制造业工艺信息化需要什么样的CAPP技术和产品

一、前言“九五”期间，国家大力推广电子信息技术在传统产业技术改造中的应用，大力推进机械设计“甩掉图板” 及相应计算机辅助技术的应用。我国“十五”计划中明确提出以信息化带动工业化，发挥后发优势，实现社会生产力的跨越式发展。科技部、经贸委今年大力倡导制造业信息化建设，拿出8亿，带动100亿资金。大中型企业又将迎来新一轮的发展机遇。随着计算机技术在制造型企业中的应用，利用计算机进行工艺辅助设计是必然的发展趋势，CAPP的应用必将大大提高工艺部门的工作效率、工作质量，提高信息处理能力和企业各部门间信息的交流能…     

一种决策模型的自动生成及管理系统

本文说明了一种决策模型的自动生成及管理系统的设计与实现方法。该系统能够辅助人们去建立一种基于决策表的决策模型，自动进行各种检验，并能将此模型转换成另外两种决策模型。此外，它还具有决策模型库和应用案例库的管理功能。该系统已成功地运用到多个大型信息系统的开发之中。     

考虑协同效应时制造业信息系统应用水平的评价方法

企业实施的各种信息系统(IS)应用组成企业IS应用组合系统，各子系统相互配合产生 协同效应，使得系统总体功能得到加强．协同效应分析对企业IS应用水平的正确评价具有重 要作用．本文首先给出企业IS应用水平的评价框架，其次阐述确定协同效应的方法．该方法 首先通过IS应用的功能原理分析绘制各种IS应用之间的数据流表，然后根据数据流表得出协 同效应系数矩阵，并对其特性进行讨论．     

中国制造业信息系统选型分析

中国制造业信息化经历了二十多年,但系统选型问题到现在依然困扰着企业。本文聚焦于制造业信息系统,整理和分析了选型问题。     

一种决策模型产生方法

本文根据接收到的信息和归结原理来产生决策模型，并采用动态的标准选取决策模型，同时利用模拟退火法对被选取的模型进行排序，使整体的推理效果达到最优。     

一种动态多目标决策模型及其应用

针对一类动态多指标决策问题。提出一种多目标多阶段动态决策模型。根据所提出的效用函数,将决策矩阵归一化到相应的效用矩阵。该效用函数以指标的平均值为参数考点,突出了“奖优罚劣”原则,提高了分辨精度。最后提出一种动态决策目标函数,并通过对５城市３年综合经济效益的评估实例,表明此方法是合理可行的。     

CAPP技术综述

一、企业对CAPP的需求 工艺过程设计是连接产品设计与制造的桥梁,是整个制造系统中的重要环节,对产品质量和制造成本具有极为重要的影响.同时企业为了增强市场竞争力和快速响应市场的变化而采用多种新技术的环境下,革新传统的工艺设计手段,采用以计算机为工具的现代化工艺设计和管理方式是企业上水平、上台阶的关键之一,也是企业发展的必由之路.     

流通百货制造业配送中心信息系统初探(上)

问题的提出 中国商业MIS这几年的发展诸多波折.现在的商用信息管理系统真正让企业感受到效益的并不多,倒是常听到商场重做进销存系统的例子.为什么?笔者已经在多篇文章中讨论过这个问题.现在想换个角度再来谈谈.     

网络化制造资源优化配置DSS的优化模型研究

首先简介了网络化制造资源优化配置决策支持系统的体系结构及决策过程,在此基础上讨论了优化配置关键技术—EMP优化模型的两种实现方法:EMP综合评判及基于遗传算法的EMP优化方法,最后针对基于多目标遗传算法的EMP优化模型,设计了实现算法。     

Key factors for operational performance in manufacturing systems: Conceptual model,systematic literature review and implications

PurposeThe performance of discrete items manufacturing systems (MS) is a primary concern of industrial firms. However, the understanding of the interrelations between performance and its key factors requires further advancements. Thus, several questions remain unanswered in the Operations and Production Management (OPM) field to understand and manage the relationship between these key factors. To address these challenges, this paper conceptualizes and examines the relevant antecedents and essential elements for the design and optimization of competitive MS.Design/methodology/approachFirst, drawing on the consolidated OPM literature, a novel conceptual model was developed incorporating the conceptual relationships essential to MS performance. Second, we conducted a systematic literature review based on the PRISMA protocol to analyze and validate the proposed conceptual model and to indicate the field’s current knowledge gaps and future research directions.FindingsFindings validated the proposed conceptual model by establishing the complex causal interrelations among key factors that influence discrete MS performance. Moreover, we found that the operational performance of discrete MS is multidimensional and directly dependent on the variables and mechanisms associated with the production flow. Findings also demonstrated that the degree of importance of the antecedents of MS performance vary and are temporally interrelated. Lastly, the paper advances the understanding of MS by revealing the predominance of quantitative approaches (e.g., discrete events simulation and closed mathematical models) in the literature as well as an emphasis on describing these approaches rather than characterizing MS appropriately.Research and Practical implicationsThis paper extends our knowledge on the operational performance challenges in discrete MS by proposing a visual, direct, and intuitive conceptual model that enables firms to better comprehend these complex challenges. This research also answers ongoing calls for investigations of the antecedents and elements of competitive MS design and optimization. Our findings show that decision-making in discrete MS is established temporally based on strategic, operational, and control definitions, influencing firms’ operational performance. Finally, since it draws on seminal OPM literature specializing in MS, this study informs scholars, industrial managers, and aid decision-making about discrete MS.Originality/valueThe first original aspect of this study lies in bridging the gaps identified in the OPM literature by providing a robust conceptual framework that highlights the key factors of operational performance in discrete MS. Its second original aspect is that it adopts different information sources in an independent and complementary way to achieve greater generalizability and robustness of the contributions.     

Regret avoidance as a measure of DSS success: An exploratory study

Assessing the value of decision support systems (DSS) is an important line of research. Traditionally, researchers adopt user satisfaction and decision performance to measure DSS success. In some cases, however, the use of DSS is not benefit driven. Instead, DSS adoption may be motivated by avoiding decision errors or reducing decision cost, indicating that regret avoidance may be a useful measure of DSS success. Regret is a post-decision feeling regarding not having chosen a better alternative. Recent behavioral research has indicated that, in addition to pursuing higher performance and user satisfaction, reducing decision regret is another important consideration for many decision-makers. This exploratory study extends prior research on DSS evaluation by proposing regret avoidance as an additional measure of DSS success. Experimental results regarding the use of DSS for stock investment demonstrate DSS use significantly reduces regret in situations involving low user satisfaction. Consequently, besides decision performance and user satisfaction, regret reduction is also important in measuring the effectiveness of DSS.     

灵活的城市信息业发展评价系统的设计与实现

信息业发展水平是衡量一个城市现代化程度的重要指标。本文提出的信息业发展水平评价决策支持系统可以辅助管理人员进行多方面多层次的综合评价,文中着重说明了为提高灵活性,系统在数据库结构和模型部件等方面的设计优势。     

Information support systems for problem solving

The occurrence in the literature of success stories dealing with (management) information systems is rare indeed. This paper addresses some of the possible factors that make it difficult to design and implement successful information (and decision support) systems. More specifically, we consider the role of problem formulation and specification, including goal setting, in the design of information systems.     

An analysis of human and computer decision-making capabilities

Decision theory is a formal basis for considering human decision making. It has typically focused on humans and even if the decision-maker is assisted in the process, it is assumed that the assistance is provided by another human. However, in the computer age the decision-maker is assisted more often than not by a computer. Hence in this paper we explore the rationale for an integrated human-computer information processor and consider the information processing capabilities of the human and the computer within a formal model of decision-making. The analysis for the computer is done assuming it has at least the capabilities of a decision support system.     

Conflicting information integration for decision support

The integration of information from multiple sources is a topic of increasing importance to the design of advanced decision support systems for a variety of situation assessment tasks. The integration of information is especially difficult when the multiple sources provide conflicting information. In general, approaches to this problem have used either probability-based techniques or techniques based on one of the newer theories of uncertainty. This paper surveys these current approaches to the conflicting information problem and then describes a new approach based on information theory.     

Computerization of school administration: impact on the principal’s role—a case study

Changes in the principal’s role, resulting from the computerization of a high-school’s instruction-administration subsystem (i.e. a significant technological change), occurred in six major categories: accountability, instruction evaluation, supervision, feedback, frequency of meetings, and shared decision-making. The principal’s interrelations with department heads, homeroom teachers and teachers, tightened significantly. The principal’s interrelations with the school computer administrator (a new role created as a result of the introduction of a school management information system), were found to be tight and on a daily basis. The results of this research might have significant theoretical and practical implications. They should be related to SMIS impact on schooling in general and on the principal’s role in particular.