PP／POE／纳米CaCO3复合材料流变性能的研究

研究了聚丙烯/聚烯烃热塑性弹性体/纳米CaCO3(PP/POE/纳米CaCO3)复合材料的流变性能,探讨了纳米CaCO3、POE添加量、剪切速率和温度对复合材料黏度的影响。实验数据显示,在较低剪切速率下,随纳米CaCO3添加量的增加,体系熔体黏度增加;在较高剪切速率下,随纳米CaCO3添加量的增加,体系黏度降低;增加POE添加量,复合体系的熔体黏度增大;纳米CaCO3的加入使复合体系的非牛顿指数减小,非牛顿性增强。PP/POE/纳米CaCO3(100/10/10质量份数,下同)体系具有高流动性,熔体流动速率达19.58g/10min。     

CaCO3／CPE／PP三元复合材料的性能研究

分别研究了CPE和SBS对聚丙烯性能的影响,CPE使PP的熔融指数略有下降,CPE含量为10％时,CPE／PP的冲击和拉伸强度分别比纯聚丙烯提高了108％和12％;进一步研究了微米CaCO3和纳米CaCO3对CPE／PP复合材料性能的影响,微米CaCO3使CPE／PP的拉伸强度提高,但冲击强度降低;纳米CaCO3对CPE／PP同时具有增强和增韧作用,当纳米CaCO3含量为8％时,CaCO3／CPE／PP三元复合材料的综合力学性能较好。     

PLA协同纳米CaCO3增韧PP的研究

通过熔融共混制得聚丙烯/聚乳酸/纳米碳酸钙（PP/PLA/CaCO3）复合材料,考察了PLA和纳米CaCO3对复合材料力学性能、热性能、流变性能与结晶形态的影响及其作用机理。结果表明,复合材料中形成连续空间网络结构的PLA有助于改善PP的性能,PLA含量为20 %（质量分数,下同）时复合材料综合力学性能最佳;与纯PP相比,加入PLA后的复合材料拉伸强度和冲击强度分别提高5.1 %和54.4 %,断裂伸长率降低62.5 %;纳米CaCO3通过“滚珠增韧”和“异相成核”作用明显改善复合材料力学性能,纳米CaCO3含量15 %时产生的晶粒细化作用效果最为显著,复合材料综合力学性能达到最佳,拉伸强度、断裂伸长率和冲击强度分别比未添加CaCO3时提升了15.2 %、2.7 %和5.6 %。     

短玻纤和连续玻纤增强聚丙烯复合材料的性能比较研究

文分别研究了短玻纤和连续玻纤增强聚丙烯复合材料的性能,讨论了增容剂即马来酸酐接枝聚丙烯(PP-g-MAH)含量、玻纤含量、挤出工艺、玻纤长度等因素对玻纤增强聚丙烯性能的影响。结果表明,PP-g-MAH的加入增强了界面粘接强度,显著提高玻纤增强聚丙烯复合材料的力学性能;适当提高挤出温度和降低螺杆转速可提高玻璃纤维增强聚丙烯复合材料的力学性能;连续玻纤增强聚丙烯复合材料的力学性能大大优于短玻纤增强聚丙烯复合材料的力学性能。     

微发泡PP/GF复合材料力学性能研究

采用化学发泡注塑成型的方法制备了微发泡聚丙烯/玻璃纤维(PP/GF)复合材料;结合成核理论和玻纤增强机理,研究了发泡质量对微发泡PP/GF复合材料力学性能的影响。结果表明:在PP/GF复合材料中添加5.0%纳米SiO2后,纳米SiO2对PP与GF的相容性并无太大影响,微孔发泡PP/GF复合材料的拉伸强度和冲击强度得到较大提高。     

增韧剂/纳米CaCO3并用对聚丙烯共混体系力学性能的影响

研究了不同的增韧剂（EPDM、HDPE、LDPE和SBS）对聚丙烯共混物力学性能的影响,EPDM含量为15％时,共混物的拉伸强度下降较小,冲击强度比纯聚丙烯提高450％。采用正交实验法,研究了纳米CaCO3和EPDM并用对PP共混物力学性能的影响,含量6％的纳米CaCO3具有增强和增韧作用;纳米CaCO3与EPDM并用能协同增强聚丙烯;PP／EPDM／纳米CaCO3的质量比为74／20／6时,聚丙烯共混体系的综合力学性能较好。     

纳米ZnO/PP及ZnO/CaCO_3/PP复合材料的性能研究

用纳米氧化锌(ZnO)与聚丙烯(PP)通过熔融共挤制得了ZnO/PP纳米复合材料,研究了ZnO/PP纳米复合材料的力学、流变学性能与纳米ZnO添加量之间的关系;同时制备了ZnO/CaCO3/PP三元纳米复合材料并对其进行了机械性能和制备成本分析。结果表明:ZnO/PP纳米复合材料的力学性能随纳米ZnO添加量的增加表现出冲击韧性先升后降,拉伸强度变化不敏感的特点;纳米CaCO3的加入不但可以降低生产成本,而且可以显著改善体系的冲击韧性;材料的拉伸破坏属于韧性断裂过程。     

2005年中国聚丙烯研发与应用论文题录(上半年)

等通道转角挤出制备自增强等规聚丙烯的结构与性能研究,聚丙烯发泡体系粘度预测模型的确立,PP／POE／纳米CaCO3复合材料流变性能的研究,PP／SBS／纳米CaCO3复合材料结构与性能研究,聚丙烯基杂化材料的动态力学性能与流变行为.     

反应改性纳米CaCO3／PP复合材料的力学性能研究

利用反应性单体甲基丙烯酸（MA）接枝聚丙烯（PP）后，二步法制备了反应改性纳米CaCO3／PP复合材料。研究了复合材料的力学性能，并用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）观察了复合材料经液氮冷却脆断后断面的形态。结果表明，甲基丙烯酸接枝聚丙烯（MAPP）加入后与CaCO3反应使MAPP与纳米CaCO3微聚体之间产生离子键作用，使纳米／PP复合材料的力学性能得到大幅提升，对冲击性能的改善尤为明显。充分控制的MA反应量比单独依靠MAPP增容能够更为有效地提高纳米CaCO3的分散性和界面黏结性。     

PP／POE／纳米CaCO3复合材料力学性能研究

研究了PP/POE／纳米CaCO3复合材料的力学性能、脆-韧转变规律及其与纳米CaCO3含量、分散相POE粒径的关系。结果表明：含4份CaCO3的PP/POE／纳米CaCO3复合体系，达到脆-韧转变所需的弹性体POE量最少。纳米CaCO3的添加还可以提高复合材料的弯曲模量，在增韧的同时提高材料的刚性。研究发现PP／POE／纳米CaCO3三元体系的基体层厚度与脆-韧转变的关系符合逾渗定理。     

Preparation and properties of poly(Nε,Nε-dicarboxymethyl-l-lysine)

A new ampholytic homopolypeptide, $\text{poly}\text{(N}{}^{\mathrm{\epsilon }}\text{,N}{}^{\mathrm{\epsilon }}\text{-}\text{dicarboxy-methyl-}\text{l}\text{-lysine}\text{)}$, which has one tertiary amino and two carboxyl groups in the side chain has been derived from a hydrochloride salt of poly(L-lysine). The polymer in aqueous solution seems to be in the coil form with locally extended structure (LES) at neutral pH. In both the acidic and alkaline regions, the molar ellipticity of the polymer changes as a result of change in net charge on the side chain. The conformational changes may be from the coil with LES to other coiled forms. 5–7 M NaClO₄ and 80% aqueous methanol induce the α-helix in the polymer at neutral pH. Divalent cations, Cu²⁺ and Ca²⁺, do not induce any remarkably ordered structures such as α-helix or β-structure in the polymer in aqueous solution at any pH. Ultraviolet absorption studies show an absorption peak of the polymer-Cu²⁺ complex near 240 nm. Dependence of the peak intensity on pH at various q values ($\text{q =}\text{[}\text{Cu}{}^{\mathrm{2+}}\text{]}\text{[}\text{residue}\text{]}$) indicates the two steps of the complex formation. At q less than 0.64, the formation is described only with the first step. An average coordination number for Cu²⁺ at the first step was calculated to be about 2 by the method of Mandel and Leyte. The association constant of Cu²⁺ with the residue at the step was determined from the absorption data to be far smaller than that for the Cu²⁺-EDTA complex. The second step of the formation occurs in the case of large q but the absorption data for the second step cannot be obtained exactly due to precipitation.     

Wet Milling of Fe/Al/Al2O3 and Fe2O3/Al/Al2O3 Powder Mixtures

Wet milling of Al₂O₃-aluminide alloy (3A) precursor powders in acetone has been investigated by milling Fe/Al/Al₂O₃ and Fe₂O₃/Al/Al₂O₃ powder mixtures. The influence of the milling process on the physical and chemical properties of the milled powders has been studied. Particle refinement and homogenization were found not to play a dominant role, whereas plastic deformation of the metal particles leads to the formation of dislocations and a highly disarranged polycrystalline structure. Although no chemical reactions among the powder components in Fe₂O₃/Al/Al₂O₃ powder mixtures were observed, the formation of a nanocrystalline, ordered intermetallic FeAl phase in Fe/Al/Al₂O₃ powder mixtures caused by mechanical alloying was detected. Chemical reactions of Fe and Al particle surfaces with the atmosphere and the milling media lead to the formation of highly porous hydroxides on the particle surfaces. Hence the specific surface area of the powders increases, while the powder density decreases during milling. The fraction of Fe oxidized during milling was determined to be 0.13. The fraction of Al oxidized during milling strongly depends on the metal content of the powder mixture. It ranges between 0.4 and 0.8.     

Participation of lewis base on vinyl chloride polymerization with Al(C2H5)3CCl4 catalyst system

The polymerization of vinyl chloride has been investigated using an $\text{Al}\text{(}\text{C}{}_2\text{H}{}_5\text{)}{}_3\text{CCl}{}_4$ catalyst system in the presence of various Lewis bases. Effective Lewis bases are γ-butyrolactone, diglyme and diethylenetriamine which are multidentate. The rate of polymerization is dependent not only on the basicity of the Lewis base used but also on a coordination number of one. The latter is the predominant factor. For the effect of polymeric amines, a tentative hypothesis is discussed.     

Sintering of Si3N4-Y2O3-Al2O3

Sintering kinetics of the system Si₃N4-Y2O₃-Al₂O3 were determined from measurements of the linear shrinkage of pressed disks sintered isothermally at 1500° to 1700°C. Amorphous and crystalline Si₃N₄ were studied with additions of 4 to 17 wt% Y₂O₃ and 4 wt% A1₂O₃. Sintering occurs by a liquid-phase mechanism in which the kinetics exhibit the three stages predicted by Kingery's model. However, the rates during the second stage of the process are higher for all compositions than predicted by the model. X-ray data show the presence of several transient phases which, with sufficient heating, disappear leaving mixtures of β ' -Si₃N₄ and glass or β '-Si₃N₄, α '-Si₃N₄, and glass. The compositions and amounts of the residual glassy phases are estimated.     

Synthesis and Characterization of Ti0.33Ta0.33Nb0.33C and Ti0.33Ta0.33Nb0.33CxN1-x Whiskers

Ta_0.33Ti_0.33Nb_0.33C and Ta_0.33Ti_0.33Nb_0.33C _x N_{1− x} whiskers were synthesized via a carbothermal vapor-liquid-solid growth mechanism in the temperature range 900°-1450°C in Ar or N₂. The optimum temperature was 1250°C. Whiskers were obtained in a yield of 70-90 vol%. The whiskers were 0.5–1 µm in diameter and 10–30 µm in length. The starting materials that produced the highest whisker yield were: TiO₂, Ta₂O₅, Nb₂O₅, C, Ni, and NaCl. C was added to reduce the oxides, and Ni to catalyze whisker growth. NaCl was used as a source of Cl for vapor-phase transportation of Ta and Nb oxochlorides and Ti chlorides to the catalyst. The catalyst metal was recycled several times during the synthesis and was transported as NiCl₂( g ) according to thermodynamic calculations. The rate of formation and the chemical composition of the whiskers depended on the synthesis temperature, the choice of catalyst, and the atmosphere. At low temperatures, the whiskers were enriched in Nb and Ta, whereas the Ti content increased with increased synthesis temperature.