20 channel coherent FSK system using subcarrier multiplexing

A 20-channel multioctave coherent frequency shift keying (FSK) system using subcarrier multiplexing techniques is described. The microwave subcarriers range from 2.1 to 5.9 GHz with a 200-MHz channel spacing. The receiver consists of a p-i-n photodiode, electrical isolator, low-noise amplifier, and bandpass filter to provide channel selection. The channels are modulated at 100 Mb/s, corresponding to one digitized video channel. Results for the optimal phase modulation index and degradation due to second- and third-order intermodulation distortion are discussed. For the worst-case channel, a receiver sensitivity of -27 dBm was achieved     

光纤SCM通信系统中的噪声分析

本文首先分析了光纤SCM通信系统中存在的噪声,然后深入讨论了光检测器的散粒噪声及其与光器件工作参数的关系和对载噪比C/N的影响,结论可作为实际系统设计时的依据。     

Performance evaluation of digital and analogue video distribution systems using coherent subcarrier multiplexing

Compares digital and analogue approaches for broadband distribution of video signals using a coherent subcarrier multiplexed architecture. The analysis shows that FM is most attractive for near-term applications because it offers very good receiver sensitivity and high channel capacity.<>     

Theoretical investigation of local oscillator intensity noise inoptical homodyne systems

The degradation of system performance due to the intensity noise from a semiconductor local oscillator laser is theoretically investigated. A statistical model for the optical receiver is presented to calculate the bit error rate and the power penalty resulting from the local oscillator intensity noise. The power penalty depends critically on the noise power, data rate, and spectral characteristics of the noise. Simulation results are given for homodyne systems and compared to the results of Gaussian approximation     

Performance comparison of subcarrier multiplexed coherent systems using optical intensity and phase modulators

The performance of subcarrier multiplexed coherent systems is compared theoretically using optical intensity and phase modulators. The results show that a subcarrier multiplexed coherent system with a symmetrical optical intensity modulator can offer a receiver sensitivity improvement as high as 9.1 dB over that with an optical phase modulator.<>     

Performance improvement of hybrid subcarrier multiplexing optical spectrum code division multiplexing system using spectral direct decoding detection technique

This paper proposes a hybrid subcarrier multiplexing/optical spectrum code division multiplexing (SCM/OSCDM) system for the purpose of combining the advantages of both techniques. Optical spectrum code division multiple-access (OSCDMA) is one of the multiplexing techniques that is becoming popular because of the flexibility in the allocation of channels, ability to operate asynchronously, enhanced privacy and increased capacity in bursty nature networks. On the other hand, subcarrier multiplexing (SCM) technique is able to enhance the channel data rate of OSCDMA systems. In this paper, a newly developed detection technique for the OSCDM called spectral direct decoding (SDD) detection technique is compared mathematically with the AND subtraction detection technique. The system utilizes a new unified code construction named KS (Khazani–Syed) code. The results characterizing the bit-error-rate (BER) show that SDD offers a significant improved performance at BER of 10^?9.     

Influence of noise intensity on the spectrum of an oscillator

This paper investigates the influence of high-intensity noise on the correlation spectrum of a two-dimensional (2-D) nonlinear oscillator. An exact analytical solution for the correlation spectrum of this 2-D oscillator is provided. The analytical derivations are well suited for oscillators with white noise of any intensity, but computational constraints on the solution of the partial differential equation may make it impractical for cases where the number of state variables exceeds three. The spectral results predicted by our analytical method are verified by numerical simulations of the noisy oscillator in the time domain. We find that the peak of the oscillator spectrum shifts toward higher frequencies as the noise intensity is increased, as opposed to the fixed oscillation frequency predicted in the existing literature. This phenomenon does not appear to have been reported previously in the context of phase noise in oscillators.     

基于多载波复用多模光纤通信系统的设计与分析

分析了多模光纤高频带通区域的传输特性,提出一种基于多载波复用的多模光纤通信系统.对该系统的传输特性进行了分析和仿真,结果表明:系统所用载波数是影响系统性能的重要因素;选取合适载波数,该系统可将10.2Gb/s的数据传输1km、将2.5Gb/s的数据传输4.2km;增大激光器的发送功率可以显著增加系统的传输距离.     

Impact of local oscillator intensity noise and the threshold levelon the performance of a {2×2} and {3×3} phase-diversity ASKreceiver

The impact of local oscillator intensity noise and the threshold level on the performance of the {2×2} and the {3×3} phase-diversity amplitude-shift keying (ASK) receiver has been investigated for the first time for non-Gaussian statistics. Exact equations are derived for the bit-error-rate (BER), taking into account the non-Gaussian statistics and the statistical dependency of the relative intensity noise (RIN) in the receiver branches. The results differ substantially from the case in which a priori Gaussian statistics were assumed. The sensitivity penalty of the receivers is calculated with respect to the performance of an ideal heterodyne ASK receiver for a BER of 10^-9. It is shown that for a minimum sensitivity penalty the threshold level should be chosen in relation to the local oscillator power and the intensity noise level     

The performance of coherent BPSK in the presence of oscillator phase noise for ka-band pico-terminal inbound links

In microwave systems, the phase noise is well known to be a significant source of degradation especially for low data rate transmission, giving rise to a significant irreducible error rate. In an earlier study [1,2] based on the European Space Agency's Olympus Satellite 30/20 GHz payload parameters, it was found that several thousands of simultaneous transmissions of 50 to 200 bits/sec each could be supported from hand-held pico-terminal earth stations. It is important to use the most appropriate modulation scheme in the presence of oscillator phase noise for such low data rate systems. It is generally assumed that noncoherent or differentially coherent modulation schemes will perform best in applications where the coherence time of the oscillators is short compared to the bit period. However, our analysis of these schemes has shown that they are subject to irreducible error rates and minimum useable data rates. This has led us to reconsider coherent BPSK (CPSK). It is shown that the choice of the optimum noise bandwidth of the phase locked loop (PLL) in the carrier recovery circuit is very important when considering the coherent schemes. The PLL bandwidth must be wide enough to track the oscillator phase noise at its input, but, on the other hand, it must be as narrow as possible to exclude the thermal noise. Results show that coherent BPSK in the phase noise contaminated channel is also subject to an irreducible error rate, which increases as the noise bandwidth is reduced. For the optimum loop bandwidth, however, this appears to be lower than the corresponding figure for DPSK [3]. There is a minimum useable data rate for any given bit error rate (BER) requirement. Results of a complete analysis are presented in the form of BER versusE _b/N _o plots.     

DSRC系统中微波信号源相位噪声分析

在专用短程通信系统中采用M-PSK调制通信方式,以适应多种速率要求.给出了射频信道模型和微波数字锁相本振信号源的相位噪声模型,分析了微波本振信号源相位噪声的影响,仿真给出了相位噪声功率谱密度与系统误码率之间的关系.利用该结果,有助于无线通信系统的设计.     

Analysis of relative intensity noise in semiconductor lasers andits effect on subcarrier multiplexed lightwave systems

It is found that the presence of the asymmetric nonlinear gain causes the longitudinal modes of a Fabry-Perot laser as well as a nearly single-mode laser to couple such that the low-frequency relative intensity noise is greatly enhanced. For the first time we have included this asymmetric mode coupling to adequately model the translation of the enhanced low-frequency noise to the signal band of a subcarrier multiplexed transmission system in the presence of both modulation and fiber dispersion. This effect, which is crucial in determining the system's signal-to-noise ratio, is also verified experimentally. Theoretical and experimental investigations of system impairment caused by noise translation and fiber dispersion are also performed. Excellent agreement between the theoretical predictions and the experimental results is obtained     

Impact of additive noise on system performance of a digital X-ray imaging system

The impact of additive noise on the performance of a digital X-ray imaging system was investigated. The X-ray system is uniquely designed for small animal studies with a focal spot of 20 microm and an adjustable source-to-object distance for radiography. The noise power spectrum and the detective quantum efficiency of this system were measured. The additive noise increased rapidly when the exposure time exceeded a certain range, since the charge-coupled devices of the detector had no cooling system. The noise power spectrum for the additive noise and the noise of the entire imaging system were studied and compared at different exposure times. The detective quantum efficiency was also measured at different exposure times. It was observed that for exposure times less than 10 s, the detective quantum efficiency ((DQE)(0)) is approximately 0.26, dropping to 0.13 at 4 lp/mm and to 0.026 at 8 lp/mm. However, when the exposure exceeds a certain limit (10 s in this study), the rapidly increased additive noise caused the system to be no longer quantum noise limited, resulting in a decreased detective quantum efficiency and a degraded system performance. For example, at an exposure of 20 s, the DQE(O) is approximately 0.22, dropping to 0.11 at 3 lp/mm and to 0.022 at 8 lp/mm.     

基于ADF4106的低相噪本振设计

为了实现低相噪的本振信号输出,本文设计出一种基于锁相环芯片ADF4106的低相噪本振源.通过实际调试,测试结果满足设计要求,并作为第二点频本振应用于一款通信测试仪器的中.     

Impact of 1/f-type FM noise on coherent optical communications

When a semiconductor laser operates in a high power state, the l/f-type FM noise is a dominant cause of spectral broadening. The degradation of the bit error rate performance of the heterodyne DPSK optical communication system due to such 1/f noise is calculated. The result shows that the 1/f noise is much less harmful than the white noise originated from spontaneous emission events.     

GSM现网底噪对网络性能的影响

随着GSM网络的大力发展,数据业务突飞猛进,网络干扰也越来越复杂,网络质量问题逐渐成了最迫切的问题.本文基于提升网络质量问题为目的,提出了改善无线底噪的若干方案和建议.     

Impact of laser intensity noise on ASK two-port optical homodyne receivers

The letter describes initial experimental results obtained with a multiport optical homodyne receiver employing a DFB laser. The receiver performance is found to be limited by the intensity noise of the local oscillator rather than by the phase noise, even when the product of the IF linewidth and the bit duration is as large as 0.56. A relative intensity noise level of at least ? 140dB/Hz will be required for a satisfactory receiver performance with ? 15dBm local oscillator power.     

Understanding the effects of phase noise in orthogonal frequencydivision multiplexing (OFDM)

Phase noise must be carefully considered when designing an OFDM-based communication system since an accurate prediction of the tolerable phase noise can allow the system and RF engineers to relax specifications. This paper analyzes the performance of OFDM systems under phase noise and its dependence on the number of sub-carriers both in the presence and absence of a phase correction mechanism. Besides some practical results are provided so as to give some insight into the phase noise spectral specifications that should be required of the local oscillator     

The impact of laser phase noise on the coherent subcarriermultiplexing system

In coherent optical subcarrier multiplexing (CSCM) systems, the laser phase noise may cause signal spectrum broadening and hence, causes significant deterioration in the system performance. The impact of phase noise on the CSCM system is analyzed in terms of carrier-to-noise ratio, intermodulation distortion, and adjacent channel crosstalk. The optimal modulation index and carrier to noise ratio are also presented. Some numerical results are outlined     

Impact of bursty error rates on the performance of wireless local area network (WLAN)

With an increasing popularity of DCF based wireless LAN, the modeling of 802.11 distributed coordination function (DCF) has attracted lots of research attention. Existing analysis of 802.11 DCF has been focused on the determination of the throughput and the packet delay under saturated traffic and ideal channel conditions. Although some recent papers address the saturated performance under a simple uniform error model, they can hardly capture the impact of bursty characteristics of wireless fading on the performance of 802.11 DCF. This paper presents exact formulae for the throughput and the delay in DCF for various traffic conditions when either saturated or unsaturated traffic load is present. A two-state Markov channel model is incorporated to present the bursty characteristics of channel errors. With our analysis, the impact of bursty channel error on unsuccessful transmission probability and the DCF performance can be determined. The results of our analytical framework reveal that the four-way handshaking scheme does not improve throughput substantially for light traffic load. However, for heavy traffic load, the four-way handshaking scheme is advantageous as compared to the basic access scheme. Also, extensive simulation is done to substantiate the accuracy of our analytical model.