the influences of the speckle on different frequency components of the SAR image are different, and that the SAR image and the speckle have different manners of singularity. So, this paper presents a denoising method of wavelet analysis to reduce the speckle. Some experiments approve that this method not only suppresses the speckle effectively, but also preserves as much target characteristics of the original image as possible. It shows that this denoising method of wavelet analysis offers a very attractive alternative to suppress the coherent speckle noise of the SAR image.     

基于Contourlet域K-L变换的SAR图像相干斑抑制

针对SAR图像相干斑噪声去除问题,提出了一种基于多尺度分解的Contourlet域K-L变换的SAR图像去噪的新方法。方法首先对源图像进行Contourlet分解,在不同频段的子带图像中,利用K-L变换进行能量保持即提出信号的主要特征,用重构图像来进行去噪,最后通过Contourlet逆变换得到去噪之后的图像。在SAR图像上的实验结果表明,方法不仅较好地保持了图像的纹理和细节特征及边缘特征,且信噪比也较高。     

非线性扩散方程在SAR图像噪声抑制中的应用

将光学图像加性噪声抑制的非线性扩散方程引入到SAR图像相干斑抑制中，通过分析SAR图像的相干斑噪声模型在功率图像域以及功率图像的对数域上的表现特性，说明了基于加性噪声模型的非线性扩散方程在SAR图像噪声抑制中的应用可能性，并由此设计了基于非线性扩散方程的SAR图像噪声抑制算法。计算结果表明，与现有的SAR噪声抑制方法相比，非线性扩散方程方法具有更强的对背景区域的噪声抑制能力，且能更好地保持目标特征。     

SAR图像去噪的分数阶多尺度变分PDE模型及自适应算法

在合成孔径雷达(SAR)图像相干斑噪声抑制中,保持图像的边缘和纹理是非常重要的。该文首先利用分数阶导数和负指数Sobolev空间对图像进行建模,建立了分数阶多尺度变分偏微分方程(PDE)模型,然后给出了模型参数自适应选择方法,并在此基础上提出了区域、尺度自适应的去噪算法。数值实验表明,新方法能在去除噪声,抑制图像的 阶梯效应,保持图像的边缘、纹理细节几个方面取得较好的效果。     

抑制SAR图像相干斑的迭代方向滤波算法

为保护SAR图像边缘特征并有效提高对乘性相干斑噪声的抑制性能,该文提出一种基于迭代方向滤波的抑制图像相干斑新算法。该算法先借助高斯-伽马平行窗估计出的比率边缘强度映射(ESM)与方向信息,自适应地控制各向异性高斯核(AGK),生成沿ESM方向分布的具有各向异性支撑区域的局域窗。然后将SAR图像多种局部统计参量联合作为衰减因子,形成与SAR图像区域分布特性相适应的负指数衰减型加权系数,进而将负指数衰减型加权系数与局域窗带方向的各向异性支撑区域结合形成局域加权的方向滤波。最后对SAR图像迭代地进行方向滤波即可实现带边缘保护的相干斑抑制。实验结果表明,与多种抑斑算法相比,该文算法在SAR图像抑斑与边缘保护方面均获得了更好的性能。     

基于几何模型的SAR图像斑点噪声的抑制

斑点噪声的抑制一直是合成孔径雷达(SAR)图像处理的重要研究课题。本文利用几何模型对合成孔径雷达图像进行滤波。通过对几何模型除噪性能进行分析,提出了一个数值计算的改进格式。新的迭代格式能较好地保留图像的边缘、尖点和细节信息。最后对合成孔径雷达图像进行去噪实验,与小波阈值除噪、Lee滤波进行比较具有更好的滤波效果。     

基于斑点方差估计的非下采样Contourlet域SAR图像去噪

 合成孔径雷达(SAR)图像固有的相干斑噪声严重影响图像质量,使得SAR图像的自动解译十分困难.本文联合SAR图像的统计特性和非下采样Contourlet对SAR图像细节信息的良好刻画能力,提出一种新的非下采样Contourlet域SAR图像去噪算法,通过估计到的各个高频方向子带的斑点噪声方差和变换系数模值的局部均值,对非下采样Contourlet变换系数进行判定,保留信号系数,抑制斑点噪声系数,实现SAR图像去噪.仿真实验结果表明,本文方法在斑点抑制的同时可以有效保持细节信息.     

Speckle filtering in polarimetric SAR data based on the subspace decomposition

In this paper, a new approach to speckle filtering of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data is presented. We define a parameter space consisting of two orthogonal subspaces-the signal subspace and the noise subspace. Then, the full polarimetric information from the signal subspace is obtained after speckle filtering. In this way, edges of different kinds of targets are preserved. The effectiveness of this method is demonstrated using the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory airborne L-band polarimetric SAR data.     

基于合成孔径雷达的SAR图像去噪

针对SAR图像相干斑抑制问题.提出一种双变量收缩函数与小波系数显著性增强相结合的SAR图像的斑点抑制算法.文中将双树复小波推广至斑点噪声模型,利用相邻尺度小波系数的联合概率密度函数与噪声的统计模型联立后.通过最大后验概率估计出滤波后图像的小波系数.再采用小波系数的模极大值准则对系数进行显著性增强.突出图像的边缘特征和点特征.仿真实验表明.与其他传统的去噪算法相比.本文提出的算法具有更好的去噪效果.     

SAR speckle reduction using wavelet denoising and Markov random field modeling

The granular appearance of speckle noise in synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imagery makes it very difficult to visually and automatically interpret SAR data. Therefore, speckle reduction is a prerequisite for many SAR image processing tasks. In this paper, we develop a speckle reduction algorithm by fusing the wavelet Bayesian denoising technique with Markov-random-field-based image regularization. Wavelet coefficients are modeled independently and identically by a two-state Gaussian mixture model, while their spatial dependence is characterized by a Markov random field imposed on the hidden state of Gaussian mixtures. The Expectation-Maximization algorithm is used to estimate hyperparameters and specify the mixture model, and the iterated-conditional-modes method is implemented to optimize the state configuration. The noise-free wavelet coefficients are finally estimated by a shrinkage function based on local weighted averaging of the Bayesian estimator. Experimental results show that the proposed method outperforms standard wavelet denoising techniques in terms of the signal-to-noise ratio and the equivalent-number-of-looks measures in most cases. It also achieves better performance than the refined Lee filter.     

利用小波分析来抑制合成孔径雷达图象的相干斑噪声

本文利用小波变换来对合成孔径雷达图象做多分辨率分析,说明了相干斑噪声对图象的不同频率成份的影响程度是不同的,同时也说明了相干斑噪声与图象在小波变换下具有截然不同的奇异性.因此,本文提出了用小波分析来抑制相干斑噪声。实验证明了:小波分析除了能够对相干斑具有很好的抑制效果外,还保留了尽可能多的原图象的目标特征。利用小波分析来抑制相干斑噪声是一个十分吸引人的新方法。     

二进小波增强与边缘局部信息FCM的SAR图像变化检测

合成孔径雷达图像中固有的相干斑噪声往往导致变化检测结果中存在大量虚警与漏警。针对这一问题,本文提出一种利用二进小波增强与边缘局部信息模糊C均值的变化检测方法。首先利用二进小波对对数比差异图进行自适应增强,平抑噪声的同时均衡灰度分布;然后,利用指数加权均值比算子对差异图进行边缘信息提取,修正局部信息模糊C均值算法中邻域窗内像素点权值,使邻域窗滑动至变化区域的边缘部分时能够对噪声切向平抑,保留细节信息。最后对差异图进行分割,得到变化检测结果二值图。仿真与实测数据实验结果表明,本文方法能够有效抑制相干斑噪声,同时对变化区域的细节保持效果较好。      

SAR图像目标综合检测方法

基于SAR(合成孔径雷达)图像杂波结构,结合小波变换和自适应维纳滤波提出了一种新的抑制SAR图像相干斑噪声方法,该方法能够较好保留杂波边缘和点目标.分析了抑制SAR图像相干斑噪声后的多分布特性,研究了相应的SAR目标检测,提出了一种新的SAR图像目标检测方法及其实现.实际SAR图像测试结果表明了本文方法的有效性.     

基于小波域统计建模及显著性修正的SAR图像相干斑抑制

该文提出了一种基于小波域统计建模与小波系数显著性修正相结合的斑点噪声滤波方法。这种方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,对对数变换后的图像进行小波变换并对小波域的高频子带系数用混合高斯模型与隐马尔可夫树模型进行建模,并采用EM算法来估计模型参数。在模型参数估计的基础上;利用贝叶斯最小均方误差准则来估计干净的小波系数。在此基础上引入基于显著性准则的小波系数修正,最后通过小波逆变换与指数变换获得抑制斑点噪声后的图像。用真实SAR图像实验表明,该文提出的方法能够有效地抑制斑点噪声,同时能够很好地保存边缘细节结构与强散射中心。     

用小波变换抑制SAR图像中的斑点噪声

抑制合成孔径雷达图像中的斑点噪声一直是处理图像并得到准确图像信息的难点，提出了一种基于小波变换抑制合成孔径雷达（SAR）图像中的斑点噪声的方法，对原有的小波变换方法作了改进，能更好地保留图像的边缘信息，并能简化计算量。在仿真实验中使用了合成的模拟图像和真实的合成孔径雷图像，并与以往的小波去噪滤波方法以及一些经典的斑点噪声滤波方法（包括中值滤波，Lee滤波，Frost滤波）进行比较，在综合考虑了滤波算法在均匀区域对斑点噪声的抑制能力以及保留边缘信息能力的情况下，提出的算法有更好的效果。     

采用GSM模型进行稀疏表示的SAR图像降斑算法

针对SAR图像降斑过程中会产生过平滑现象及相干斑的滤除不彻底等问题,提出了稀疏结构符合高斯比例混合（Gaussian Scale Mixture,GSM）模型的SAR图像降斑算法。根据贝叶斯原理以及相干斑的统计特性推导该算法的数学模型,在块匹配过程中使用概率而不是欧式距离进行权重衡量,根据图像块之间的结构相似度,可以有效区分同质区与异质区,并得到图像块的较优均值估计。使用PCA字典学习方法对每个图像块进行子字典训练,实现同步稀疏编码（Simultaneous Sparse Coding,SSC）,数学模型的求解利用迭代正则化方法。分别使用合成场景SAR图像及真实场景SAR图像对算法进行验证,实验表明,相比于目前已提出的PPB算法、SAR-BM3D算法及FANS算法,该算法能有效提高等效视数,在滤除相干斑的同时很好地保留了图像的局部结构特性与纹理特征。      

结合ICA相干斑抑制的全极化SAR图像分类

本文提出了一种结合相干斑抑制的全极化 SAR(Synthetic Aperture Radar)图像分类新方法.该方法先对图像数据做Pauli分解,获得三个极化组合通道,并分别用三种颜色表示这三个极化组合;再用独立分量分析稀疏编码(ICA-SCS)算法对各颜色通道进行相干斑抑制,最后把三个颜色通道混合,实现了对图像信息的分类.该方法很好的保留了极化通道间的相对相位信息,同时,相干斑抑制后的数据直接用于图像分类,不需要再做任何极化通道组合.对真实SAR图像的分类结果表明,该方法对分类效果和精度有明显改善.     

Speckle noise removal based on structural convolutional neural networks with feature fusion for medical image

Application of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) for image additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) removal has attracted considerable attentions with the rapid development of deep learning in recent years. However, the work of image multiplicative speckle noise removal is rarely done. Moreover, most of the existing speckle noise removal algorithms are based on traditional methods with human priori knowledge, which means that the parameters of the algorithms need to be set manually. Nowadays, deep learning methods show clear advantages on image feature extraction. Multiplicative speckle noise is very common in real life images, especially in medical images. In this paper, a novel neural network structure is proposed to recover noisy images with speckle noise. Our proposed method mainly consists of three subnetworks. One network is rough clean image estimate subnetwork. Another is subnetwork of noise estimation. The last one is an information fusion network based on U-Net and several convolutional layers. Different from the existing speckle denoising model based on the statistics of images, the proposed network model can handle speckle denoising of different noise levels with an end-to-end trainable model. Extensive experimental results on several test datasets clearly demonstrate the superior performance of our proposed network over state-of-the-arts in terms of quantitative metrics and visual quality.     

基于低秩矩阵恢复的SAR图像相干斑抑制方法

针对合成孔径雷达(SAR)图像相干斑噪声的特点,提出了一种基于低秩矩阵恢复的SAR图像相干斑抑制算法。该算法首先对SAR图像进行对数变换,将SAR图像相干斑乘性噪声转化为加性噪声;然后对变换后图像等步长遍历提取图像子参考块,利用局部块匹配技术寻找子参考块的相似块组建相似子集,合并数据集中所有相似子集,构建近似低秩的矩阵;再通过低秩矩阵恢复算法将矩阵分解为低秩矩阵部分和稀疏矩阵部分;最后将低秩矩阵部分逆变换回图像块,基于图像块灰度值对图像的每个像素进行加权重构,生成相干斑抑制后的SAR图像。实验表明,文中所提出的算法能够有效抑制SAR图像中的相干斑噪声,同时很好地保留了边缘细节特征。     

Restoration of speckle noise corrupted SAR images using regularization by denoising

Speckle noise removal is a well-established problem in synthetic aperture radar (SAR) image processing. Among different methods focused on the reconstruction of SAR images, variational models have achieved state-of-the-art performance. In this paper, a Rayleigh based speckle reduction algorithm is developed using the variational framework. The forward model is combined with recently proposed regularization by denoising (RED) prior. However, RED has been proposed in literature for the additive noise model. Multiplicative noise in SAR images prevents the direct application of RED to variational models. Hence, logarithm transformation is applied to change the multiplicative noise model to additive model, and the forward model from Rayleigh to Fisher–Tippett distribution. The resulting optimization problem is solved using the alternating direction method of multipliers. Further, the proof of the convergence analysis is carried out for the above framework. Simulations convey that the proposed method has better despeckling performance compared to that of state-of-the-art methods.