含平面缺陷的压力管道在静载下的可靠性指标

以Ｌｒ为广义强度，以Ｋｒ为广义应力，参照ＳＡＰＶ－９５规范得出了功能函数Ｍ，据此对静载下含平面缺陷的压力管道进行了可靠性分析；提出了计算其可靠性指标的快速收敛的迭代算法，并分析了可靠性指标与Ｌｒ和Ｋｒ的均值及变慢系数的关系，得出了可靠性指标定量衡量静载下含平面缺陷的压力管道的安全状况的结论。     

含面积缺陷压力管道安全评定的方法

综述了含面积缺陷压力管道安全评定的方法;介绍了现场工程实例来验证当前含缺陷压力管道安全评定方法.     

含体积缺陷压力管道安全评定的方法

综述了含体积缺陷压力管道安全评定的方法,同时介绍了一个现场工程实例来验证当前含缺陷压力管道安全评定方法。     

含多局部减薄缺陷压力管道的安全评定方法讨论

局部减薄是压力管道常见的一种体积型缺陷,在管道的服役过程中不仅会出现单个局部减薄缺陷,甚至会有多个局部减薄缺陷。通过有限元方法模拟内压作用下含双局部减薄缺陷管道获得其极限载荷,讨论了在不同的轴向和环向排列方式以及不同的局部减薄相对深度下,两局部减薄缺陷间的距离对压力管道极限载荷影响程度的差异。然后对所计算模型应用API 579-1 ASMEFFS-1—2007《适合服役》与GB/T19624—2004《在用含缺陷压力容器安全评定》中对多局部减薄(凹坑)处理方法进行评定,并与有限元得到的结果进行比较,发现两评定规范既存在着保守性,也存在着不安全性。最后对两评定规范所论述的方法进行修正,提出了一种新的用于内压作用下含多局部减薄缺陷管道的多局部减薄处理方法。     

压力管道安全评定技术的进展

为保证压力管道的安全运行, 必须通过试验研究掌握含缺陷压力管道的破坏机理、失效模式、承载能力和在载荷作用下的裂纹张开面积和介质泄漏速率等规律, 同时寻求这些性能与管道材料、结构、缺陷尺寸等参数间的关系;从而建立压力管道缺陷评定方法、制订和修订相应的评定标准或准则; 按 “合乎使用的原则”对含缺陷的在役压力管道进行分别处理, 既做到经济又保证安全运行。由于压力管道大多数含环向缺陷,所以本文仅就含环向缺陷压力管道的评定方法作简要的介绍。     

模糊人工神经网络技术在含缺陷压力管道可靠性计算中的应用

在用模糊人工神经网络技术预测含缺陷压力管道失效载荷的基础上，进行了压力管道的可靠性计算，并以一实例加以说明和验证该技术在含缺陷压力管道可靠性计算中的可行性。     

复杂载荷下含未焊透缺陷压力管道塑性极限载荷分析

针对净截面垮塌(NSC)准则仅适用于拉、弯组合载荷的局限性,根据压力管道实际受力特点,提出了一种基于内压/弯矩/扭矩复杂载荷作用下的含未焊透缺陷压力管道塑性极限载荷理论分析方法及其表达式,该方法还充分考虑了管道曲率(管径比)、未焊透缺陷环向长度、深度对压力管道塑性极限载荷的影响。借助有限元分析方法对含各类未焊透缺陷的压力管道塑性极限载荷进行了数值计算并与理论值进行了比较。结果表明:该方法能较好地反映含未焊透缺陷压力管道的实际承载能力,结果可靠,可大大提高含未焊透缺陷压力管道安全评定的有效性。     

在用含缺陷压力管道的安全性分析

采用ANSYS有限元分析软件,建立了7组不同情况下含平面缺陷的弯管有限元模型,对管道上裂缝进行了应力计算和分析,并采用GB/T19624-2004《在用含缺陷压力容器安全评定》标准对含裂缝缺陷的压力管道进行了简化评定。结果表明7组评定点均处于安全区域,故裂纹缺陷不影响管线正常运行。     

20^#钢管道材料的R—O曲线关系参数及其分布

确定管道材料的R－O关系曲线参数及其分布对于含缺陷压力管道可靠性分析具有重要意义。本文以国产压力管道常用钢──一20＃钢作为研究材料,在对全尺寸管道的断裂试验的基础上,分析比较不同的R－O关系曲线的拟合方法,得出了适合20＃钢R－O关系曲线的拟合方法。并结合统计分析,得出20＃钢管道材料R－O关系曲线参数α、n均服从正态分布。     

确定含环向缺陷压力管道临界裂纹长度的分析研究

本文对含缺陷压力管道裂纹穿透后的失效形式和失效分析方法进行了回顾，得出了确定临界裂纹长度的分析方法的选择图，并在三种载荷条件下，分别推导了含环向缺陷的压力管道临界裂纹长度的求取公式。     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Application of Feature Extraction through Convolution Neural Networks and SVM Classifier for Robust Grading of Apples

This paper proposes a novel grading method of apples,in an automated grading device that uses convolutional neural networks to extract the size,color,texture,an...     

分布动态载荷识别的抗噪处理

针对正交多项式频域法在用多种响应对矩形薄板进行载荷识别中抗噪性较差的问题,综合运用平均法、矩阵预处理和奇异值截断法等方法对之进行改善,并引入空间映射的思想,将该方法的应用范围拓展为复杂的模型.利用仿真算例,证实了该方法具有较好的抗噪性.     

基于MELTAC-N平台的核电厂安全级DCS环网研究与测试

针对工程实践中环网通讯相关问题的处理缺乏理论基础及国产化安全级DCS平台的开发缺乏成熟经验借鉴问题,对基于MELTAC-N平台核电厂安全级DCS环网的软硬件实现进行了研究。提出了安全级DCS环网双环网冗余设计、光切换开关设计等硬件设计方法,以及以RPR协议为基础,采用全数据收发策略的软件设计方法。在CPR1000安全级DCS平台上对安全级DCS环网的可靠性及实时性进行了评价,并进行了容错能力、响应时间及响应时间稳定性测试验证实验。结果表明,基于MELTAC-N平台安全级DCS环网软硬件设计具有较好的容错能力及响应时间稳定性。     

The laboratory simulation of abrasive wear

Abrasive wear has long been recognised as one of the most potentially serious tribological problems facing the operators of many types of plant and machinery; several industrial surveys have indicated that wear by abrasion can be responsible for more than 50% of unscheduled machine and plant stoppages. Locating the operating point of a tribological contact in an appropriate operational ‚map’︁ can provide a useful guide to the likely nature and origins of the surface degradation experienced in use, though care must be exercised in choosing the most suitable parameters for the axes of the plot. Laboratory testing of materials and simulations of machine contacts are carried out for a number of purposes; at one level for the very practical aims of ranking candidate materials or surface hardening treatments in order of their wear resistance, or in an attempt to predict wear lives under field conditions. More fundamentally, tests may be aimed at elucidating the essential physical mechanisms of surface damage and loss, with the longer term aim of building an analytical and predictive model of the wear process itself. In many cases, component surface damage is brought about by the ingress of hard, particulate matter into machine bearing or sealing clearances. These may be running dry although, more usually, a lubricant or service fluid is present at the interface. A number of standardised wear test geometries and procedures have been established for both two- and three-body wear situations, and these are briefly described. Although abrasive wear is often modelled as following an ‚Archard’︁ equation (i.e. a linear increase in material loss with both load and time, and an inverse dependence on specimen hardness) both industrial experience and laboratory tests of particularly lubricated contacts show that this is not always the case: increasing the hardness differential in an abrasively contaminated lubricated pair may not always reduce the rate of damage to the harder surface.     

Limits of topographic measurement by the scanning tunnelling and atomic force microscopes

Parameters describing the topographic character of a surface (height, surface wavelength, slope and curvature) can be derived from equivalent sinusoidal profiles. The response of a surface-measuring instrument may be modelled in terms of instrument parameters such as stylus radius, and scanning range and resolution. The performance of the instrument may then be mapped as a zone in amplitude-wavelength (AW) space to show the sinusoidal profiles it is capable of measuring. In a first-order analysis the STM and AFM are considered as equivalent to contact-stylus instruments with a notional stylus radius equal to the tip radius plus the gap. Comparisons between different instruments and types of instrument are readily made by mapping in AW space. The error arising from convolution of the sinusoidal profile with that of the finite tip may be quantified and plotted as contours in AW space.     

Fractional order nonsingular terminal sliding mode control for flexible spacecraft attitude tracking

This paper investigates a fractional terminal sliding mode control for flexible spacecraft attitude tracking in the presence of inertia uncertainties and extern...     

奥氏体不锈钢表面双辉等离子渗锆的动力学

利用双辉等离子渗金属技术在0Cr18Ni9Ti奥氏体不锈钢表面制备了一层均匀、致密、呈良好冶金结合的渗锆合金层,并对1 060℃下的渗锆动力学进行了研究。结果表明:随着距锆合金层表面距离的增加,锆元素的含量呈梯度递减,扩散系数逐渐减小,而扩散激活能逐步增大;在1 060℃采用双辉等离子技术渗锆时,渗锆合金层表层的空位密度为2.945×(1012~1013)cm-2,与相同温度下采用常规渗金属工艺相比,提高了1~2个数量级。     

气化炉三维扫描测量与数据处理

以德士古气化炉耐火砖的内壁蚀损检测设备为基础,对采集到的点云数据做了进一步处理.通过对数据的筛选和剔除,实现了数据点的平滑降噪细化和精简.然后利用点云对整、网格划分和分色显示等方法,最终完成了内壁腐蚀情况的三维建模.重点讨论了点云数据的预处理及后处理的方法,并根据内壁耐火砖的腐蚀阈值,提出了一种气化炉内壁腐蚀区域的识别与分割方法.对耐火砖的腐蚀分析、气化炉的生产与维修提供了可靠依据,并在工程应用中获得了一致认可.