Sample description, reporting, an analysis of sex in psychological research: A look at APA and APA division journals in 1990.

Extends a study by L. Gannon et al (see record 1992-23274-001) by examining the sex of Ss in American Psychological Association (APA) journals publishing original human studies research and by sampling all APA division journals publishing such research. Two issues of each APA and APA division journal published in 1990 were examined, yielding a sample of 504 articles from 26 journals. 79 cases (9.86%) clearly indicated using Ss of only 1 sex, 440 cases (54.93%) used both male and female Ss and reported sex fully, and 44 cases (5.49%) indicated using Ss of each sex without reporting exact numbers. The evidence suggests that there remains a significant tendency to consider male Ss as "normative," and results obtained from them generally applicable, whereas female Ss are somehow "different," and results obtained from them are specific to female Ss. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

A decade of rare donor services in the United States. Report of the American Red Cross Rare Donor Registry (1981-1990)

As a substitute for depth electrodes, mesial temporal subdural electrodes were devised. This electrode has a slender trapezoid shape and is easily introduced to the inner uppermost portion of the parahippocampal gyrus. Our results have shown that mesial temporal electrodes can detect not only interictal spikes but also subclinical and clinical seizure discharges from the mesiolimbic structures, and they have excellent capability for lateralization of the mesial temporal epileptic focus. If mesial temporal subdural strips are used in combination with lateral temporal subdural grids, comprehensive understanding of the focus distribution throughout the temporal lobes will be possible without using depth electrodes.     

Rheumatology research. Analysis of Spanish papers published in 1990-1996 in 9 foreign journals in the field

The organization of the human metallothionein (MT) gene family is more complex than the commonly used mouse and rat models. The human MTs are encoded by a family of genes consisting of 10 functional and 7 nonfunctional MT isoforms. One objective of this study was to determine if the accumulation of MT protein in cultures of human proximal tubule (HPT) cells exposed to metals is similar to that expected from the knowledge base obtained from rodent models. To accomplish this objective, HPT cells were exposed to both lethal and sublethal concentrations of Cd2+, Zn2+, Cu2+, Ag2+, Hg2+, and Pb2+ and MT protein levels were determined. The results were in general agreement with animal model studies, although there were some exceptions, mainly in areas where the animal model database was limited. In clear agreement with animal models, Cd2+, Zn2+, and Cu2+ were demonstrated to be potent inducers of MT protein accumulation. In contrast to the similarity in MT protein expression, we obtained evidence that the human renal MT-2 gene has a unique pattern of regulation compared to both animal models and human-derived cell cultures. In the present study, we determined that MT-2A mRNA was not induced by exposure of HPT cells to Cd2+ or the other metals, a finding in contrast to studies in both animal models and other human cell culture systems in which a high level of MT-2 mRNA induction occurs upon exposure to Cd2+ or Zn2+. While MT protein expression may be similar between humans and animal models, this finding provides initial evidence that regulation of the genes underlying MT protein expression may be divergent between species.     

Response to Miller and Swartz (1990): Clinical psychology in American medical settings.

Comments that T. Miller and L. Swartz's (see record 1990-15562-001) article on the practice of clinical psychology in the hospital is new, undefined, and fraught with professional power issues and should be retitled to indicate that it is written from a South African perspective. R. H. Rozensky gives examples of the growing acceptance of psychological services in the US, and notes that Miller and Swartz's viewpoint does not reflect the successful clinical, scientific, or political accomplishments of clinical psychology in American medical settings. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Community action for health promotion: a review of methods and outcomes 1990-1995

Five repeated cross-sectional serological surveys of 790 dairy cattle in 4 dairy herds between December 1985 and February 1987 provided an opportunity to study the changes in the seroprevalence of Haemophilus somnus across the 5 surveys and with respect to some demographic and disease variables. The demographic variables included were age (heifers or cows) and farm, representing two groups of herds (two herds in each group, located in the Central and Northern Valleys of California). The serological status of cattle as either negative or positive against H. somnus, Campylobacter fetus and Leptospira hardjo were determined with enzyme linked-immunosorbent assays. Logistic regression analysis was used to compute maximum likelihood estimates of adjusted odds ratios and their respective 95% confidence intervals. The baseline risk of being H. somnus seropositive in the cattle observed at first sampling did not vary significantly during the study period after adjustment for the effects of covariates. Only at first sampling were cows about twice as likely to be H. somnus seropositive than heifers. At samplings 1 and 3, but not at 2 and 5, being in the herds of the Central Valley appeared protective. In contrast, at sampling 4 the cattle in herds in the Central Valley were about 7 times more likely to be H. somnus seropositive. C. fetus-positive cattle were about 3 times more likely to be H. somnus seropositive at sampling 1 only. The relationship between H. somnus status and L. hardjo was not significant during the study period.     

A comparison of journal citation patterns of British and North American authors publishing in British journals.

Examined citation practices of British and North American psychologists publishing 361 articles in 4 British journals. Results confirmed the finding of D. Koulack and H. J. Keselman (see record 1976-24649-001) that journal status is dependent on area of interest. Studies of A. R. Buss and J. R. McDermott (1976), R. L. Hohn and H. J. Fine (1973), and K. C. Mace and H. D. Warner (1973) are also discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Tumors of childhood in Ibadan, Nigeria (1973-1990)

Childhood neoplasms provide a fertile field for epidemiological research and afford a unique opportunity for studying possible mechanisms of carcinogenesis. The present study reviews 1881 malignant childhood neoplasms in children less than 15 years of age seen in the University College Hospital, Ibadan during an 18-year period. The male-to-female ratio was 1.4:1 and modal age of occurrence was 10 years. The most common childhood neoplasms were lymphomas (45.4%), retinoblastomas (9.7%), and malignant renal neoplasms (8.5%). Burkitt's lymphoma constituted 92% of all lymphomas and 37% of all childhood tumors. Comparison of two clinicopathological studies of childhood cancer in Ibadan between 1960-1972 and 1973-1990 revealed a dramatic upsurge in the relative frequencies of intracranial neoplasms, leukemias, renal neoplasms, and retinoblastomas, with a decline in the relative frequencies of bone neoplasms and Burkitt's lymphoma during the latter period. Whether these changes reflect actual changes in the distribution of childhood cancer in the local population will require further study.     

Direct and indirect latent-variable parenting outcomes of two universal family-focused preventive interventions: Extending a public health-oriented research base.

Recent literature underscores the need for studies of family-based preventive interventions oriented toward public health objectives. This article illustrates a program evaluation approach for the study of family intervention outcomes in general populations. Thirty-three rural schools were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 conditions: the Preparing for the Drug-Free Years Program (PDFY), the Iowa Strengthening Families Program (ISFP), and a minimal-contact control group. Self-report and observational data collected from 523 families were used to develop measurement models of 3 latent parenting constructs that included measurement method effects. Analyses were conducted to ensure initial and attrition-related group equivalencies and to assess school effects. Structural equation models of the hypothesized sequence of direct and indirect effects for both PDFY and ISFP were then fit to the data. All hypothesized effects were significant for both interventions. The discussion addresses the potential public health benefits of evaluation research on universal preventive interventions. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Multicultural experiences of family caregiving: a study of African American, European American, and Hispanic American Families

There is growing attention to the roles of families as caregivers of relatives with serious mental illness. This chapter examines the experiences of family caregivers in diverse cultures and discusses the implications of these experiences for the goal of supporting families in these roles.     

Officers, boards, committees, and representatives of the American Psychological Association: 1981.

Lists the officers, boards, committees, and representatives of the American Psychological Association for 1981. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Officers, boards, committees, and representatives of the American Psychological Association: 1990.

Presents a list of American Psychological Association officers, board & committee members, and other representatives of APA. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

CADASIL in a North American family: clinical, pathologic, and radiologic findings

Spoiled fast three-dimensional gradient-echo magnetic resonance imaging of the aorta and iliac arteries was performed in 13 patients after administration of a single bolus of gadopentetate dimeglumine. The imaging table was moved manually 40-45 cm between two acquisitions. Arterial signal-to-noise ratio did not vary significantly between the thoracic (aortic) and pelvic stations, but venous signal-to-noise ratios increased and arterial contrast-to-noise ratios decreased on the pelvic studies. This method was feasible and increased anatomic coverage.     

Economic and occupational activities at an increased risk of mortality for lung tumors in Turin (1981-89) and in Italy (1981-82)

In the framework of occupational disease surveillance program, based on integration of current information systems, the first Italian occupational mortality study was carried out. This paper reports on excess lung cancer risk by industry and occupation. The study population consists of subjects included in the Italian Cross-Sectional Study (STI) and in the Turin Longitudinal Study (SLT), both of which are surveys based on record-linkage procedures between census records and death certificates. The STI is a six-month follow-up of Italian residents at the 1981 census. The SLT is a prospective study of Turin residents at the 1981 census, followed for mortality up to 1989. Only persons aged 18-64 years at entry, and economically active, were eligible for the occupational mortality analysis (i.e. 15,734 deceased individuals out of 13 million subjects in the STI, and 435,608 individuals, among whom 10,789 deaths occurred, in the SLT). Information about job and economic activity recorded at census consisted of the Italian standard 1981 industry and occupation codes. Lung cancer relative risks by category of industry and job were estimated as mortality odds ratios (MOR) in the STI, and as observed to expected death ratios (SMR) in the SLT. Only excess risks based on > or = 3 observed cases and with p < 0.1, were included in the present report. Lung cancer mortality was increased in different industries and jobs. The excess risks found in the mechanic and transport industries are of particular interest in a public health perspective, due to the high number of Italian workers employed in these sectors. From an etiologic point of view, however, careful attention should be paid to the excess lung cancer risks among workers in the wood manufacturing industry, in meat preparation, and in nursing occupations, where detailed analytical studies of exposure profile and cancer risk are warranted.     

我国冶金分析研究进展——基于《冶金分析》创刊40年(1981-2020)文献计量学分析

采用文献计量学方法分析顶级期刊载文信息,可以揭示该学科研究进展和发展趋势.《冶金分析》是我国冶金分析领域的重要期刊,通过对该刊影响因子变化、载文题录信息、关键词等指标开展计量学分析,进而探究我国冶金分析的研究进展和发展趋势.《冶金分析》共刊载6 569篇(从创刊到2020年9月)研究论文.作者的分析结果表明,该期刊拥有...     

Some morphological, physiological and behavioral specializations in North American beavers (Castor canadensis)

In order to gain insight into the functional properties of the tail in North American beavers (Castor canadensis) we (1) examined morphological features of skeletal, muscular, vascular, cutaneous and neural structures; (2) determined the segmental organization of spinal roots and certain stimulus-response features of receptive fields of single dorsal root fibers; (3) mapped the main somatic sensory area (SI) of the cerebral neocortex, and (4) attempted to relate these findings to observations of tail behavior in living beavers. The behavioral observations revealed the beaver capable of forceful yet discrete movements of the tail in water. A morphological correlate of these motor skills was the distinct segmentally organized pattern of serial muscle tendon arrangements and spinal sensory and motor innervation. Neither the receptors innervating the scales or hairs of the tail, the stimulus-response properties of single dorsal root afferents, nor the representation of the tail in SI suggested unusual cutaneous sensory capabilities associated with the morphological and behavioral specializations exhibited by the beaver's tail.     

Incidence of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in Santiago, Chile (1990-1993)

The aim of this study was to determine IDDM incidence in the Metropolitan Region of Chile, during the period 1990-1993 as part of the Multinational Project for Childhood Diabetes (WHO DIAMOND Project Group). The studied population was 1499.784 inhabitants. All children in whom the diagnosis was made between January 1, 1990 and December 31, 1993 were included. We used a retrospective and prospective search and confirmation method, using as data sources public and private hospitals and medical records of Pediatricians. The Juvenile Diabetes Foundation was used as a secondary data source. All cases had at least two confirmation sources. A total of 176 new cases (90 male) were diagnosed in the study period, with an annual incidence of 2.92/100,000 for females and 2.95 for males. The group of children from 10 to 14 years old had the highest incidence rate (4.9/100,000), specially in women (5.25/100,000). The yearly incidence was 1.31 in 1990, 2.71 in 1991, 2.93 in 1992 and 3.7/1000,000 in 1993. It is concluded that the Metropolitan Region has one of the lowest incidences of IDDM in Latin America, although it increased along the study years.