聚合物陶瓷先驱体材料的合成与应用

概述了作为陶瓷先驱体的四种聚合物f聚碳硅烷(PCS)、聚硅氮烷(PSZ)、聚硼氮烷(PBZ)以及聚硅氧烷(PSO)]的合成与应用,介绍了国内外对该类材料研究的最新进展,并针对先驱体裂解转化陶瓷工艺所存在的局限性以及不足,提出了今后的发展方向.     

陶瓷先驱体聚硅烷的合成及应用

聚硅烷是一类链骨架中仅含硅原了的高聚物,作为陶瓷前驱体,经高温裂解制得碳化砖陶瓷材料足其用途之一。奉义对陶瓷先驱体聚硅烷的合成和应用的近期发展做了简要概述。     

Si-Al-C-N陶瓷先驱体研究进展

Si-Al-C-N陶瓷具有较好的耐高温、抗氧化以及抗蠕变等性能。综述了近年来Si-Al-C-N陶瓷先驱体及其裂解陶瓷的研究进展,介绍了合成Si-Al-C-N先驱体的3种主要方法及相应先驱体及其裂解陶瓷的性能,并对今后的研究方向做出了展望。     

纤维用含硼SiC陶瓷先驱体的研究进展

综述了硅硼碳(SiBC)先驱体、硅硼碳氧(SiBCO)先驱体和硅硼碳氮(SiBCN)先驱体等纤维用含硼碳化硅(SiC)陶瓷先驱体的合成方法,分析了不同陶瓷先驱体的组成、结构和性能,比较了几种合成含硼SiC先驱体方法的优缺点,提出了纤维用含硼SiC陶瓷先驱体的合成新思路。     

先驱体转化法制备连续纤维增韧陶瓷基复合材料的研究进展

介绍了先驱体转化法制备连续纤维增强陶瓷基复合材料的研究现状,简要综述了聚碳硅烷、聚硅氮烷、聚硅氧烷3种先驱体的研究现状以及增强纤维的种类。分析了陶瓷基复合材料的应用现状和今后的研究方向。     

先驱体转化法制备泡沫陶瓷的发展现状

泡沫陶瓷由于具有一系列优异的性能,使得其应用范围越来越广泛,其制备方法也在不断地发展.先驱体转化法制备泡沫陶瓷是20世纪末才出现的一种新型工艺.它具有制备温度低、陶瓷组成和结构町设计、容易成型复杂构件等优点,成为目前泡沫陶瓷制备方法中的一个研究热点.根据泡沫陶瓷制备过程中成孔原理的不同,先驱体转化法制备泡沫陶瓷大致町以分为三类:(1)直接发泡法;(2)有机泡沫浸渍法;(3)添加造孔剂法.本文详细地介绍了由这三类先驱体转化法制备泡沫陶瓷的研究现状,并分析了其优缺点以及亟待解决的问题.     

氮化硼陶瓷先驱体研究进展

本文综述了多种氮化硼陶瓷先驱体的合成路径、合成机理、分子结构特点、物理化学特性,以及其陶瓷化过程和陶瓷产物特性.综述了当前各类先驱体的优点和存在的主要问题,展望了氮化硼先驱体今后的发展方向.并介绍了它们在先驱体转化法制备氮化硼纤维、涂层以及复合材料等方面的应用情况.     

陶瓷先驱体催化裂解研究进展

有机聚合物衍生陶瓷技术具有聚合物分子可设计性强、成型容易和制备温度低等优点,已经成为陶瓷及其复合材料的主要制备技术之一。裂解是陶瓷先驱体实现从有机到无机转化的关键步骤,对目标陶瓷的组成、结构和性能有着决定性的影响。在陶瓷先驱体中添加过渡金属进行催化裂解,可以改变其裂解行为,进而调控和拓展裂解产物的结构和性能。本文从不同过渡金属对陶瓷先驱体的催化裂解作用入手,总结了陶瓷先驱体催化裂解的研究现状,探讨了催化机理,并就后续深化研究与应用提出了发展建议。     

先驱体转化法制备多孔陶瓷的研究现状

多孔陶瓷作为重要的陶瓷材料,广泛应用于冶金、化工等众多领域,其制备工艺的改进一直是研究重点。先驱体转化法是20世纪末提出的制备多孔陶瓷新型工艺,利用陶瓷先驱体高温裂解产生气体的特性,可将其作为粘结剂、骨料、发泡剂制备多孔陶瓷,具有成型工艺简单,烧成温度低等特点,拥有广泛的应用前景。本文主要从以上几个方面简要介绍先驱体转化法制备多孔陶瓷的工艺、结构和性能的研究现状。     

碳化硅陶瓷先驱体聚甲基硅烷的研究进展

介绍了聚甲基硅烷的主要合成方法和性能,特别是其反应活性和高温热裂解性能.综述了聚甲基硅烷及其改性先驱体应用于制备碳化硅纤维、碳化硅基复合材料、多孔陶瓷材料等领域的研究进展.聚甲基硅烷作为碳化辞陶瓷先驱体,其制备简单、热解产物接近碳化硅的化学计量比,具有广阔的应用前景.未来该领域的研究重点是聚甲基硅烷的规模化合成,低成本改性聚甲基硅烷先驱体研究,聚甲基硅烷系列复合先驱体的制备等.     

SiOC Ceramic Foams through Melt Foaming of a Methylsilicone Preceramic Polymer

A process for the production of SiOC ceramic foams has been for the first time developed through melt foaming of a siloxane preceramic polymer with the help of a blowing agent, followed by pyrolysis under an inert atmosphere. The raw material consisted of a methylsilicone resin, a catalyst (which accelerated the cross-linking reaction of the silicone resin) and a blowing agent (which generated gas above 210°C). Methylsilicone resin foams were obtained through controlling the melt viscosity around 210°C, temperature where the blowing agent started to decompose, by varying the initial molecular weight of the preceramic polymer and the amount of the catalyst. The obtained SiOC ceramic foams exhibited excellent oxidation stability up to 1000°C, as shown by thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA). As expected, the mechanical properties of the SiOC ceramic foams varied as a function of their bulk density, possessing a flexural strength up to 5.5 MPa and a compression strength up to 4.5 MPa. The main steps in the process, namely foaming and pyrolysis, were analyzed in detail. The viscosity change was analyzed as a function of temperature by the dynamic shear measurement method. The pyrolysis process of foams was analyzed by TGA coupled with infrared spectroscopy (IR).     

新型高性能陶瓷成型法的研究

探讨了一种新的非化学反应直接凝聚固化成型方法。利用高分子电解质分散剂可以制备固体含量高、流动性良好的陶瓷泥浆。这种泥浆注入非多孔性模具后 ,无需生物酶催化反应 ,只需将温度升至70～80℃ ,泥浆便由分散状态转为凝聚状态 ,泥浆即达到固化成型。这种方法具有工艺简单、容易控制的特点 ,并且可以获得高致密、高均匀性的陶瓷成型体。通过对氧化铝 -高分子电解质 -水系统的吸附及流动特性进行的系统的研究 ,提出了覆盖率理论 ,解释了用经典的DLVO理论难以解释的胶体稳定性与温度敏感特性之间的关系     

Preparation of ultra-high temperature SiC–TiB2 nanocomposites from a single-source polymer precursor

SiC–TiB₂ ceramic nanocomposites are valuable ultra-high temperature materials, which are rarely prepared from preceramic polymers. In this work, we synthesized SiC–TiB₂ nanocomposites from a new preceramic polymer called titanium- and boron-modified polycarbosilane (TB–PCS). The polymer structure was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The structure, composition, and morphology of the resulting ceramic products were investigated by FT-IR, X-ray diffraction, and transmission electron microscopy. The elements of titanium and boron were incorporated into the preceramic polymer, and nanoscale TiB₂ and β-SiC grains generated in situ were detected in the pyrolyzed ceramic products at temperatures higher than 1400 °C. The new preceramic polymer presents a novel approach to preparing SiC–TiB₂ nanocomposites.     

高聚物对陶瓷料浆性能的影响机理

本文根据陶瓷料浆的三种稳定机制（静电稳定机制、空间位阻稳定机制、空缺稳定机制）,详细阐述了高分子聚合物对浆料的不同作用机理,同时,从对陶瓷原料粒子表面改性的角度出发,介绍几种陶瓷粉体表面改性技术用以制备出稳定、均匀及高固相含量的陶瓷料浆。     

3D-printing of polymer‐derived SiCN ceramic matrix composites by digital light processing

In this study, we present a DLP 3D-printing strategy for the fabrication of SiCN ceramic matrix composites (CMCs). The polysilazane-based preceramic polymer containing inert fillers was UV-cured into a green body and then converted to SiCN CMCs after pyrolysis. The introduced fillers (Si₃N₄ particles and Si₃N₄ whiskers) as reinforcements are well dispersed in the matrix, which can not only effectively reduce the linear shrinkage and weight loss, but also greatly improve the mechanical properties of the SiCN CMCs. The bending strength of the SiCN CMCs reinforced with 10 wt% Si₃N₄ whiskers (without surface polished) reached 180.7 ± 15.6 MPa. Furthermore, the effect of fillers content on microstructure and porosity of the SiCN CMCs are discussed, and it was found that the excessive fillers led to increased pore defects and decreased continuity of the matrix, thereby reducing the mechanical properties of the SiCN CMCs. This strategy provides a promising ceramic manufacturing technique to fabricate polymer‐derived CMCs with complex-shaped and high-performance for potential demanding applications.     

5YSZ陶瓷基体的成型及烧结收缩率调节

为了提高5YSZ陶瓷基体的致密度和调节其烧结收缩率,通过流延法成型,优化了分散剂、消泡剂、球磨时间、固含量和胶含量。优化的条件为:分散剂含量0.9%,消泡剂含量0.63%,球磨时间22h+22h,固含量64%,胶含量29%。在优化的条件下,浆料分散均匀,生瓷带无气泡,5YSZ陶瓷基体烧结致密,且与Al2O3印刷层共烧良好。     

XPS and AFM Study of Interaction of Organosilane and Sizing with E-Glass Fibre Surface

Organosilanes are often used in commercial sizings for glass fibres to provide wettability with the resin and promote strong interfacial adhesion to the matrix in a fibre reinforced polymer composite. The silane treatment is introduced as part of a complex deposition from an aqueous emulsion immediately at the spinaret and determines the optimum properties of the cured composite. To understand the interaction of organosilanes contained in sizings for glass surfaces, XPS was used to investigate the adsorption of γ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APS) from a simple sizing system containing a polyurethane (PU) film former. It has been found that both APS and the sizing (containing APS and PU) deposits on E-glass fibre surfaces contained components of differing hydrolytic stability. The differences observed in the AFM images of APS coated E-glass fibres before and after water extraction also confirmed that the APS deposit contained components with different water solubility.     

XPS and AFM Study of Interaction of Organosilane and Sizing with E-Glass Fibre Surface

Organosilanes are often used in commercial sizings for glass fibres to provide wettability with the resin and promote strong interfacial adhesion to the matrix in a fibre reinforced polymer composite. The silane treatment is introduced as part of a complex deposition from an aqueous emulsion immediately at the spinaret and determines the optimum properties of the cured composite. To understand the interaction of organosilanes contained in sizings for glass surfaces, XPS was used to investigate the adsorption of γ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APS) from a simple sizing system containing a polyurethane (PU) film former. It has been found that both APS and the sizing (containing APS and PU) deposits on E-glass fibre surfaces contained components of differing hydrolytic stability. The differences observed in the AFM images of APS coated E-glass fibres before and after water extraction also confirmed that the APS deposit contained components with different water solubility.