孔径径向扫描白光散斑干涉法的研究

提出了一种用于动态研究的新方法-孔径径向扫描白光散斑干涉法,介绍了两孔和直三孔径向扫描器.该方法是一种非接触式的用于动态测量的白光散斑法.分析了孔径径向扫描白光散斑干涉法的基本原理,给出了白光散斑全场滤波分析的平均光强解析式和实验结果.该方法的优点是利用散斑的调频技术能在一张白光散斑图上记录物体的连续动态变形的信息,在全场滤波分时,能将物体动态变形的信息方便地提取出来,得到清晰的全场白光散斑条纹图.直三孔径向扫描法能得到物体在x方向、y方向和45°方向上的变形信息.在实时全场滤波分析观察时,将滤波孔连续地沿径向扫描,可观察到物体连续动态变形的全过程,从而为物体的动态研究提供了一种新方法.     

使用莫尔条纹技术测量物体表面的轮廓及形变

激光 ,这种具有优良相干性的新光源的发明 ,使古老的光学焕发出青春活力 ,成为当代最活跃的研究科学之一。干涉度量学也获得新的发展 ,激光光源的引入不仅使经典干涉技术开拓了测试范围 ,提高了测量精度 ,而且由于激光技术带动了全息、散斑技术的进展 ,引入了一种新的获取相干光波的技术———二次曝光技术 ,研制出许多种不同经典干涉仪的新型干涉仪 ,拓宽了干涉度量学的概念。传统的经典干涉仪只能检测透明介质的性能和检测光学表面的缺陷等 ,全息、散斑干涉仪的功能扩展到检测任何实际粗糙表面的形变、位移、物体的轮廓等特性 ,而且莫尔干…     

用于测振的电子散斑剪切干涉术

电子散斑剪切干涉术作为一种高精度全场测量技术,已被广泛应用于无损检测(NDT)、应变分析、振动检测和流场分析等领域．主要分析了电子散斑剪切干涉术在振动检测领域的应用,分析了它利用时间平均法检测振动的原理,并为实现物面振动的大面积检测进行了电子散斑剪切干涉仪光学结构的参数设计,一次可以检测大小为669 mm×502mm的矩形物面．利用计算机模拟产生随机高斯相关表面的高度分布函数及振动散斑剪切条纹图．结果表明电子散斑剪切干涉术用于振动检测．     

双光束激光散斑干涉技术在振动分析中的应用

本文分析了散斑干涉的原理,采用双光束激光散斑干涉法,设计了一种数字散斑干涉的振动测量系统给出了实验结果并对实验结果进行了讨论。     

剪切散斑干涉技术的研究

剪切散斑干涉技术是利用相干光照射在粗糙的物体表面,在空间所形成的散斑,实现物体表面位移和变形检测。它具有可以全场测量,光路简单,调节方便,对环境要求低等特点。主要讨论基于迈克耳孙的剪切散斑干涉术的原理及位移导数与条纹之间的关系。通过相关实验证明剪切散斑干涉技术在物体离面位移检测中的准确性和有效性。     

白光干涉测量法在波纹度指标检测中的应用

探讨了白光干涉法测量波纹度指标的过程,介绍了波纹度的标准及影响波纹度测量结果的主要因素,阐述了白光干涉三维轮廓仪测量波纹度指标的具体方法.白光干涉测量法是一种非接触式测量方法,拓宽了分析方法.结果表明,该方法不仅可以得到材料表面的波纹度,而且可以得到具体的三维轮廓图像.     

数字散斑相关技术及其应用于变形测量与无损检测

数字散斑相关技术是一种应用图象相关处理技术于变形测试的新技术.该技术通过摄取变形前后被测物体的散斑图象,转换成数字图象后经计算机处理确定变形前后的相关点,根据其座标位置变化即可确定其平面位移大小.因此该方法的实际测量灵敏度将随被摄图象的大小而定.与其它基于干涉的光测方法不同,该方法可以用人工或天然散斑,白光照明,对实验测试的环境条件低,可用于现场测试.综上所述数字散斑技术不仅可适用于微区微变形也可用于塑性大变形测量,此外,它还可用于实时静态测量和动态测量.为了提高测量速度与精度本文综述了几种新方法,亚象素搜索、小波减噪、补偿技术等.文中例举了光纤变形测量和微电容无损检测等应用实例.这些应用表明该方法足一种值得推广应用的新测试技术.     

相移数字散斑干涉计量系统

本建立了一套相移激光数字散斑干涉自动测量系统,运用一系列的图象处理方法,实现了高精度的自动测量,显地提高了数字散斑干涉计量技术的可靠性、实用性及自动化程度。该计量系统被应用于变形、振动等参数的测量中,取得了较为理想的结果。     

利用数字散斑照相术测量面内位移

采用数字图像处理技术直接对双曝光散斑图进行全场分析,获取了杨氏条纹图．通过对条纹图的滤波增强、二值化、细化等操作,提取了条纹周期,实现了物体面内微小位移的测量．实验结果表明,该方法可获得高对比度的散斑干涉条纹,经过数字图像处理,条纹细化无断点和毛刺,有利于条纹判读,提高测量精度,其微位移测量误差小于4％．由于散斑图及条纹图像均是在计算机内存储、处理,实现了散斑照相术的数字化,具有一定的应用价值．     

基于双目立体视觉与数字散斑图像相关的全场振动测量

研究了基于三维数字散斑图像相关方法(3D-DSCM)的三维全场振动测量相关问题。该方法通过双目高速摄像机连续采集散斑动态变形图像,结合数字散斑相关方法对目标点进行相关匹配,可得到随时间变化的物体离面振动位移信息。通过正弦激励稳态响应的比对实验、各参数(相关函数、子区大小、形函数)选择对测量结果的影响的实验研究。研究结果表明50 Hz稳态激励下的所测振动幅值相对误差小于3.5%、幅频曲线相关系数高于98%;相关函数、子区大小、形函数的选择都对计算的精度具有很大的影响。     

Stroboscopic white-light interference microscopy

The principle of stroboscopic motion freezing of oscillating objects extends directly to interference microscopes that use coherence as part of the measurement principle. Analysis shows, however, that the fringe contrast loss for out-of-plane motion in stroboscopic interferometry is a wavelength-dependent phenomenon, which can alter the apparent nominal center wavelength of the white-light source. As in monochromatic systems, the key adjustable parameter is the duty cycle, equal to the product of the vibrational frequency and the pulse width. This theoretical study provides detailed graphs of expected errors as a function of the duty cycle, including fringe contrast loss, apparent wavelength shift, and measurement error.     

Fringe analysis method for electronic speckle pattern interferometry using only speckle patterns before and after deformation

Electronic speckle pattern interferometry is employed in many industrial fields as a useful deformation measurement method. However, two speckle patterns obtained before and after the deformation are necessary for measurement. Furthermore, at least three speckle patterns are required for high resolution measurement using ordinary fringe scanning technologies. In this paper, a novel method that can measure high speed deformations using a limited number of speckle patterns without using high speed cameras is proposed. The method enables application to dynamic deformation analysis because the method involves analysis using only two speckle patterns obtained before and after the deformation. A novel optical system that can record some spatial information into each speckle is set up for the method. In experimental results, it is confirmed that the out-of-plane deformation measurement can be precisely performed by the method and that the resolution power is almost equivalent to that of the ordinary method.     

Complete fringe order determination in scanning white-light interferometry using a Fourier-based technique

White-light interferometry uses a white-light source with a short coherent length that provides a narrowly localized interferogram that is used to measure three-dimensional surface profiles with possible large step heights without 2π-ambiguity. Combining coherence and phase information improves the vertical resolution. But, inconsistencies between phase and coherence occur at highly curved surfaces such as spherical and tilted surfaces, and these inconsistencies often cause what are termed ghost steps in the measurement result. In this paper, we describe a modified version of white-light interferometry for eliminating these ghost steps and improving the accuracy of white-light interferometry. Our proposed technique is verified by measuring several test samples.     

Vibration characteristics of composite piezoceramic plates at resonant frequencies: experiments and numerical calculations

The experimental measurement of the resonant frequencies for the piezoceramic material is generally performed by impedance analysis. In this paper, we employ an optical interferometry method called the amplitude-fluctuation electronic speckle pattern interferometry (AF-ESPI) to investigate the vibration characteristics of piezoceramic/aluminum laminated plates. The AF-ESPI is a powerful tool for the full-field, noncontact, and real-time measurement method of surface displacement for vibrating bodies. As compared with the conventional film recording and optical reconstruction procedures used for holographic interferometry, the interferometric fringes of AF-ESPI are produced instantly by a video recording system. Because the clear fringe patterns measured by the AF-ESPI method will be shown only at resonant frequencies, both the resonant frequencies and corresponding vibration mode shapes are obtained experimentally at the same time. Excellent quality of the interferometric fringe patterns for both the in-plane and out-of-plane vibration mode shapes are demonstrated. Two different configurations of piezoceramic/aluminum laminated plates, which exhibit different vibration characteristics because of the polarization direction, are investigated in detail. From experimental results, we find that some of the out-of-plane vibration modes (Type A) with lower resonant frequencies cannot be measured by the impedance analysis; however, all of the vibration modes of piezoceramic/aluminum laminated plates can be obtained by the AF-ESPI method. Finally, the numerical finite element calculations are also performed, and the results are compared with the experimental measurements. Excellent agreements of the resonant frequencies and mode shapes are obtained for both results.     

远距离高精度多普勒位移测量

通过泛函、激光散斑理论和随机过程各态遍历的研究,导出激光多普勒信号强度与聚焦光斑直径、接收透镜通光口径、光电接收器响应等参数间的关系,在此基础上设计出一种适用于远距离处面内位移测量的光路。此光路将高斯光束束腰聚焦在被测体上,实现最小聚焦光斑和平面波叠加,此外采用大口径透镜接收散射光,用响应度高的光电接收器转换光电信号等措施获得高强度高信噪比的测量信号。将此光路用于 100m 处面内位移(49.70mm)测量,其精度可达 2%。此设计方法能用于振动或地震波的高精度检测。     

Average Contrast of White-light Image Speckle Patterns

An extensive experimental study on the average contrast of speckle patterns produced by white light at the image plane is reported in this paper. The speckle contrast is found to be determined by the complicated relationship between the spatial coherence of illuminating light, the point spread of an imaging system and the roughness properties of the objects. It is found that the previous results of Sprague, Parry and Pedersen on white-light speckle patterns are realized only when the object is spatially coherently illuminated and a large number of scattering cells are involved within the point spread of the imaging system.     

三维激光多普勒振动测量方法研究综述

激光多普勒频移对面内振动不敏感的特点使三维激光多普勒测振成为了一道难题,为解决此难题,各研究机构开展了相关研究并提出了多个解决方案。本文介绍了四种基于不同原理的三维激光多普勒振动测量方法——基于多个光学头的三维振动测量方法、基于一台LSV测振的三维振动测量方法、结合频闪方法的三维振动测量方法、基于单光学头的三维振动测量方法,总结每种方法的优缺点及实际应用效果,并展望三维激光多普勒振动测量技术未来的发展方向。     

数字散斑相关技术在微结构平面运动测试中的应用

微结构是微器件或微系统的基本组成部分,对其运动特性的测试有助于对器件或系统的性能和稳定性进行评价．为此,针对频闪成像技术获得的微结构运动图像序列,对数字散斑相关技术应用于微结构平面运动特性测试的实现方法进行了探讨,采用梯度法实现全局刚性位移的精确测量,并作为牛顿迭代法的初值进行区域变形量的提取。具有较高的计算效率SiCRF微谐振器平面运动特性测试实验表明,微结构平面刚性位移测量的分辨率和偏差分别能够达到1／100像素和1／20像素,区域变形信息提取的有效性也得到了初步验证．     

Optimized multiwavelength combination sources for interferometric use

We present the use of multiwavelength combination sources in a direct method for improved central fringe identification in a white-light interferometric system. The optimum wavelength combinations of such sources can be obtained by the use of the results of a simple analysis. We find that this multiwavelength technique can greatly reduce the minimum signal-to-noise ratio required by the systemwhen used to identify the central fringe, and thus it offers an increased signal resolution. As a result, it is suitable for high-precision measurement purposes as well as for applications in coherence multiplexed interferometric sensor systems.     

Experimental and numerical investigations for the free vibration of cantilever trapezoidal plates

Abstract

Based on the advantages of non‐contact and full field measurement, the optical technique called amplitude‐fluctuation electronic speckle pattern interferometry (AFESPI) with an out‐of‐plane setup is employed to investigate the free vibration of cantilever trapezoidal plates with various taper ratios and sweep‐back angles. Twenty different plate configurations are analyzed, including triangular and trapezoidal plates, and the first seven vibration modes of each plate are measured. The AF‐ESPI method is very convenient for measuring vibrating objects because no contact is required in contrast to classical modal analysis using accelerometers. Based on the fact that clear fringe patterns will appear only in resonance, both resonant frequencies and corresponding mode shapes can be obtained experimentally using the present technique. Numerical calculations by finite element method are also performed and the results are compared with the experimental measurements. Excellent agreements are obtained for both results of resonant frequencies and mode shapes. The influences of taper ratios and sweep‐back angles on the vibration behavior of cantilever trapezoidal plates are also demonstrated in terms of the dimensionless frequency parameter.