纯棉织物阻燃整理的工艺优化

以磷酸三甲苯酯(TCP)及水性聚氨酯(PU)为原料制备阻燃剂,用于纯棉织物的阻燃整理,探讨了阻燃剂覆盖量,阻燃剂与聚氨酯的用量,焙烘温度和时间对阻燃效果的影响。通过正交实验得到的最佳整理工艺为:阻燃剂覆盖量175g/m2,阻燃剂与聚氨酯的比例4∶1,焙烘温度160℃,焙烘时间2min。整理后织物阻燃指标达到了国家标准(GB/T5455-1997)的B1级,具有较好的阻燃效果。     

水性聚氨酯阻燃涂层胶的研制和应用

采用水性聚氨酯(PU)为基料,添加阻燃剂及相关助剂,用特殊制作工艺合成了水性PU阻燃涂层胶.经Zeta电位与TEM测试结果表明,水性PU乳胶对阻燃成分产生了吸附与部分包覆作用,水性PU阻燃涂层胶具有较好的稳定性.通过正交实验探讨了该阻燃胶的优化整理工艺,并按优化工艺在萧山红山涂层厂对产品进行中试,结果表明:整理后织物的阻燃性能及各项指标均能达到较高标准.     

医用防护服材料的研究

根据医用防护服材料所需要的指标要求,对基布、聚氨酯涂层剂、阻燃剂、抗菌剂、拒水剂等进行了选择实验.采用先对基布进行阻燃整理,再经转移涂层将基布与阻燃剂、抗菌聚氨酯复合,最后,再对复合织物进行拒水整理的工艺,制取了具有抗血渗、抗菌、阻燃、防水透湿等多种功能的新型医用防护服材料.     

软质聚氨酯泡沫材料的无卤阻燃研究进展

本文介绍了软质聚氨酯泡沫材料的发展状况和优缺点,针对其易燃的缺陷,从添加型阻燃剂、反应型阻燃剂、附着防火涂层三方面阐述了其无卤阻燃的研究进展,并对其发展前景进行了展望。     

涤纶织物的涂层阻燃整理

以甲基三甲氧基硅烷和聚磷酸铵(APPⅡ)为原料制备硅氧烷包覆聚磷酸铵协同阻燃剂,并通过正交实验确定了磷/硅的最佳配比.将该阻燃剂与水性聚氨酯复合制成环保阻燃涂层剂并用于涤纶织物的阻燃涂层整理,探讨了阻燃剂与水性聚氨酯的配比以及涂层量对织物阻燃性能及其他性能的影响.结果表明,随着阻燃剂与水性聚氨酯配比的增加,织物阻燃效果提高,其强力及静水压下降;当涂层整理的涂层量为20g/m2时,涂层涤纶织物既具有优异的阻燃效果,又能保证织物的手感.通过对比实验表明,该阻燃剂相对APPⅡ而言,能赋予织物优异的阻燃、高强力及防"霜化"等效果.     

无甲醛耐久阻燃剂的制备及应用

制备了一种磷系无甲醛阻燃整理剂,研究了阻燃剂的合成条件,红外分析确认了阻燃剂的结构,研究了阻燃剂应用于棉织物的整理工艺。该阻燃剂与多元羧酸及酸性催化剂构成阻燃整理体系,整理后得到无甲醛耐久阻燃棉织物。对整理织物差热分析结果表明,该阻燃剂可大大降低棉织物的热裂解温度,应用时不需要特殊工艺和设备,阻燃效果具有耐久性,可满足多领域对纺织品的阻燃要求。     

低甲醛耐久阻燃剂的合成及应用

通过对阻燃剂CP的氮羟甲基结构进行醚化改性,并与大分子聚氨酯无醛交联剂复配使用,从阻燃剂低甲醛和交联剂无甲醛两个方面,组成了低甲醛耐久棉织物阻燃体系。考察改性合成中,超声波温度及振荡时间对产物转化率的影响,以及阻燃剂、交联剂、柔软剂质量浓度对阻燃效果的影响。结果显示:使用超声波对反应原料进行活化,当超声温度60℃,超声振荡时间40min时,活化效果佳,反应产率高;优化的整理工艺配方为:阻燃剂300g/L,交联剂45g/L,柔软剂8g/L,整理后织物阻燃效果佳。     

厚重织物泡沫阻燃涂层

采用选择乙烯类聚合物作涂层粘合剂，溴类及氮磷类化合物作阻燃剂，对厚重织物进行泡沫阻燃整理，使厚重织物具有优良的阻燃效果，且不损伤织物强力和手感。本文对该新型泡沫阻燃整理的工艺流程、工艺条件和阻燃效果等进行了介绍。     

水性聚氨酯阻燃剂的研究进展

水性聚氨酯出于其安全无毒、物理性能优异且耐化学腐蚀等优点而应用于各大领域,但由于水性聚氨酯易燃烧导致其应用范围剧减,因此对其进行阻燃改性迫在眉睫.本文阐述了关于水性聚氨酯的分类以及发展现状,对常用的本征型阻燃剂与复合型阻燃剂进行分类介绍,并且重点介绍了这两类阻燃剂对水性聚氨酯改性后的阻燃效果实例及其阻燃机理和优缺点.最...     

无甲醛棉用磷系阻燃剂的合成及应用

利用甲基磷酸二甲酯(DMMP),五氧化二磷和乙二醇、丙三醇的混合物成功合成了一种无甲醛棉用耐久性磷系阻燃剂。研究了阻燃剂的合成条件,红外分析确认了阻燃剂的结构,对阻燃剂的一些性能指标如酸值、含固量、磷含量和粘度等进行了测试,此外还研究了阻燃剂应用于棉织物的整理工艺。该阻燃剂与多元羧酸及酸性催化剂构成阻燃整理体系,整理后得到无甲醛耐久阻燃棉织物。     

磷酸改性芳纶对聚氨酯硬质泡沫阻燃抑烟性能的影响

为提高聚氨酯泡沫的阻燃性能,采用磷酸改性芳纶对聚氨酯硬质泡沫进行阻燃改性,借助氧指数仪、烟密度仪、锥形量热仪、热重分析仪等对改性前后聚氨酯硬质泡沫的阻燃性能、产烟行为、燃烧行为、热稳定性和力学性能进行表征。结果表明:添加改性芳纶的聚氨酯泡沫具有更好的阻燃、抑烟和力学性能;相对于纯聚氨酯泡沫,添加质量分数为5%改性芳纶的聚氨酯泡沫的极限氧指数提高了15.8%,最大烟密度、最大燃烧热释放速率、热释放量、最大生烟速率、产烟量分别降低了25%、25.3%、10%、35.7%、47.3%;改性芳纶的添加有利于改善聚氨酯硬质泡沫的热稳定性,使其在700 ℃时的残炭率增加为14.5%。     

Identification of flame retardants in polyurethane foam collected from baby products

With the phase-out of PentaBDE in 2004, alternative flame retardants are being used in polyurethane foam to meet flammability standards. However, insufficient information is available on the identity of the flame retardants currently in use. Baby products containing polyurethane foam must meet California state furniture flammability standards, which likely affects the use of flame retardants in baby products throughout the U.S. However, it is unclear which products contain flame retardants and at what concentrations. In this study we surveyed baby products containing polyurethane foam to investigate how often flame retardants were used in these products. Information on when the products were purchased and whether they contained a label indicating that the product meets requirements for a California flammability standard were recorded. When possible, we identified the flame retardants being used and their concentrations in the foam. Foam samples collected from 101 commonly used baby products were analyzed. Eighty samples contained an identifiable flame retardant additive, and all but one of these was either chlorinated or brominated. The most common flame retardant detected was tris(1,3-dichloroisopropyl) phosphate (TDCPP; detection frequency 36%), followed by components typically found in the Firemaster550 commercial mixture (detection frequency 17%). Five samples contained PBDE congeners commonly associated with PentaBDE, suggesting products with PentaBDE are still in-use. Two chlorinated organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs) not previously documented in the environment were also identified, one of which is commercially sold as V6 (detection frequency 15%) and contains tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) as an impurity. As an addition to this study, we used a portable X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analyzer to estimate the bromine and chlorine content of the foam and investigate whether XRF is a useful method for predicting the presence of halogenated flame retardant additives in these products. A significant correlation was observed for bromine; however, there was no significant relationship observed for chlorine. To the authors knowledge, this is the first study to report on flame retardants in baby products. In addition, we have identified two chlorinated OPFRs not previously documented in the environment or in consumer products. Based on exposure estimates conducted by the Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC), we predict that infants may receive greater exposure to TDCPP from these products compared to the average child or adult from upholstered furniture, all of which are higher than acceptable daily intake levels of TDCPP set by the CPSC. Future studies are therefore warranted to specifically measure infants exposure to these flame retardants from intimate contact with these products and to determine if there are any associated health concerns.     

废旧聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯纤维醇解制备阻燃水性聚氨酯及其应用

为解决废旧聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)纺织品日益增多,造成巨大的能源和资源浪费问题,采用醇解法对PET纤维进行解聚,优化其解聚工艺;并以醇解产物为原料合成磷硅协同阻燃改性水性聚氨酯,探究了异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯中NCO基团与对苯二甲酸双羟乙酯中OH基团的量比(n(NCO)/n(OH))、阻燃剂三羟甲基氧膦(THPO)和二氧化硅(SiO₂)质量分数对阻燃改性水性聚氨酯形态和稳定性的影响;然后将得到的阻燃改性水性聚氨酯通过后整理的方法改性PET织物,并表征其阻燃性能。结果表明：在乙二醇(EG)为解聚剂,酯酸锌和氯化胆碱为催化剂的条件下,最佳解聚工艺为EG与PET质量比为4∶1、氯化胆碱与酯酸锌量比为1∶1、反应温度为185℃、反应时间为4 h,解聚产物对苯二甲酸双羟乙酯的产率可达87.6%;当THPO质量分数小于24%,SiO₂质量分数小于6%,n(NCO)/n(OH)在3～7时,阻燃改性水性聚氨酯呈均匀稳定的乳液形态;当THPO质量分数为24%,SiO₂质量分数为4%,n(NCO)/n(OH)为6时,阻燃改性PET织物具有较...     

硅-磷阻燃剂对涤纶织物的阻燃研究

采用极限氧指数法(LOI)、垂直燃烧法等手段研究甲基三甲氧基硅烷包覆聚磷酸铵的协同阻燃剂,与水性聚氨酯组成阻燃涂层剂,对涤纶织物的阻燃效果。结果表明:甲基三甲氧基硅烷和聚磷酸铵配比为2∶1,阻燃剂与水性聚氨酯配比为1∶2,阻燃剂质量浓度为160 g/L,烘焙温度为180℃,烘焙时间为120 s,阻燃涤纶织物的极限氧指数为44.3%,损毁长度为29 mm,阴燃时间和续燃时间均为0,达到GB 20286-2006标准中的阻燃1级。     

丙纶织物发泡阻燃涂层工艺

采用稳泡的阻燃涂层胶对丙纶织物进行泡沫阻燃涂层整理。探讨了涂层的工艺条件（涂层机和发泡机的各项参数）；分析了涂层刀距、阻燃胶密度和上胶量对涂层织物阻燃性能的影响，以及泡沫密度、压泡压力与织物透气性和涂层膜的关系。综合考虑产品质量和成本，选择的工艺参数为：泡沫密度150-200g／L，压泡压力58．9—68．7N／cm^2。     

水性聚氨酯阻燃剂的研制

以含磷、卤素类阻燃性聚醚和异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯为原料，二元胺为扩链剂，以亚硫酸氢钠为封端剂，制备了水性聚氨酯阻燃整理剂．检测结果证明该整理剂对棉织物、涤纶均有一定的阻燃效果，洗涤5次仍有阻燃性．免除了游离甲醛危害，减少了对环境的污染．     

生物基聚对苯二甲酸丙二醇酯织物的阻燃与三防一步法泡沫整理

为提升生物基聚对苯二甲酸丙二醇酯(PTT)织物的功能性且满足节能减排生态染整需求,采用泡沫整理技术对生物基PTT织物进行阻燃与三防一步法整理.通过响应面实验设计和优化法,分析了阻燃剂和三防整理剂质量浓度、带液率以及焙烘温度等对整理效果的影响,得到最佳整理工艺:阻燃剂和三防整理剂质量浓度分别为390、43 g/L,带液率...     

耐静水压阻燃水性聚氨酯织物涂层剂的制备及其性能

为使水性聚氨酯织物涂层剂具有耐静水压和阻燃的双重功能,采用聚醚三元醇N330为大分子交联剂,聚醚二元醇（PTMG 2000）、无卤阻燃剂（ExolitOP550）为混合软段,二羟甲基丙酸为亲水性扩连剂,1,4-丁二醇为硬段调节剂,与甲苯二异氰酸酯反应制备了耐静水压阻燃水性聚氨酯(OWPU),并探讨了其在织物涂层中的应用。通过红外(FTIR)测试方法对其进行了表征;通过热失重(TGA)、极限氧指数(LOI)等测试方法分析了耐静水压阻燃水性聚氨酯的热性能和阻燃性能;通过静水压测试考察了样品织物涂层的耐静水压性能。研究结果表明：无卤阻燃剂的加入使得聚氨酯的阻燃性能提高,残炭量增多,极限氧指数值由21.8%提高到29.0%;耐静水压值在8kPa以上,具备了良好的阻燃和耐静水压双重功能。