图像法在纱线捻度测试中的应用

探讨图像法用于测试纱线捻度的效果。分析了退捻加捻法存在的不足之处,提出了通过显微镜测量纱线直径及表面捻回角进而计算纱线捻度的图像测试法,并对20种不同规格纱线进行了图像测试法与解捻法及退捻加捻法的对比测试。结果表明:图像法测试纱线捻度是可行的,其结果准确,操作简便,同时也解决了不能在捻度机上测试的较小试样的捻度测试问题。     

“拇指样”涤纶面料的纱线规格分析

分别以6块薄型涤纶面料"拇指样"和小样为研究对象,"拇指样"通过尼康50i数码显微镜得到纱线图像,分析图像中涤纶长丝的直径和捻回角,并计算得到长丝细度及捻度。小样面料经、纬丝线细度和捻度规格通过传统定长称量法和退捻加捻法测试获得。通过对比研究,发现图像法测试特小织物纱线细度及纱线捻度结果准确,操作简单方便,一定程度上解决了"拇指样"翻样细度及捻度测量不准确的问题,对实际生产和贸易具有一定借鉴作用。     

全自动纱线捻度仪的设计及应用

为了克服纱线捻度仪存在连续采样稳定性差、测试精度低、数据一致性差、操作过程复杂、人机界面美观度欠佳等问题,介绍了全自动纱线捻度仪的工作原理、线路设计、软件设计及其使用要点和测试方法,并分析了测试纱线捻度时不同方法的优劣。试验对比数据说明:全自动纱线捻度仪提高了测试精度与可靠性,可测试包括包芯纱在内的各种纱线捻度及相关指标,提高了工作效率,可减少人力资源成本、降本增效。     

影响纱线捻度测试结果的主要因素

为了保证捻度测试结果的准确性及研究不同测试参数（转速、预伸长和预加张力）对纱线捻度测试结果的影响，对几组不同试验方法、条件的纱线捻度进行比对试验，并对试验数据进行统计比对与分析。研究结果表明，捻度试验仪转速对捻度测试结果的影响微乎其微，预加张力和预伸长对捻度测试结果有一定影响，尤以预伸长对捻度测试结果影响最大，预伸长较小时，捻度值较小；过大时，纱线则容易出现断裂，预伸长值的选择应在5～7mm间，预加张力宜为0．5cN。     

一种纱线捻度稳定性测试装置及方法研究

探讨一种纱线捻度稳定性测试装置及测试方法。针对目前国内外纱线捻度稳定性测试仪器复杂多样,操作方法不规范等问题,利用纱线捻度仪,改造研制成一种纱线捻度稳定性测试装置。分析了测试原理、装置结构以及预加张力、测试速度、悬垂负荷对测试结果的影响,提出了配套的测试步骤以及上述几个测试条件参数的选择方法,并与传统人工手测法进行对比试验。结果表明:该装置所测结果标准差及相对误差值远小于人工手测法,测试结果稳定可靠,数据重现性良好。认为:该装置结构简单,操作简便,可用于实验室和生产中对纱线捻度稳定性的测试与评价。     

针织纱的动态力学性能研究

阐述了美国劳森-谱希尔公司生产的CTT纱线性能测试仪的测试原理、方法、条件和试样准备,使用该测试仪测试了不同线密度、不同捻度、不同纺纱方法纺出的针织纱的动态力学性能,由测试结果得出:纱线的线密度、捻度、断裂强力和纱线的纺纱方法均对纱线的动态强力有着较大影响。     

利用DJN-A型捻度仪测试和控制纱线捻度

温州汽电机械厂生产的DJN-A型现场数字捻度仪,测试机理较静态测试仪合理,能准确测出前皮辊线速和钢丝圈转数,其测试结果更接近于计算捻度,并能较为正确反映纱线的实际捻度。一、测试原理及方法 1.DJN-A型捻度仪电路方框图(图1) 2.测试方法测试纱线捻度时,可采用时测和轮测二种方法。     

预加张力对纱线测试结果的影响与分析

为保证纱线测试长度的准确性及充分发挥预加张力的修正效果,分别探讨了不同预加张力对普通纱的影响、预加张力对不同捻度纱线测试的影响,提出对于不同的线密度与捻度的纱线不能统一设置为0．5cN／tex,在设置施加预加张力时不仅要依据线密度的大小,还要结合纱线实际捻度的大小确定;（0．5±0．1）cN／tex的预加张力选择范围不能保证强捻度纱线测试结果的准确和可靠。     

纱线捻度测试方法分析与建议

纱线捻度的大小,影响纱线生产效率、纱线强力、纱线伸长及纺织品的弹性、手感、风格等,各种捻度测试方法具有不同的测量不确定度。退捻加捻法是最常用的方法,但它受预加张力影响很大,其本身又不能确定准确的预加张力。本文就捻度测试的基准的直接计数法与最常用的退捻加捻法,进行分析对比,探讨如何既能充分发挥退捻加捻法简洁、快速的特点,同时保证捻度测试的准确性和可靠性,减小捻度测量不确定度等。     

纱线捻度测试方法的探讨

对几种纱线用4种不同的捻度测试方法进行了测试，比较了其误差大小，为纺织厂选择捻度测试方法提供了依据。     

纱线毛羽图像的二值化处理及其Matlab实现

文章利用CCD扫描来采集纱线灰度图像，运用计算机快速处理数据的能力以及Matlab强大的图像处理功能，采用适当的方法对纱线毛羽图像进行消噪、灰度变换、二值化处理。通过分析二值化图像的特征，分别得出带毛羽纱线和不带毛羽纱线的图像面积，进一步计算出纱线相对毛羽率。结果表明，该方法分割效果好，运算速度快，不需要购买专门的仪器，具有较高的实用价值。     

Simultaneous Determination of Carmoisine and Ponceau 4R

A new, simple, sensitive, and inexpensive method for simultaneous determination of binary mixtures of food colorants, carmoisine and ponceau 4R, which are species with highly overlapped spectra, by using H-point standard addition method (HPSAM) is proposed. Absorbances at the two pair of wavelengths, 460 and 549 nm or 490 and 541 nm, were monitored while adding standard solutions of carmoisine or ponceau 4R, respectively. The accuracy and reproducibility of the determination method for various known amounts of carmoisine and ponceau 4R in their binary mixtures were evaluated. This method was satisfactorily applied for the determination of carmoisine and ponceau 4R in synthetic binary mixtures and several commercial products. The total relative standard error for applying the HPSAM to five synthetic samples was 3.26% or 4.96% with carmoisine or ponceau 4R addition, respectively.     

电大尺寸电磁场问题的广义离散卷积法

利用正交变换及其快速算法，以迭代算子的Ｆｒｏｂｅｎｉｕｓ范数最小为准则，推广了求解电大尺寸电磁场问题的离散卷积法和修正离散卷积法，提出了一类迭代法，即广义离散卷积法。具体给出了采用快速Ｈａｄａｍａｒｄ变换的二进卷积迭代法，以及基于二进卷积、适用于对称结构的分区直接解法。数值结果验证了算法的有效性。     

在线双毛细管火焰原子吸收法测定海带中的微量锶

研究在线双毛细管快速测定海带中微量锶的方法,使用相同管径的双毛细管对酸度和干扰离子进行探讨。采用湿法溶样对样品进行前处理,通过在线加入十二烷基磺酸钠抑制干扰,采用10.0 L/min空气流量和1.2 L/min乙炔流量进行了实验,结果显示：海带中Sr含量在700 μg/g左右。方法检出限为0.1 μg/g,样品回收率在97.8%～107.4%,精密度小于5%。方法准确快速、成本低廉,适合样品中微量锶的测定。经实际样品验证获得较为满意的结果。     

自适应局部二值模式算法及其在织物疵点检测中的应用

为了能够准确地提取不同纹理的特征,提出一种新的纹理特征提取方法,自适应局部二值模式为不同纹理特征创建相应的主要概率模式子集,避免了均匀局部二值模式使用同一模式集描述不同纹理结构而导致的描述不准确问题.在该算法基础上构建一种新颖的织物疵点检测算法,使用本文提出的特征提取方法获取无疵点织物图像特征并确定疵点判断阈值,然后将待检测织物图像分割为大小相同的检测窗提取特征后,与阈值比较以判断是否为疵点区域.实验证明此算法不仅保持了传统LBP的旋转不变、多分辨率等特点,而且疵点检测结果在视觉上更加细腻、误检率更低、适用范围更广.     

基于二值图像连通域提取的图像滤波方法

为解决常用滤波方法对目标图像噪声抑制效果不理想的问题,提出了一种基于二值图像连通域提取的图像滤波方法。将采集到的图像进行二值化,对图像进行连通域提取并根据连通域的轮廓筛选出噪声干扰点,对噪声点进行过滤,保留图像细节特征,对目标图像的噪声达到有效抑制的效果。结果表明:该方法在特定应用上优于常规滤波方法。     

The prediction of water activity of some supersaturated non-electrolyte aqueous binary solutions from ternary data

Binary data are required for prediction of the water activities of multicomponent aqueous solutions by various methods. At high concentrations, these methods would need binary data beyond the solubility limits of individual solutes. Such supersaturated data are usually lacking or very difficult to determine experimentally. The Zdanovskii–Stokes–Robinson equation, which has been shown to be a reliable and accurate method for predicting the water activity of complex solutions, may be applied in reverse to calculate the water activities of supersaturated binary solutions from ternary data. Hitherto unpublished supersaturated binary a _w data of mannitol, sucrose and urea obtained using this method as well as polynomials for their prediction are presented in this paper.     

一种基于大津法改进的图像分割方法

为了解决大津法分割图像容易造成图像细节丢失的问题,提出一种基于大津法改进的图像分割方法。首先,将三通道彩色图像分离为3个单通道图像;其次,分别使用大津法进行图像的二值化;再次,利用得到的3个阈值和3幅二值化图像进行投票,判断获得最终的二值化图像。实验表明,该方法能较好地保存图像的细节,图像边缘受光不均匀部分也能进行很好地分割。结果表明:该方法对部分图像的分割优于大津法。     

Heritability,reliability of genetic evaluations and response to selection in proportional hazard models

The purposes of this study were 1) to investigate the heritability, reliability, and selection response for survival traits following a Weibull frailty proportional hazard model; and 2) to examine the relationship between genetic parameters from a Weibull model, a discrete proportional hazard model, and a binary data analysis using a linear model. Both analytical methods and Monte Carlo simulations were used to achieve these aims. Data were simulated using the Weibull frailty model with two different shapes of the Weibull distribution. Breeding values of 100 unrelated sires with 50 to 100 progeny (with different levels of censoring) were generated from a normal distribution and two different sire variances. For analysis of longevity data on the discrete scale, simulated data were transformed to a discrete scale using arbitrary ends of discrete intervals of 400, 800, or 1200 d. For binary data analysis, an individual's longevity was either 0 (when longevity was less than the end of interval) or 1 (when longevity was equal or greater than the end of interval). Three different statistical models were investigated in this study: a Weibull model, a discrete-time model (a proportional hazard model assuming that the survival data are measured on a discrete scale with few classes), and a linear model based upon binary data. An alternative derivation using basic expressions of reliabilities in sire models suggests a simple equation for the heritability on the original scale (effective heritability) that is not dependent on the Weibull parameters. The predictions of reliabilities using the proposed formulae in this study are in very good agreement with reliabilities observed from simulations. In general, the estimates of reliability from either the discrete model or the binary data analysis were close to estimates from the Weibull model for a given number of uncensored records in this simplified case of a balanced design. Although selection response from the binary data analysis depends on the end of interval point, there is a relatively good agreement between selection responses in the Weibull model and the binary data analysis. In general, when the underlying survival data is from a Weibull distribution, it appears that the method of analyzing data does not greatly affect the results in terms of sire ranking or response to selection, at least for the simplified context considered in this study.     

基于彩色图像处理的生丝截面特征参数提取

 通过将生丝包埋切片图像由RGB空间转化到HSI颜色空间,基于HSI颜色模型将具有某种色彩信息的生丝截面从背景图片中分离出来,并转化为灰度图像。利用边缘检测的方法,将生丝截面部分转化为二值图像,然后再根据所提取生丝部分的形状、大小等特征,利用图像膨胀和腐蚀的方法对二值生丝截面图像进行处理,从而得到完整的生丝截面图像,最后通过图像矩阵处理的方法得到评价生丝截面的特征参数。结果表明,该方法可以较准确地得到生丝截面的特征参数。