Agricultural landscapes

Estimates of the levels of atmospheric pollution may be made by recording the presence or absence of common sensitive indicator species. The results of a simple survey might extend the range of plant material thought to be suitable for use in an urban area. Research by the author suggests however that some of the sensitive indicator species used seem to respond not only to sulphur dioxide but to proximity to busy roads, and there may be implications not only in the use of airpollution indicator species near roads, but in terms of roadside environmental conditions in general.     

Human impact on rural landscapes in central and northern Europe

To analyse human influences on rural landscapes in present-day central and northern Europe and also to investigate sustainable landscape development concepts, an IALE (International Association for Landscape Ecology) regional Conference on ‘Perspectives of Rural Landscapes in Europe' was held in Pärnu, Estonia on 20–27 June 1996. The conference was undertaken specifically to exchange information between planners, managers, decision makers and scientists in the region. In the last few years, rural landscapes in Europe have changed significantly. Due to restructuring of agriculture in the European Union (EU) countries and radical socio-economic changes in eastern and central Europe, landscape change will continue. This stimulates interest for landscape ecologists to study the processes connected with such rapid development and to analyse its socio-economic and ecological consequences. Different conference findings that resulted from six keynote speeches, 33 oral presentations, 21 posters and organised excursions (1-day conference excursion and 4-day post-conference excursion) are presented here. Thirteen papers published as part of this special issue of Landscape and Urban Planning, and summarised here, deal with general and methodological principles of the analysis of land use changes and related landscape evaluation, and also present case studies on land use changes from Estonia, Germany and Sweden.     

城市景观水质污染现状及对策研究

随着社会不断发展和人们生活条件不断改善,越来越多的城市景观水体美化了城市,同时越来越多的水景进入人们的日常生活,从城市景观水污染的现状着手,分析城市景观水污染的原因,提出了适宜居住区景观水质污染防治的几种策略与建议,以保障附近居民的正常生活。     

The river landscapes of London and the Thames catchment: their status and future

Recent river landscape assessments of the eastern part of the Thames catchment have enabled a better understanding of their landscape status and value. These rivers have formed the focal point for human settlement and have been extensively affected by their use. Flood defence through channelization and surfacing of the watercourses has been highly detrimental to their landscape quality. Flooding has itself been exacerbated by catchment urbanization and by land drainage systems. The issues affecting the landscape planning and design of river systems are examined and suggestions made as to how they can be addressed.     

Arabian landscapes and Islam

The Koran, which is Allah's revelation to Muslims, uses many similes, metaphors and parables based upon the desolate landscapes of Arabia. In doing so, the Koran places man in his context amongst Allah's creation and demands his subservience to Allah's will.     

Vegetational changes in upland landscapes

In Sacramento an area of gardens managed by the community are compared to an adjacent public city park. The activities performed in, and the perceptions of, these places are found to be quite different. The detailed results of this research will be published in Landscape Journal in Fall 1987.     

Geological factors of the Guadalajara landscapes (Central Spain) and their relevance to landscape studies

The landscapes of a territory are the consequence of its history; overlapped geological, vegetable and cultural histories usually exist on a landscape. At the Mediterranean domain, however, a translucent vegetation exists, and its history is closely related to the geologic and cultural histories, because low-technology agricultural uses on a different hardness rock background control vegetation. Thus, in areas like the Guadalajara province, the geologic composition and the human activities can be considered the primary conditions for landscape configuration. Both condition the typologies, distribution and relative importance of the geotic, biotic and anthropogenic components of landscapes. A complex network of interrelations among all them exists but, in the base of which lie the geology of the territory, included relief, because it has a more independent influence since man cannot modify the geologic factors; such as the colour of the rocks, the size and distribution of rock bodies, the palaeogeographic domains and the tectonic structure all which control landscape development and configuration. Moreover, geology influences conditions and even limit, the presence, typologies and development of the biotic and anthropogenic elements. These factors also have a major relevance for environmental management, educational and economic policy, and, in some cases, for environmental impact assessment.     

基于景观三元论的园林建筑与植物造景分析

以江南古典园林为例,基于同济大学刘滨谊教授的景观三元论：视觉景观形象,环境生态绿化,大众行为心理,对古典园林中建筑形制与植物的关系进行了深入研究,以期指导现代的景观设计。     

景观世界中的植物色彩

针对植物在景观设计中的重要性,探讨了植物色彩搭配产生的不同效果及对人的心理影响,并对植物色彩在景观设计中的应用进行了阐述,指出在景观设计中需考虑建筑、场地、人等多种因素,才能创造出色彩和谐,优美舒适的景观环境。