城市综合体与城市公共交通整合的模式探讨

在城市化进程快速发展的背景下,城市土地资源与城市建设产生了一定的矛盾关系,如何进行城市土地资源的高效化、集约化利用与发展,是实现城市可持续建设的必然。将城市公共交通在一定城市综合体公共空间中进行功能间的整合,可以有效促进和激发二者的功能,形成互补关系。并能有效的节约城市土地资源和提高土地资源的利用率。     

中国城市地下空间资源的最优利用研究

立足于城市地下空间可开发量的有限性和开发利用的不可逆性,城市地下空间资源是一种可耗竭资源。中国的城市地下空间资源产权属于国家,开发利用是由政府主导的。在产权归国家所有条件下,通过对豪泰林可耗竭资源最优开发利用模型进行拓展分析发现:第一,城市地下空间的开发利用量、政府增加的存量作为两个控制变量,决定着城市地下空间开发利用的跨期利润最大化的最优条件;第二,城市地下空间资源的经济租在其整个生命周期的变化将取决于初始存量和开发利用成本的状态;第三,与其他资源一样,城市地下空间资源在开发利用过程中存在一个各期的最优利用开发量,这个最优开发量既能保证当期使用者的需要,也不会影响后代的需求。     

可持续发展与城市建设

规范城市房地产运行是城市可持续发展的保证 在社会主义市场经济条件下,政府调控和保护土地资源是促进城市土地及空间资源合理配置和高效利用的根本手段.     

基于人民城市的城市滨水空间生产机制研究 ——以上海西岸更新为例

城市滨水空间是城市重要的公共空间资源,在人民城市理念下,这一城市最好的空间资源应转为面向市民的生活空间,满足人民日益增长的美好生活需要.以上海西岸更新为例,应用空间生产理论,分析多元主体协同生产滨水生长型空间的机制显示了其必要性.其中,由政府生产的空间表征层面、由开发商运用资本循环逻辑生产的空间实践内容,以及由公众使用...     

未来"立体化城市"的安全性分析

指出传统平面模式城市的利弊,分析了影响城市的主要因素,提出将部分城市功能设施置于地下,实现未来城市"立体化"建设的构想.认为未来城市必须面对和解决的问题:人口众多、劳动生产率高、社会集约化程度高.在高科技的支持下从平面向空间发展,同时满足人类生活、自然生态等方面的需求,有效地开发利用城市空间资源,提高空间质量,增强城市防灾抗毁能力,实现城市人口、资源、环境协调发展,从而实现信息化、网络化、合理密度、完全生态化的目标.因此,我们必须充分合理利用城市地下空间资源,建设立体化发展的生态城市.     

城市地下空间集约化设计内涵解析

城市地下空间集约化开发在城市空间、能源以及环境建设等方面具有很强的优势和潜力,因此,在城市整体发展过程中,政府规划和建设部门应进行统一的规划,保证地下空间的科学、合理、有序开发,集约利用城市空间资源、高效利用城市能源资源并优化整合城市环境资源,为城市整体的健康、可持续发展提供有力的保障。     

城市收缩背景下城市空间更新研究——以重庆市为例

在任何变量干预下,扩散效应都无法超过回波效应,城市收缩无法避免。若无视城市收缩现象盲目地进行城市更新,不仅会使城市趋于同质化,还会造成资源浪费。首先,通过“基于自然城市尺度的城市收缩”“城市收缩下人口-经济-空间四阶段”两方面来明确城市收缩的概念。再基于CiteSpace梳理城市收缩与更新的关注异同点,得出在城市收缩背景下,大拆大建不再是主流,城市空间需要微更新。以重庆市为例,基于ArcGIS分析重庆市收缩与更新现状,从而分析收缩背景下重庆市空间更新的发展方向。     

对当代城市空间“顽疾”的理疗之策——谈复合型的城市公共空间内涵及其发展必要性研究

复合型的城市公共空间是在我国城市土地资源短缺、当前正处在经济增长的快速城市化阶段以及各类城市空间“顽疾”层出不穷的背景下所提出的。论文阐述了复合型的城市公共空间的概念及主要特征,并从城市土地集约利用和完善城市空间功能角度论证了发展复合型的城市公共空间的必要性。     

城市空间特色资源评价方法与途径研究——以南通为例

在快速城镇化的背景下,为了避免城市形象出现"千城一面"的问题,每个城市在规划建设中均应形成有别于其他城市的特色所在。因此如何城市空间特色资源评价体系,成为当下城市规划领域的重要课题。文章以南通为例,从城市空间特色的概念内涵入手,分析城市空间特色的物质载体,选取城市空间特色资源评价因子,如独特性,根植性,认知度,影响度,支撑性,成长性等,采用单项分级,模糊评价等方式,建构完整的城市空间特色资源评价体系。基于评价结果不仅可以对城市空间特色的发展方向进行预判,并且可以在规划实践中有目标地培育、强化、彰显该城市的空间特色,为建设富有魅力、各具特色的城市空间提供有力的支持。     

"休闲之都"理念引领下的杭州城市空间环境研究

针对杭州正在进行中的“休闲之都”理念引领下的城市建设,该文在提出休闲城市空间环境资源四个属性及要求的基础上,对杭州空间环境资源品质进行了综合评价,并归纳分析了杭州城市空间资源优化改进采取的若干举措。     

Land regulating economy as a policy instrument in urban China

The regulation of urban land in China has become more important as a policy instrument, suggesting that land supply may be a catalyst for urban economic growth. Based on official data on land use change for the period 2005 to 2014, an econometric model of urban GDP growth reveals lagged effects of land supply on economic growth. Land supply has a more significant effect on economic growth in prefecture-level cities than in county-level cities. City size and development stage also shape the effects of land on economic growth; in addition, land plays different roles in economic growth in eastern coastal cities and in cities in the central and western parts of China. Different land use allocations have been successfully used as a tool for fostering economic growth in urban China.     

以人为本,还是以车为本——深圳市罗湖与福田两中心区之比较

深圳市罗湖中心区（老城）与福田中心区（新城）分别代表了深圳城市设计和发展历程中两个不同时代的发展思路和设计理念,也是国内众多城市中老城区与新城区建设发展的缩影。以两个中心区的规划网络与道路尺度为出发点,从城市设计的发展理念和城市空间的体验进行比较与分析,试图引出一个对未来城市设计与发展的思考方向。     

Access to Land for the Urban Poor—Policy Proposals for South African Cities

The issue of land is a critical one in post-Apartheid South Africa. Growing informality and poverty in urban areas, driven to a large extent by urbanisation, necessitates greater concerted action around land use management in urban areas to ensure more equitable, environmentally and socially sustainable use of finite land resources. The operation of the urban land market has been identified as a significant obstacle preventing the urban poor from accessing affordable land. A new approach, advocated by the UK Department for International Development and the Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation entitled “Making Markets Work for the Poor—M4P” emerged in the 1990s. The M4P approach recognises that even successful market development will not distribute land to the poor and intervention in the land market is therefore required to promote more equitable land distribution patterns. The M4P perspective however has been accused of an obsession with economic solutions to the problem of landlessness and informality to the exclusion of other socio-political and legal remedies. The Brazilian case provides an example of a more progressive approach as it combines social policy and legal reform to regulate the use of urban land to ensure that land fulfils its “social function”. The presence of large tracts of vacant and unused land in cities is an important issue in the context of growing informality and competition for land and therefore requires urgent policy attention. The paper discusses the Brazilian case and the instruments used in that country to deal with vacant/unused land in cities. It argues that the progressive taxation of vacant land in cities could be a potentially valuable policy instrument in South African cities. Land-based fiscal instruments can be utilised by local government to manage the use of land and to access additional revenue which can be redistributed to the poor for the provision of infrastructure and services. Although these tools are not a panacea for challenges of informality and poverty in the developing world, they do have the potential to augment municipal income and to facilitate urban renewal, infill development and a more compact city. The paper argues though that these tools should be applied on a city-wide scale; part and parcel of an overall urban land reform strategy and plan for the city.     

The dimensions of global urban expansion: Estimates and projections for all countries, 2000–2050

Our study of the expansion of a representative sample of 30 cities showed that 28 of them expanded more than 16-fold during the twentieth century. More generally, cities are now expanding at twice their population growth rates, on average, and now cover almost 0.5% of the planet's land area. We created a new dataset comprising the universe of all 3646 named metropolitan agglomerations and cities that had populations in excess of 100,000 in the year 2000, their populations in that year, and their built-up area identified in the Mod500 map, currently the best of eight satellite-based global maps of urban land cover. Using this dataset, we estimated urban land cover in smaller cities and towns in all countries and calculated total urban land cover in every country in the year 2000. We then employed multiple regression models that could explain more than 90% of the variations in our urban land cover estimates amongst countries. Then, using U.N. urban population projections in combination with three realistic density change scenarios based on our previous global and historical study of densities, we projected urban land cover in every country and world region from 2000 to 2050. According to our medium projection, urban land cover in developing countries will increase from 300,000 km² in 2000 to 770,000 km² in 2030 and to 1,200,000 km² in 2050. Containing this expansion is likely to fail. Minimal preparations for accommodating it – realistic projection of urban land needs, the extension of metropolitan boundaries, acquiring the rights-of-way for an arterial road grid that can carry infrastructure and public transport, and the selective protection of open space from incursion by formal and informal land development – are now in order.     

Urban land expansion and the floating population in China: For production or for living?

There is a large amount of population moved from countryside to cities in China during its urbanization in the past two decades. The majority of these people have no formal qualifications for city residency, and they are so-called ‘floating population’. The increase of this group of people has induced the pressure of land use in cities, and the contradiction between the demand and the supply of urban land has been intensifying particularly in those developed regions in China. This paper examines the impacts of floating population on urban land by presenting the interrelations between floating population and urban land expansion from the perspective of production land and living land. Structural equation model (SEM) is employed in conducting the analysis. The result shows that the floating population alone does not have direct effect on urban land expansion, but have indirect impacts through engaging in the production or living process. It is particularly interesting that floating people's living conditions have no direct positive effect on the increase of construction land. Based on the research results, suggestions are offered for improvements in government policy towards a more sustainable and integrated urbanization, including the provision of housing support, the formation of more urbanized society and sustainable development.     

Towards Effective City Planning—The Case of Cape Town in Identifying Potential Housing Land

Vacant land in cities is an important resource as it presents opportunities for urban renewal and revitalisation and can contribute to municipal revenue. In a context of growing informality and homelessness in cities of the South, the presence of large tracts of vacant land is a sign of inefficient urban planning and a dysfunctional land market. It is therefore critical for local governments to have reliable data of the extent of vacant land parcels in cities and their potential for housing development, particularly affordable housing for the poor. This paper will detail and discuss the “Potential Housing Land Model” developed by the Cape Urban Observatory, part of the African Centre for Cities, based at the University of Cape Town, South Africa. South African cities, and in this case the city of Cape Town in particular, face huge constraints in terms of suitable, well-located and affordable land for low-cost housing development. A tool like the “Potential Housing Land Tool” is one tool which could assist decision-makers in identifying such land parcels. Besides identifying land that can potentially be used for housing; the model can also allow officials to pin-point areas that are not well-serviced. The deployment of the model on the World Wide Web makes the tool available to a range of users including municipal officials, academic researchers and organised sectors of civil society who might benefit from this kind of information. The responsible and strategic use of this model and the information it provides, can facilitate a broad-based discussion about vacant land and its potential use in the city, allowing for more transparent and participatory planning. The application of tools like the “Potential Housing Land Tool” can therefore greatly assist in improving urban governance and can contribute towards more efficient and sustainable urban planning and management systems.     

对我国城市地下空间开发利用的思考

随着人口的增加和城市化进程的加快,土地供求矛盾越来越尖锐,开发和利用地下空间资源将成为城市发展的必然选择。本文通过对国内外城市地下空间开发利用现状的对比分析,总结我国城市地下空间利用中存在的缺陷和不足,提出在规划,立法等方面的措施。     

基于城市规划中用地方法的若干思考

对城市用地分类进行了简述,探讨了城市规划用地的方法,并结合山西省太原市的实际情况对城市规划用地方法进行了分析,以期为其他城市的规划用地工作提供参考,促进城市的发展以及人们居住环境的改善。     

创新型城市道路交通特征及其对社会交往的作用——基于2个Cambridge城市案例的分析

通过对英国剑桥市和美国剑桥市的城市用地布局结构、城市核心区道路结构、核心区交通系统和道路空间特点等方面的比较分析,指出创新型城市的道路交通在出行目标可达性、交通方式可选择性、道路空间友好性3个方面具有较为明显的优势特征;城市支路网线密度与创新型城市的功能具有内在的联系,城市支路空间界面有效促进了创新型城市的就业人群和居民交往,丰富了城市空间的类型,从而为触发城市创新活动提供了更多可能性。由于我国大多数大学校区和部分科技园区大地块分割、封闭式管理,使其内部道路未充分发挥城市公共活动和促进广泛人群交往的功能,一定程度上影响了创新型城市的功能发挥。     

高效低耗集约化的城市综合体研究

中国经济高速发展也加速着城市化的进程,城市无限扩张和人口的集中也带来许多不可忽视的城市问题,特别是城市交通、城市环境的恶化和城市土地资源的紧张,这也间接导致社会的两级分化,带来一定的社会问题。发展集约紧凑型城市是近年来针对这些问题所提出的一条城市发展策略,多功能集约、高效低耗的城市综合体正是具有这些特点和优势而成为许多发达国家的城市中不可或缺的组成部分,在中国也逐渐得到推广。