硅藻土涂料在热模法离心铸造球铁管中的应用

采用硅藻土为骨料配制的悬浊液作为涂料涂覆于管模内壁生产球铁管,论述了涂料原材料选择、涂料配制、性能及合适的施涂方式。试验表明,膨润土浆持续搅拌2h,再静止10h后配制涂料;硅藻土是涂料热模法中最合适的骨料;对于小管径的管模涂料,膨润土含量高一些,硅藻土与膨润土的质量比为(8～15):1;对于大口径管模涂料,膨润土含量稍低,硅藻土与膨润土质量比为(12～20):1,另外,有气喷涂是最佳的喷涂方式。     

TiN coating on wall of holes and stitches by pulsed DC plasma enhanced CVD

1　INTRODUCTIONHardcoatingsdepositedbyplasmaenhancedchemicalvapordepositionhaveobtainedmoreinterestrecently .Sofar ,wearandcorrosion resistantcoat ingssuchasTiN ,TiCN ,TiC ,TiBN ,TiAlNcanbedepositedonvarioussubstratesbyPECVD[15] .Heimetal[6 ] investigatedthedepositionofTiAlNandTiAl NCcoatingsontoolsteelandhardmetalsubstrateinindustrialPECVD plant .Theirresultsshowedafinemorphologyandhighmicrohardnessupto 30 0 0Hvaswellasstrongadhesionof 30 4 0Nmeasuredinscratchtestcomparedwit…     

氩弧原位合成TiC颗粒增强Fe基复合层

通过在Fe基自熔合金粉末中添加一定比率的强碳化物形成元素Ti及石墨,采用氩弧熔敷法在中碳钢基体上制备原位形成的TiC颗粒增强Fe基合金复合涂层.利用扫描电镜、电子探针、X射线衍射和图像分析系统,对熔敷层显微组织及其影响因素进行了观察与分析.研究结果表明,利用氩弧熔敷技术,可以原位形成细小、弥散分布的TiC颗粒;TiC颗粒沿熔敷层深度呈梯度分布.通过调整预置涂层的厚度、熔敷工艺参数以及石墨的加入量,可以调整控制熔敷层的成形及组织与性能.     

碳含量对中频磁控溅射沉积MoCN涂层微观结构及摩擦学性能的影响

目的 为了大幅提高机械零部件表面的硬度和耐磨性能,探究制备具有低摩擦因数、高硬度和良好耐磨性的MoCN涂层。方法 采用中频磁控溅射技术在不锈钢基板和硅片上,通过控制C₂H₂气体(纯度99.99%,0、3、6、9 mL/min)的量来制备具有不同含碳量的MoCN纳米复合涂层。通过X射线衍射仪和拉曼光谱仪分析涂层主要的物相结构,采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和原子力显微镜(AFM)表征涂层的表面和断面形貌。采用连续刚度法,利用纳米压痕仪测试涂层的纳米硬度和弹性模量。利用自动划痕试验机和光学显微镜(OM)评估涂层与基体之间的黏附强度。最后利用多功能摩擦磨损试验机进行磨损试验,通过SEM对试验后的涂层进行磨损形貌分析,并对涂层的摩擦学性能进行评价。结果 涂层微观组织和力学性能表征结果表明,MoCN涂层由MoN相和非晶态碳相组成。随着涂层中碳含量的增加,涂层与基体之间的结合力和涂层表面的粗糙度都呈现逐渐减小的趋势,其涂层的划痕失效临界载荷和表面粗糙度的最小值分别为6.90 N和6.80 nm,但是涂层的纳米硬度从7.36 GPa增至10.23 GPa。摩...     

阴极等离子体电解氧化表面改性新方法探索

阴极等离子电解氧化(CPEO)打破等离子体电解领域传统认识,利用液相放电现象,使钢铁及钛基材料阴极表面快速氧化,是一种氧化膜制备新方法,提高了材料的耐磨、耐蚀性能。与微弧氧化或阳极等离子电解氧化技术相比,CPEO技术的氧化膜生长速率显著提高,并适用于各种钢铁材料表面改性。介绍了CPEO技术的基本原理,包括液相放电现象和电压电流的演变过程、气膜形成与击穿过程、阴极内部近表面温度随电压变化规律和快速氧化过程,并对比分析了CPEO与阳极等离子体电解氧化和电解渗技术原理的共性与差异。介绍了光发射谱测量和等离子体参数的计算结果,分析阴极等离子体放电环境中阴极等离子体电解氧化机制。进一步总结了碳钢、不锈钢、Mo、TiAl合金表面CPEO膜的形貌、组织结构和性能特点,分析电解液中悬浮的碳粉特性,探讨放电过程中类金刚石(DLC)成分合成的可行性,并初步制备出含DLC成分的CPEO复合氧化膜。最后总结并展望了CPEO技术的发展方向以及应用前景。     

非阀金属的等离子体电解氧化研究进展

等离子体电解氧化技术通常用于Al、Mg、Ti等阀金属表面形成高性能陶瓷层,较少涉及非阀金属。主要介绍了碳钢、铜、锌及其合金等“非阀金属”的等离子体电解氧化技术的最新进展。列举了碳钢在不同的电解液成分、电参数、氧化时间等工艺参数条件下制备所得涂层的相关性能,阐述了碳钢在等离子体电解氧化过程中绝缘膜击穿优于气膜击穿的成膜理论。分析了铜及其合金在硅酸盐、铝酸盐、磷酸盐及其混合电解液中的等离子体电解氧化行为,并探究了涂层的耐腐蚀和耐摩擦性能及形成机理。阐述了在不同的工艺参数下锌及其合金在耐腐蚀、耐摩擦、气敏传感和生物降解性的研究,并且论述了阀金属与非阀金属成膜的差异所在。最后,对非阀金属等离子体电解氧化技术后续的发展进行了展望。     

C/SiC/Si-Mo-B/glass multilayer oxidation protective coating for carbon/carbon composites

To prevent carbon/carbon (C/C) composites from oxidation, a self-sealing multilayer oxidation resistant coating including a C/SiC gradient inner layer, a Si-Mo-B middle layer and a glass exterior layer was prepared by pack cementation and slurry method. Scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction were used to analyze the microstructure and phase composition of the as-prepared coating. The isothermal and thermal shock oxidation resistance of the coating was also investigated. The results showed that the multilayer coating exhibited excellent oxidation resistance from room temperature to 1873 K. It could effectively protect C/C composites for 100 h at 1173 K and 150 h at 1873 K, and endure 40 thermal cycles between 1873 K and room temperature. The excellent oxidation and thermal shock resistance could be attributed to the gradient structure and the self-sealing property of the multilayer coating.     

Microstructure and oxidation resistance of Si–Mo–B coating for C/SiC coated carbon/carbon composites

A self-sealing Si–Mo–B oxidation resistance coating was prepared on C/SiC coated carbon/carbon (C/C) composites by slurry and high temperature treatment method. The oxidation resistance of the coating increases at 1173 K and first increases then decreases at 1873 K with the increase of B content from 0 to 20 wt.%. The C/SiC/gradient Si–Mo–B multilayer coating can protect C/C composite from oxidation for 100 h at 1173 K and 125 h at 1873 K. The good oxidation resistance of the coating in broad temperature range could be attributed to its good self-sealing property.     

稀土对渗铝层/基体界面空洞生长和抗高温剥落性能的影响

通过高温氧化实验以及测量空洞平均直径和形核数量随氧化时间的变化,研究稀土对渗铝层抗高温剥落性能和渗铝层/基体界面空洞生长的影响,并与渗纯铝试样进行了比较.结果表明:渗铝层/基体界面空洞的生长可划分为快速生长和稳定生长两个阶段;但当渗稀土铝后,空洞生长速度比渗纯铝试样降低约1/3;稀土可抑制界面空洞的形核和生长,阻止空洞聚集成波浪线状空洞带和线状裂纹,提高渗铝钢的抗高温剥落性能;热浸镀稀土铝后,试样表面自由铝层减薄,从而降低了高温下渗铝层/基体界面铝的浓度梯度,这是稀土抑制空洞形核和生长的主要原因.     

ZrO2–SiO2 gradient multilayer oxidation protective coating for SiC coated carbon/carbon composites

In order to eliminate the mismatch of thermal expansion coefficient between the ZrO₂ outer layer and the internal bonding SiC layer, ZrO₂–SiO₂ composition-gradient transition layers were prepared by a sol–gel technique using tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) and zirconyl chloride as source materials. Energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) analysis displays that the gradient composition ZrO₂–SiO₂ outer coating could be obtained by immersing the SiC precoated carbon/carbon (C/C) composites into the gradient composition zirconia-silica sols (ZS sol) in turn. Oxidation test shows that, after 10 h oxidation in air at 1773 K, the weight loss of the gradient ZrO₂–SiO₂ coating coated SiC-C/C is only 1.97%.     

Development of anodic coatings on aluminium under sparking conditions in silicate electrolyte

Spark anodizing of aluminium at 5 A dm⁻² in sodium metasilicate/potassium hydroxide electrolytes is studied, with particular emphasis on the mechanism of coating growth, using transmission electron microscopy and surface analytical techniques, with coatings typically 10 μm, or more, thick. Two-layered coatings develop by deposition of an outer layer based on amorphous silica, associated with low levels of alkali-metal species, at the coating surface and growth of an inner, mainly alumina-based, layer, with an amorphous region next to the metal/coating interface. Formation of crystalline phases in the inner layer, mainly γ-Al₂O₃, with some α-Al₂O₃ and occasional δ-Al₂O, is assisted by local heating, and possibly also by ionic migration processes, arising from the rapid coating growth at sites of breakdown. Due to local access of electrolyte species in channels created by breakdown events, the silicon content in the inner coating regions varies widely, ranging from negligible levels to about 10 at.%. Silica deposition at the coating surface and formation of Al₂SiO₅ and Al₆Si₂O₁₃ phases is promoted by increased time of anodizing and concentration of metasilicate in the electrolyte. However, at sufficiently high concentration of metasilicate and pH, when more extreme voltage fluctuations accompany breakdown, the two-layered nature of coatings is replaced by a mixture of aluminium-rich and silicon-rich regions throughout the coating thickness.     

厚壁钢管纵向缺陷的超声波探伤

当管子壁厚与外径之比大于0.2时,通常的横波法不能有效地发现内壁缺陷。采用使入射角小于第一临界角的办法,利用折射纵波在管子外壁反射时产生波型转换所得到的横波探测内壁缺陷;也可利用折射纵波扫查外壁缺陷,但探测灵敏度偏低。试验利用两路变型波的叠加来探测外壁缺陷,达到了使内、外壁缺陷的探测灵敏度基本一致的目的。     

涂层结构对Cr2O3涂层组织和性能的影响

采用等离子喷涂技术制备了3种结构的Cr2O3陶瓷涂层，即双层涂层，3层涂层和5层梯度涂层。探讨了涂层结构对涂层组织、抗拉结合强度、抗热震性和耐磨损性能的影响。结果表明，在涂层总厚度相同的条件下，采用多层复合涂层可提高Cr2O3涂层的结合强度、耐磨性和抗热冲击性，其中，5层结构涂层的综合性能最佳。涂层微观组织观察和显微硬度测试结果发现，5层结构涂层从基体到陶瓷层，涂层成分逐渐变化，具有梯度材料的特征。试验表明采用等离子喷涂技术可以制备梯度涂层。     

激光熔覆WC-Ni基超硬梯度复合涂层的组织与性能

利用激光宽带熔覆技术在45钢表面制备了WC-Ni基超硬梯度复合涂层.对激光熔覆层用SEM、EDS、XRD进行观察和分析.对比研究了单一熔覆层、梯度熔覆层的熔覆层形貌、缺陷状态、硬度及其分布.结果表明,单一熔覆层易出现宏观裂纹、界面处熔合差等缺陷;梯度激光熔覆层逐级过渡的结合形式缓解了应力集中,使应力合理分布.在优化的工艺参数下,通过连续控制微观结构要素,可以实现成分、组织的梯度变化,获得无气孔、无裂纹的梯度熔覆涂层.其中,梯度熔覆层组织主要是由γ-Ni、WC等相组成,涂层的硬度值从熔覆层至基体呈梯度降低趋势,外层平均硬度可达2000 HV0.1以上.     

基于直流电位梯度法的滩浅海海底管道外防腐层破损检测技术研究

目的介绍基于直流电位梯度法的滩浅海海底管道外防腐层破损检测的研究思路及所开发的配套的检测设备。方法通过模拟检测实验,考察了直流电位梯度检测方法在海底管道外防腐层破损检测中的可行性、检测装置运行及测量功能的适用性。结果模拟检测实验实现了滩浅海海底管道外防腐层破损的有效检测,且不受海底管道正常填埋的影响,可实现管道外防腐层8 mm×8 mm(8 m V/m)以上破损的非接触式检测。结论基于直流电位梯度法的滩浅海海底管道外防腐层破损检测技术可行。可以利用所研发的检测装置,通过海底管道沿线电位梯度的测量,判断管道外防腐层破损及牺牲阳极块位置,从而为管道的运行维护提供技术支持。     

涂层梯度液相烧结的原理和显微组织

讨论了均匀粉末压坯烧结时因热传而产生的温度分布存在的时间和空间上的异步现象,阐明了涂层烧结时梯度设计的必要性。分析了喷涂层梯度液相烧结的基本条件,并观察了其显微组织及其结合性能,结果表明,采用梯度设计可实现涂层稳定成形所需的液相烧结,避免了常规液相烧结时涂层的粘弹性流动。显微组织中氧化物有球化趋势,表导存在明显固-液相分界线,基材界面出现了冶金结合。     

Preparation and mechanism of calcium phosphate coatings on chemical modified carbon fibers by biomineralization

In order to prepare HA coatings on the carbon fibers, chemical modification and biomineralization processes were applied. The phase components, morphologies, and possible growth mechanism of calcium phosphate were studied by infrared spectrosenpy（IR）, X-ray diffractometry（XRD） and scanning electron microsenpy（SEM）. The results show that calcium phosphate coating on carbon fibers can be obtained by biomineralization. But the phase components and morphologies of calcium phosphate coatings are different due to different modification methods. Plate-like CaHPO4·2H2O （DCPD） crystals grow from one site of the active centre by HNO3 treatment. While on the para-aminobenzoic acid treated fibers, the coating is composed of nano-structural HA crystal homogeneously. This is because the -COOH functional groups of para-aminobenzoic acid graft on fibers, with negative charge and arranged structure, accelerating the HA crystal nucleation and crystallization on the carbon fibers.     

反应压力对炭纤维表面SiC涂层制备及组织结构的影响

以硅粉为硅源,采用原位反应法在炭纤维表面制备了SiC涂层,并研究了反应压力对SiC涂层的制备、组织结构及抗氧化性能的影响。结果表明：常压下制备的涂层疏松多孔,表面有较多的SiC纳米线,而负压下制备的涂层致密均匀。静态氧化测试表明：与常压下制备的SiC涂层相比,负压下制备的SiC涂层抗氧化性能更好,主要是由于涂层致密均匀,能够更好地阻隔氧气的扩散。根据实验结果,探讨了反应压力对SiC涂层生长机理的影响。常压下,沉积粒子能量低,难以克服遮蔽效应,因此易形成疏松多孔的涂层;而负压下,沉积粒子能量高,表面扩散率高,易形成致密均匀的涂层。     

钛合金表面等离子喷涂制备ZrO2─Ti系功能梯度涂层

研究了等离子喷涂法制备ＺｒＯ２Ｔｉ系功能梯度涂层。结果表明，采用等离子喷涂工艺制备功能梯度涂层是可行的，涂层与基体除以机械咬合方式结合外，还存在着少量冶金化学反应结合，添加Ｎｉ／Ａｌ和ＳｉＯ２有助于提高涂层的结合强度     

打底层对铝合金表面GLC镀层组织和摩擦学特性的影响

采用非平衡磁控溅射离子镀技术在铝合金表面分别制备了以Cr和Al为打底层,Cr-C和A1-Cr-C为过渡层的Cr/Cr C/类石墨碳(GLC)和Al/Al-Cr-C/GLC复合镀层,并与无打底层制备GLC镀层对比,系统研究了不同镀层微观结构、膜基结合力及摩擦学性能,结果表明,铝合金基体表面Cr打底层呈柱状晶生长,Cr/C过渡层无柱状晶特征,且随过渡层增厚,富Cr区域减少,实现了成分的梯度变化:A1打底层与铝合金基体间为一个整体,没有明显界面;Al Cr-C过渡层的成分也呈梯度变化;采用不同打底层和过渡层时.GLC层均为非晶态结构.较无打底层制备GLC镀层,Cr/Cr-C/GLC和Al/Al-Cr-C/GLC复合镀层与铝合金基底间的膜基结合力显著增强,以Al为打底层的复合镀层的失效临界载荷最大.磨损实验中,在不同载荷条件下2种复合镀层均具有低的摩擦系数.