使用单相变压器降低低压线损的实践

通过实例阐述了10 kV单相变压器在城区配电网中的应用情况,分析了单相变压器与三相变压器的主要性能,从低压线损、供电可靠性及经济效益等方面对三相变压器与单相变压器进行了比较.分析了在电力通道紧张的情况下运用单相变压器供电的优势,指出在城市配电网中使用单相变压器,可提高供电可靠性,降低损耗,有利于电力客户及供电企业.     

采用单、三相变压器混合线路降低线损

降低线损是供电部门的一项重要工作,而大部分线路损耗是在10kV以下的配电线路上。在配电线路上采用单、二相变压器混合供电方式．以高压进户、缩短低压线路降低线损为目的,使配电线路线损有了较大幅度降低,提高了供电可靠率和电压合格率。     

Simplified three-phase lateral and feeder models for fast distribution system calculations

This paper introduces three simplified three-phase lateral models for fast distribution system calculations. The models can also be applied to model a feeder with short laterals, whose impedances are negligible. These models are formulated using three lumped individual phase loads to represent single-phase, three-phase unbalanced, and nonuniformly distributed loads along a lateral or feeder. Proposed voltage-drop and line-loss models are developed to accurately simulate the total series voltage drop at the end and the total copper loss of a given lateral, respectively. A hybrid model is then developed to simulate both voltage drop and line loss accurately. All of the proposed models are used to represent the unbalance features of a physical distribution system in which various transformer connections are presented. The proposed models are applied to a physical feeder of Taiwan Power Company (Taipower). The simulation results show that it is possible to simplify complicated laterals or feeders to simple equivalent models in the calculations of voltage profiles and line losses with negligible error, even if there are various transformer connection schemes in the lateral or feeder.     

基于平衡变压器的三相-单相对称供电条件研究及参数匹配

提出一种在平衡变压器三相变两相的基础上,根据移相原理匹配以无功补偿元件,实现三相系统对单相负荷平衡供电的三相-单相对称供电方式。该供电方式利用平衡变压器输出两相电压的正交特性,从而简化了匹配元件的计算;讨论了其三相-单相变换的拓扑结构,针对纯阻性、阻感性、阻容性3种不同性质的负荷提出了3种不同的接线方式及其匹配元件参数的计算公式;并对由匹配元件参数的误差和负荷在一定范围内变化所引起的三相侧电流负序分量增大情况进行了分析,给出了抑制此负序电流的一种解决办法;最后在一台2 kVA的平衡变压器样机上验证了所推计算方法的正确性和实用性。     

高压长线路短路法融冰可行性探讨

高压长线路实现短路法融冰的关键是获得大容量的融冰电源。文章通过对几种典型线路融冰需要的电流、电压和容量进行计算,得出结论：长300 km、4′300mm2的500 kV线路融冰需要建设一个4 kA、50 kV规模的直流电源;若能建设一个融冰电源与静补无功补偿装置合一的HVDCice则更为理想;利用系统中300 MW或以下功率的发电机和变压器,对长度不超过200 km的220 kV及以下线路进行交流融冰在技术上也是可行的;移动式柴油发电机能满足输电线路大跨越和小截面短线融冰的要求。     

Y,YE型"防触电"配电变压器的研究与探讨

目前配电电力变压器均使用三相四线制低压供电方式,由于民用照明用电使用其中的一线一地单相供电,常常会引起人身触电和设备烧毁事故的发生。本文介绍了一种Y,YE型防触电变压器,该型变压器的二次侧内部结构采用双卷芯双绕组,将380V三相动力与220V单相照明分开,各自一组绕组,互不连接,380V三相动力绕组采用Y型接线,中性点不接地,220V照明采用E型接线,中性点经电阻接地。从而该变压器从根本上解决了人员触电和零线中断后,发生某相电压升高烧毁用户电器的事故。     

配电网电压综合补偿方法研究

国标中规定10 kV及以下三相供电电压幅值允许偏差为标准系统电压的±7%,对于线路较长,负荷较重,负荷功率因数较低的辐射式配电网,末端节点电压常常低于电压下限9.30 kV。电压补偿方式有多种,较常用的方法有安装串联补偿装置、并联补偿装置,或采用变压器无载调压和有载调压,对于某些末端压降严重的线路,需要多种方式综合调压,才能满足质量要求。文中以10 kV配电网典型辐射式线路为例,采取EMTP-ATP软件仿真计算的方法,对系统稳态运行时串联补偿装置、并联补偿装置以及变压器调压对线路沿线电压的补偿效果进行了仿真研究,获得了改善沿线电压损耗较有效的综合调压方案。     

单相配电变压器三线集束导线两火一零低压供电模式的实施与展望

在农村电网二期改造来临之际，研究以低压侧中间带抽头的单相配电变压器，配合两火一零三芯集束导线低压供电的新模式，并在赤峰市敖汉旗进行了试点。实施表明，该模式在工程投资、降损节能、安全运行等方面已收到显著的效果．为今后我国农村电网特别西部地区电网的建设与改造提出一个新的思路.     

一种含分布式电源的配电网三相潮流混合计算方法

针对现有配电网三相潮流计算方法的不足,提出了一种新的含分布式电源的配电网三相潮流混合计算方法。分析了配电网中相关元件的特点,建立了配电线路、配电变压器和负荷的三相数学模型。对4种不同类型分布式电源节点的处理方式进行了分析,采用前推回代法和牛拉法的混合计算方法建立了三相潮流计算模型。采用回路阻抗矩阵法来计算三相电压差,解决了单相潮流计算方法的适用性问题,采用以节点电压的收敛性作为潮流计算程序迭代与否的控制目标,可直接求取电压值,迭代计算简洁高效。最后,以包含分布式电源的IEEE 33节点网络模型和山滩变某10 kV配电线路为例,验证了该混合计算方法的收敛性与高效性。     

Harmonic cancellation by mixing nonlinear single-phase andthree-phase loads

The voltage on the distribution line is, in most cases, distorted even at no load of the transformer. This is due to the “background” distortion on the medium-voltage line caused by the large number of single-phase nonlinear loads, such as PCs, TVs, VCRs, etc. This paper proposes a method to mix single-phase and three-phase nonlinear loads and reduce the harmonic currents significantly. The dependence of the phase angle of the harmonic currents as a function of the short-circuit impedance is investigated using SABER for the three-phase and the single-phase diode rectifier both with and without DC-link inductance. The phase angle of the fifth harmonic current of a three-phase diode rectifier is always in counterphase with the fifth harmonic current of a single-phase diode rectifier. This leads to the conclusion that adding three-phase rectifier load can actually improve the power quality at the transformer. This is also validated by a number of on-site measurements in several applications of three-phase adjustable-speed drives     

电气化铁路接入电力系统的电压等级问题

以高速电气化客运专线工程为背景,从接触网电压降落、三相电压不平衡度和谐波等方面详细分析了采用三相变压器、V/v接线变压器和单相牵引变压器以带回流的直接供电方式和自耦变压器供电方式分别接入110 kV和220 kV电力系统时普速电气化铁路和高速电气化铁路对系统短路容量的要求和对其造成的影响,讨论了普速电气化铁路和高速电气化铁路接入电力系统的电压等级问题。计算分析结果表明：对于普速电气化铁路,应优先考虑将其接入110 kV电力系统, 接入点的短路容量应大于牵引变压器额定容量的25倍;对于高速电气化铁路,应优先考虑将其接入220 kV电力系统,接入点的短路容量应大于牵引变压器额定容量的35倍。     

配电网采用单相配电技术的节能效果分析

电力网电能损失率是电力企业的一项重要综合性技术经济指标,它反映了一个电力网的规划设计、生产技术和运行管理水平.在配电网安全性和可靠性日渐成熟后,降低线损变成配电网的一项重要工作,而大部分线路损耗是在10 kV以下的配电线路上.在配电线路上采用单、三相变压器混合供电方式,以高压进户、缩短低压线路、降低线损为目的,使配电线路线损有了较大幅度降低,提高了供电可靠率和电压合格率.     

三相组合互感器两种检定方法的比较研究

给出了高压三相组合互感器的工作原理,并以三相组合互感器的电流单元为例先给出了其单相检定方法和试验结果。针对高压三相组合互感器的结构特点,提出了采用三相法模拟实际工作状态下对高压三相组合互感器进行检定,并给出了试验结果。由两种方法比较可知所所提出的三相法能准确检定出高压三相组合互感器中电压元件和电流元件实际运行中相互影响带来的误差,比单相检定方法更能真实反映高压三相组合互感器实际工作的真实误差情况。     

750 kV输电线路保护与三相重合闸动作的研究

750 kV输电线绝缘子能承受的过电压裕度较小,因此继电保护及自动重合闸等操作在保证系统稳定的同时,还要确保跳合闸操作不产生危及设备和绝缘子的过电压.针对750 kV输电线路分布参数特性,阐述了空载长线的电容效应及互感效应,并据此提出了线路两端继电保护的跳闸顺序及时间的配合要求.分析了产生重合过电压的原理,对750 kV线路三相重合闸操作进行了可行性分析与比较,指出单相接地故障采用三相重合闸的缺点.在理论研究与电磁暂态程序仿真的基础上,对750 kV线路两端三相重合闸的操作顺序、时间配合提出了具体的三相重合闸方案.仿真测试结果表明,所提出的三相重合闸方案更有利于750 kV输电线路的可靠供电与安全操作.     

低压配电网三相不平衡运行的影响及治理措施

我国低压配电系统大都采用三相四线制Y/Yno(Y/Y)接线方式,由于单相负载的不均衡性等原因,造成配电变压器处于三相不平衡运行状态.从电能质量的角度分析不平衡运行所造成的三相电压不平衡及其危害,详细分析和推导三相不平衡所带来的配变损耗和线路损耗,并针对低压配网的三相不平衡问题提出了管理和技术上的治理措施.     

Single-phase power supply to balanced three-phase loads through SVAr compensators

Static VAr Compensators (SVCs) can transform phase-to-phase loads into balanced three-phase loads. This paper shows that this function of SVCs is reversible; that is, SVCs can be used to supply power from a single-phase line to balanced three-phase loads. Those three-phase loads then show themselves to the single-phase line as single-phase loads with the desired power factor, even unity.     

实施高压单相配电技术显著降低配电网损耗

文章阐述了高压单相配电技术的基本原理、特征,新型单相变压器的突出性能及其在我国广大城乡配电网、居民小区推广应用的必要性;介绍了大量小区工程改造设计安装实例及其取得的显著降损效益;阐明了进一步推广应用高压单相配电技术的意义,并提出了相应建议。     

一台全绝缘单相变压器的外施耐压试验

介绍了一台220kV单相全绝缘冲击试验变压器检修后高压绕组的外施耐压试验方法.     

AC power disturbance detector circuit

The authors describe the design, construction, and performance of a circuit that detects transient disturbances on low-voltage AC supply mains. Such disturbances include reactive loads, large departures from the nominal RMS voltage, severe harmonic distortion, and outages. While this circuit was designed for use on single-phase mains, the primary side of the isolation transformer could be connected between one three-phase line and neutral. The disturbance detector circuit can be used to trigger a digital waveform recorder, as in the present application, or to operate a counter circuit to simply record the occurrence of a disturbance     

Causes and effects of unbalanced voltages serving an inductionmotor

A common requirement of a distribution system is to serve a combination of single-phase lighting loads and a three-phase induction motor. Two transformer connections for providing this combination service are the ungrounded wye-delta and the open wye-open delta. Each connection has its good points and bad points. Of concern are the three-phase voltages provided the induction motor. If the voltages are unbalanced, depending upon the degree of unbalance, the induction motor is subject to overheating. Sources of the voltage unbalance can be the unequal spacing between conductors of the primary and secondary lines, the transformer ratings and connection, and the amount of single-phase load relative to the three-phase load. This paper utilizes previously published models of the primary and secondary lines, transformer connections, and induction motors. A simple system is developed to demonstrate the voltage unbalance created by these components under normal and abnormal conditions and the effect of the resulting unbalances on the induction motor. The system model also provides an insight into the voltages that can appear across the transformer terminals during abnormal operating conditions