熔盐水合物处理对生物质基多孔碳材料电化学性能的影响

本研究以速生杨木边材木片为原料进行自水解预处理,将无机熔盐水合物和自水解预处理后的杨木片（APW）加入盐酸溶液中浸渍,经冷冻干燥、碳化、酸洗、水洗及干燥后得到木质生物质基多孔碳材料。探究了APW的不同无机熔盐水合物活化处理对多孔碳材料物理结构性能的影响,测试了将其作为超级电容器电极材料的电化学性能。结果表明,在盐酸溶液中,无机熔盐水合物ZnCl₂和 ZnCO₃活化处理均有利于提高木质生物质基多孔碳材料的电化学性能,且前者比后者的作用效果更强,ZnCl₂活化处理制备的木质生物质基多孔碳材料无序结构更多;当用作超级电容器中的电极材料时,活化剂总质量一定,以ZnCl₂和ZnCO₃组合制备的多孔碳材料的电化学性能更具有优势,在0.2 A/g电流密度下,所制备的电极材料质量比容量可达到143.20 F/g;在2.0 A/g电流密度下,其循环5000次的电容保持率为99.90%;另外,在10 mV/s的扫描速率下,其循环伏安曲线保持了良好闭合的近似矩形形状。     

碳基复合纳米纤维的制备与表征及其电容性

以DMF为溶剂,利用静电纺丝法制备了PAN/Co(OAc)2/CNTs复合纳米纤维,并通过高温碳化及活化的方法得到多孔碳基复合纳米纤维。利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射仪（XRD）、ASAP 2020及Solartron 1470分别研究了纤维的表面形貌、碳基复合纳米纤维的物相、比表面积和材料的电化学性能。研究结果表明：多孔碳材料为C/Co/CNTs复合纳米纤维;前驱体复合纳米纤维表面较为光滑,高温处理处部分纤维出现断裂;碳基复合纳米纤维的比表面积和孔体积分别为771m2/g和0.347cm3/g;在电流密度为1.0A/g时复合纳米纤维的比容量可达210F/g,电流为0.5mA时能量密度为3.1Wh/Kg,电流为5 mA时功率密度为2337W/Kg     

全木质素衍生硬碳电极的制备及储钠性能研究

钠离子电容器结合了电池型负极的高能量密度和电容型正极的高功率密度,成为新一代储能器件,硬碳材料作为电池型负极,是当前的研究热点。本研究以制浆黑液为原料,通过提纯、预碳化和高温热解碳化制备木质素衍生硬碳材料,分析其石墨层间距、微晶结构等性质随碳化温度变化的规律,研究了木质素衍生硬碳电极的电化学性能及储钠机理。研究结果表明,随着碳化温度从800 ℃升高至1600 ℃,木质素衍生硬碳材料的石墨层间距从0.406 nm减小至0.378 nm,赝石墨层比例从52.69%升高至77.60%。此外,在木质素衍生硬碳电极充放电过程中,更多的Na⁺在石墨层间嵌入和脱嵌,电极的平台容量从56.8 mAh/g提高至236.0 mAh/g;在斜坡容量变化不大的情况下,平台容量的大幅增加使木质素衍生硬碳电极的可逆容量高达333.7 mAh/g。根据恒电流间歇滴定技术（GITT）分析可知,Na⁺在木质素衍生硬碳电极中的存储机制符合“吸附-嵌入/填充”模型。     

糠醛渣基磁性多孔炭的制备及其吸附性能研究

以糠醛渣为原料,通过氯化镍浸渍和氯化锌活化制备了糠醛渣衍生的磁性多孔炭。结果表明,制备的多孔炭不仅具有磁性,还含有丰富的官能团和多孔结构;当浸渍后原料与氯化锌的质量比为1∶2时,比表面积达1051 m²/g,45 ℃下对亚甲基蓝的吸附量可达732.5 mg/g,且吸附过程符合准二级动力学方程和Langmuir等温吸附模型。     

木质素调控制备果糖基碳微球及其电化学性能研究

本研究使用果糖作为碳源,木质素磺酸盐协同三嵌段共聚物P123作为模板剂,经过水热碳化法和高温碳化法制备果糖基碳微球材料。探究了木质素磺酸盐对果糖在水热条件下的组装过程及调控机制,并分析果糖基碳微球材料在电化学领域的应用。结果表明,木质素磺酸盐的加入是微球表面形成波纹状突起的决定因素。经高温碳化处理过后得到中空多孔的Yolk-Shell果糖基碳微球材料具有良好的电化学性能,其比表面积为535. 04 m~2/g,孔容为0. 26 cm~3/g;在电流密度为0. 1 A/g时,其比电容为96 F/g,能量密度为3. 16 Wh/kg,功率密度为28. 06 W/kg。     

蔗渣基多孔碳的制备及结构和孔径分布研究

以具有自然分级的甘蔗渣为原料通过炭化和KOH活化制备了高比表面积和丰富微孔结构的多孔碳。对多孔碳制备工艺以碳得率和比表面积为综合考查指标,对活化剂量和活化温度进行优化,并研究蔗渣基多孔碳的孔径分布和表面有机化学组成。结果表明,蔗渣基多孔碳的最佳制备工艺为活化温度700℃,KOH︰炭化蔗渣(CB)剂量比例为4︰1,制备的蔗渣基多孔碳比表面积高达2220.2m2/g,有丰富的微孔结构,且含有部分羧基,是一种非常有前景的重金属离子吸附材料。     

PAN基碳纳米多孔纤维的制备及吸附性能研究

以聚丙烯腈(PAN)和醋酸锌(Zn(CH3COO)2.2H2O)为溶质,N-N二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)为溶剂,采用静电纺丝法成功制备PAN/醋酸锌纳米纤维毡,并探讨醋酸锌含量(相对于PAN)对纳米纤维毡形貌和直径的影响。对PAN/醋酸锌纳米纤维毡进行预氧化、活化、碳化处理,制备得到碳纳米多孔纤维,并对其得率、孔径分布、比表面积及吸附性能进行研究。实验结果显示:预氧化温度的升高使碳纳米多孔纤维的吸附指标先增后减;在600℃~1 000℃的碳化温度范围内,碳化温度的升高使碳纳米多孔纤维的吸附性能均呈现上升趋势,且在1 000℃时达到最大。     

纳米纤维锂电池负极材料的制备及性能分析

探讨一种用于高性能锂离子电池负极材料的制备及性能。通过配制乙酰丙酮铁的聚丙烯腈/聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PAN/PMMA)混合溶液用作前驱液,利用静电纺丝技术制备多孔碳/四氧化三铁纳米纤维。结果表明:多孔碳/四氧化三铁纳米纤维呈现多孔的结构和凹凸不平的形貌,Fe_3O_4纳米粒子均匀地镶嵌在碳基质中;在电流密度为100 mA/g时,多孔碳/四氧化三铁材料电极首次放电比容量高达1 380 mAh/g,经过100次循环后,稳定比容量为641 mAh/g;这种电极材料表现出优良的倍率性能,在电流密度为5 000 mA/g时,其可逆比容量仍维持在330 mAh/g。认为:这种多孔碳/四氧化三铁复合物作为高性能锂电池负极材料具有广泛的应用前景。     

木质素磺酸盐/F127制备形貌可控果糖基介孔碳微球及电化学性能研究

木质素磺酸盐和果糖均为自然界广泛存在的可再生碳基原料,价格低廉,可加工性强。本研究使用果糖作为碳源,木质素磺酸盐协同F127作为软模板,经过水热碳化后得到形貌可调控的果糖基微球,在这个过程中,木质素磺酸盐不仅是形成微球结构的软模板,也是一种分散剂。将果糖基微球进行高温碳化处理,可得到中空多孔的介孔碳微球材料,其比表面积为489.90 m2/g,孔容为0.26 cm3/g,平均孔径为2.22 nm。电流密度为0.1 A/g时,其比电容为95 F/g,能量密度为3.22 Wh/kg,功率密度为28.45 W/kg。     

我国市售饮料与包装接触面积/体积比调查

目的 了解我国饮料包装材料使用情况,研究构建饮料不同类型接触材料的接触面积/体积比(S/V)参数。方法 采集市场销售的不同包装、不同类型的饮料,采用直接测量法或3D面积测量仪计算不同类型饮料的接触面积,结合不同类型饮料的规格,计算S/V。结果 共采集214种不同类型、不同食品接触材料的饮料。72.0%(154/214)的饮料主体接触材料为单一材质,28.0%(60/214)的饮料接触材料为纸(涂层)和马口铁(涂层)等复合材质。不同类型饮料的接触材料S/V的平均值为11.29 dm²/kg,范围为4.26～64.32 dm²/kg。85.0%(182/214)的饮料接触材料的S/V≥6 dm²/kg,73.4%(157/214)介于≥6～12 dm²/kg之间。结论 我国市售大部分饮料的平均S/V大于欧盟评估时采用的6 dm²/kg,利用调查研究获得的参数将会降低食品接触材料风险评估中的不确定性。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.     

Preparatory Work of Print China 2015 is Going Smoothly

正Held at Guangdong Modern International Exhibition Center,Print China 2015 will cover 7exhibition halls,besides the original Hall No.3,4,5,6,7,the newly built F zone of Hall 3 will be used too.The total area will be140,000 square meters.Hall 3:Offset and large printing equipment,package printing equipment,post press