电子束蒸发法在Al2O3衬底上制备MgB2超导薄膜

利用电子束蒸发法在Al2O3（0001）衬底上制备MgB2超导薄膜。首先在衬底上按照1：2的原子比交替蒸发Mg和B,所形成的夹层先驱膜在150Pa纯度为99．99％的脏气氛中,在630℃的温度下原位热处理30分钟。超导薄膜的起始转变温度为30．6K,零电阻温度为30．5K。     

助剂引入方式对镍/二氧化硅催化剂结构和加氢性能的影响

采用等体积浸渍法制备了K_2O和La_2O_3改性的Ni/SiO_2催化剂.考察了K_2O和La_2O_3助刑引入方式对Ni/SiO_2催化剂催化间二硝基苯加氢制间苯二胺的影响.并用比表面积法(BET)、程序升温还原实验(TPR)和X射线衍射法(XRD)等对催化剂的结构进行了表征.结果表明,K_2O和La_2O_3的引入方式对Ni/SiO_2催化剂的物化性质和加氢性能影响明显.当K_2O、La_2O_3和Ni以共浸渍方式引入时,大大削弱载体与镍物种之间的相互作用,镍晶粒度变小,分散度增加,催化剂活性显著提高.加入催化剂1.2g、间二硝基苯40g和溶剂乙醇100mL,在3.0MPa、373K条件下反应4.5h后,间二硝基苯的转化率和间苯二胺的选择性分别达到99.8%和99.5%.     

闪蒸技术在氯化铵生产中的应用

将闪蒸技术应用于氯化铵溶液的蒸发浓缩与冷却结晶,即利用动力蒸汽通过喷射泵,使闪蒸器中氯化铵溶液压力降低,闪蒸产生水蒸气而蒸发去除水分。同时由于闪蒸水蒸气吸收溶液自身热量,从而使溶液冷却结晶析出氯化铵晶体。生产实践证明,闪蒸技术应用于氯化铵溶液蒸发与冷却结晶,彻底解决了氯化铵生产中存在的结垢问题,提高了生产效率。     

Structure and Electrical Properties of A-site-Deficient Perovskite Compounds in the La2/3TiO3-La1/3NbO3 System

The structure and electrical properties of an A-site-deficient perovskite compound found in the La_2/3TiO₃-La_1/3NbO₃ system were investigated. The composition of the perovskite compound seemed to be very close to La_0.633(Ti_0.90Nb_0.10)O₃. X-ray diffraction analysis revealed a superstructure with a doubled c -axis parameter, resulting from an ordered arrangement of the A-site cation vacancies. Impedance measurements on the compound showed that La_0.633(Ti_0.90Nb_0.10)O₃ had high ionic conductivity at relatively low temperature (<770 K) and increased electronic conduction at high temperature (>770 K). The bulk ionic conductivity was comparable with that of La_0.683(Ti_0.95Al_0.05)O₃, which has the highest ionic conductivity among the La-(Ti,Al)-O perovskite compounds.     

Fe-Al金属间化合物/Al2O3陶瓷复合材料研究

文章介绍了一种新型的Fe-Al金属间化合物/氧化铝陶瓷复合材料.该材料的抗弯强度和断裂韧性随着Fe-Al金属间化合物含量的增加而提高,但硬度降低.     

Further Enhancing Piezoelectric Properties by Adding MnO2 in AgSbO3‐Modified (Li,K,Na)(Nb,Ta)O3 Lead‐Free Piezoceramics

This work investigated the effect of MnO₂ addition on the phase structure, microstructure, and electrical properties of AgSbO₃‐modified (Li,K,Na)(Nb,Ta)O₃ (abbreviated as LKNNT‐AS) lead‐free piezoelectric ceramics with an optimized composition endowed with a state of two‐phase coexistence. A small amount (0.1 wt%) of MnO₂ can significantly further enhance the piezoelectric property of LKNNT‐AS ceramics, whose piezoelectric constant d₃₃ and converse piezoelectric coefficient d₃₃* as well as planar electromechanical coupling factor k_p reach 363 pC/N, 543 pm/V, and 0.49, respectively. The temperature stability of piezoelectricity in MnO₂‐modified LKNNT‐AS samples also improved, which is associated with the more uniform and better thermally stable ferroelectric domains that were revealed by piezoresponse force microscopy.     

K_2S_2O_8/Na_2S_2O_3引发剑麻纤维接枝的研究

采用K_2S_2O_8/Na_2S_2O_3氧化还原体系作为剑麻纤维接枝的引发剂,能够降低反应的温度,提高纤维素的接枝率和单体的转化率。文章讨论了过硫酸钾、硫代硫酸钠和反应温度对剑麻纤维接枝的影响。     

三元体系K2CO3-KHCO3-H2O289K时相平衡的研究

为利用Engel复盐法制备碳酸钾,本文研究了三元体系K2CO3-KHCO3-H2O在KHCO3在289K时的相平衡,并测定溶液密度,绘制出体系的溶解度图和溶液密度一组成关系图,通过相图研究得出三元体系的共饱点及相关性质,为最终获得生产相图奠定基础。     

KH_2PO_4-KNO_3-H_2O三元水盐体系在313.15 K条件下相图的测定和研究

采用等温溶解平衡法测定KH_2PO_4-KNO_3-H_2O三元水盐体系在313.15 K条件下的溶解度,并利用湿渣法和XRD对平衡固相进行分析和验证。根据实验数据绘制相图,相图结果表明,KH_2PO_4-KNO_3-H_2O体系的溶解度等温线有一个三元共饱和点,两条分支,将相图划分为4个区域:不饱和区、KH_2PO_4结晶区、KNO_3结晶区和KH_2PO_4-KNO_3的混合结晶区。313.15 K下的共饱和点组成为w(KH_2PO_4)7.76%、w(KNO_3)33.24%。同时,测定溶液的密度,画出三元体系溶液密度与KNO_3含量的关系图,并将实验测定的密度值与密度模型计算的密度值进行比较,验证了该密度模型的可靠性。     

Thermodynamic and Structural Properties of Sodium Lithium Niobate Solid Solutions

Thermodynamics of the Na_1−xLi _x NbO₃ system is investigated by high-temperature drop-solution calorimetry in molten 3Na₂O–4MoO₃ solvent at 973 K. Standard molar enthalpies of formation are derived. The estimated heats of transition between hypothetical and stable structures, lithium niobate and perovskite for NaNbO₃ and vice versa for LiNbO₃ are −6 kJ/mol and −10 kJ/mol, respectively. X-ray diffraction studies at room temperature showed for 0 ≤ x ≤ 0.14 there are three phases based on different ordering of the perovskite type lattice: orthorhombic with a quadrupled reduced perovskite cell at 0 ≤ x ≤ 0.02, orthorhombic with a doubled reduced perovskite cell at 0.015 ≤ x ≤ 0.14, and rhombohedral at 0.08 ≤ x ≤ 0.13. There are two two-phase (morphotropic) regions with coexistence of the two orthorhombic phases at 0.015 ≤ x ≤ 0.02 and with the second orthorhombic phase coexisting with the rhombohedral phase at 0.08 ≤ x ≤ 0.13. A reproducible anomaly in specific heat at ∼600 K, not reported previously, has been observed in pure NaNbO₃. Heat-capacity measurements confirm a phase transition at 553 K for 0.07 ≤ x ≤ 0.09. With increasing lithium concentration, a gradual disappearance of high-temperature phase transitions associated with tilting of oxygen octahedra has been observed.     

Effect of CeO2 and Al2O3 contents on Ce‐ZrO2/Al2O3 composites

Effect of CeO₂ and Al₂O₃ contents on phase composition, microstructures, and mechanical properties of Ce–ZrO₂/Al₂O₃ composites was studied. The CeO₂ content in CeO₂–ZrO₂ varied from 7 to 16 mol%, and the Al₂O₃ content in Ce‐ZrO₂/Al₂O₃ composites were 7 and 22 wt%. When CeO₂ content was ≤10 mol%, high Al₂O₃ content contributed to hinder the tetragonal‐to‐monoclinic ZrO₂ phase transformation during cooling and decrease the density of microcracks in the composites. Tetragonal ZrO₂ single‐phase was obtained in the composites with ≥12 mol% CeO₂, regardless of the Al₂O₃ content. Hardness, flexural strength, and toughness were dependent on CeO₂ and Al₂O₃ contents which were related to the microcracks, grain size, and phase transformation. The high flexural strength and toughness of the composites with 7wt% Al₂O₃ could be obtained at an optimum CeO₂ content of 12 mol%, whereas those of the composites with 22 wt% Al₂O₃ could be achieved in the wide CeO₂ content range of 8.5‐12 mol%.     

溶剂挥发速率对涂层表观的影响

本文通过不同挥发速率的溶剂及其组合对涂层表观影响的研究,解决了紫外光固化体系喷涂工艺中经常出现的针孔、点子等涂布弊病。     

烧结工艺对Ti/Al2O3复合材料性能的影响

利用放电等离子烧结技术探讨了烧结工艺对40%(体积分数)Ti/Al2O3复合材料性能的影响。实验结果表明,复合材料的性能受烧结温度的影响最为显著,过度延长保温时间会使晶粒发生异常长大,材料性能降低。烧结温度1300℃,保温时间8min制备的复合材料力学性能最佳,其弯曲强度、断裂韧性、显微硬度和相对密度分别为1002.22MPa,19.73MPa·m1/2,18.14GPa和99.74%。     

配合物起爆药的结构与性能

比较了配合物起爆药中,不同中心金属离子、不同配位体和阴离子对起爆药性能的影响。硝酸根为阴离子的起爆药的机械感度低。5-硝基四唑为配位体的起爆药的各种感度均较低,且爆热、爆容和爆速均较大,爆发点高,是高能钝感配位体。锌为中心金属离子起爆药热安定性最高。     

K2O影响Cu/ZnO催化剂CO2加氢反应性能的原因分析

运用活性评价、XRD、TPR、CO2-TPD、CO-TPD等手段,分析了K₂O影响Cu/ZnO催化剂CO₂加氢反应性能的原因。试验结果表明,甲醇收率大幅度降低的原因是CuO-ZnO催化剂经K₂O改性后,催化剂还原难度增加;提高了金属Cu的电子密度,促进了CO的歧化反应;催化剂还原后,对CO₂的吸附量大为减少。     

Pd/Na2O/K2O/γ-Al2O3三元催化活性分析与评价

本文以浸渍法制备了活性γ-Al₂O₃涂层及Pd/Na₂O/K₂O/γ-Al₂O₃三元催化剂。考察了γ-Al₂O₃涂层比表面积随高温老化时间变化的规律。在实验室模拟尾气配气系统上，对Pd/Na₂O/K₂O/γ-Al₂O₃三元催化剂的起燃温度、抗高温老化及抗SO₂中毒能力进行了分析与评价。本文的γ-Al2O3涂层能经受1050℃的高温老化。Pd/Na₂O/K₂O/γ-Al₂O₃三元催化剂经900℃高温老化两次共13h后，其最大催化活性几乎不变，其老化样经600℃硫中毒1h后对CO和HC的催化转化率仍在75％以上。Pd/Na₂O/K₂O/γ-Al₂O₃新鲜样的起燃温度为280℃，二次老化样的起燃温度为320～350℃，具有很高三元催化活性。     

Effects of Na2CO3/K2CO3 on Chemical Looping Combustion Using Fe2O3/Al2O3 as Oxygen Carrier

The performance of the Fe₂O₃/Al₂O₃ oxygen carrier modified by the alkali metals, Na and K, was studied by thermogravimetric analysis and in a laboratory-scale fluidized-bed reactor. Different factors, such as the alkali metal content, the alkali metal type, and the interaction between Na and K, were taken into account. Both Na and K had strong catalytic effects on the conversion of Fe₂O₃. A high K content caused serious agglomeration. Increasing the Na content led to slagging because of the low-melting point solid solution. The possibility of agglomeration and slagging was reduced when Na and K were added together. The oxygen carrier with 1.5 wt % Na and 1.5 wt % K had better combustion efficiency and optimal thermal stability. Na and K could enhance the attrition resistance and prolong the lifetime of the oxygen carriers.     

用磷酸二氢钙生产磷酸二氢钾的钾收率研究

研究了用磷酸二氢钙与硫酸钾复分解生产磷酸二氢钾过程中钾的损失问题.采用二次回归正交实验设计法,研究了反应温度、反应时间、磷酸二氢钙与硫酸钾摩尔比以及反应的液固比等因素对K2O收率的影响,得出了钾收率最高的优化反应条件.     

Y2O3添加量对Al2O3/ZrO2复合材料烧结行为和热机械性能的影响

研究了Y2O3添加量对Al2O3/ZrO2复合材料烧结行为和热机械性能(高温抗折强度和抗热震性)的影响,并研究了这些性能与物相组成和显微结构间的关系.结果表明:Y2O3在Al2O3/ZrO2复合材料中起稳定ZrO2晶型、改善烧结致密化、提高高温抗折强度和抗热震性的作用.当Y2O3添加量为1%时,试样的烧结性能和高温抗折强度较佳,体积密度、显气孔率和线收缩率分别为3.27 g/cm3、21.95%和7.43%,高温抗折强度达29 MPa;抗热震性则在Y2O3添加量为0.5%时较佳,其残余强度保持率为71%.Y2O3对Al2O3/ZrO2复合材料烧结性能和热机械性能的影响与Y2O3/ZrO2固溶体的形成、Al2O3和ZrO2晶体间的结合程度及试样中微裂纹含量密切相关.     

制备条件对Ni_2P/TiO_2-Al_2O_3催化剂的HDN性能影响

采用原位还原技术制备出Ni2P/TiO2-Al2O3催化剂,以喹啉为模型化合物对催化剂的加氢脱氮性能进行评价。主要考察复合载体中不同钛铝配比、不同Ni/P摩尔比对催化剂活性的影响及确定活性组分Ni2P负载量,确定该加氢脱氮催化剂最佳制备方法为:当n(Ti)/n(Al)=1/4,Ni2P负载量25%(wt)。在压力为3 MPa,体积空速为3 h-1,氢油体积比为500,反应温度为360℃的条件下,催化剂的加氢脱氮活性最高,可达98%。