机械合金化能量转换与Ni50Ti50非晶合金的形成

本文报道了球磨转速，装球量对Ｎｉ５０Ｔｉ５０单质混合粉机械合金化的影响，并建立模型用于计算工艺条件对球磨能量转换的影响，进而讨论了它与机械合金化相变反应方式的关系。粉末在每次碰撞的变形能过高时，可能形成金属间化合物，而粉末经长时间球磨获得的总能量超这一定值将引起非晶的晶化。     

高能球磨制备纳米晶Al－Cu合金

利用高能球磨工艺制备了纳米晶Ａｌ－Ｃｕ合金。发现按Ａｌ_（５０）Ｃｕ_（５０）配比纯元素粉末高能球磨时，形成了纳米晶的Ｃｕ_９Ａｌ_４金属间化合物。初步探讨了高能球磨纳米晶金属间化合物的形成过程。     

Ni—Ti—Cu粉末的机械合金化

用ＴＥＭ研究了Ｎｉ４０Ｔｉ５０Ｃｕ１０粉末在球磨过程中，颗粒尺寸及微观结构的变化。球磨６０小时后，得到非晶相粉末。用ＸＲＤ研究了球磨工艺条件对衍射峰相对强度和晶格常数的影响，结果表明，提高球磨转速和球料比，加快颗粒细化和合金化过程，合金化过程中，Ｃｕ和Ｎｉ原子向Ｔｉ中扩散速率较快，这与Ｔｉ的原子半径较大有关。ＤＳＣ测定了晶化转变开始温度为５１１℃。     

高能球磨制备纳米晶Al—Cu合金

利用高能球磨工艺制备了纳米晶Ａｌ－Ｃｕ合金，发现按Ａｌ５０Ｃｕ５０配比纯元素粉同能球地，形成了纳米晶的Ｃｕ９Ａｌ４金属间化合物，初步探讨了高能纳米晶金属间化合物的形成过程。     

镍钛记忆合金薄膜的制备与结构

采用射频溅射法成功地制备了ＮｉＴｉ形状记忆合金薄膜。研究了不同成分靶材对膜最终成分的影响。电子探针和俄歇能义测定结果表明，在Ｎｉ（５０ａｔ％）／Ｔｉ（５０ａｔ％）的靶材上添入量的Ｔｉ，可以获得Ｎｉ／Ｔｉ为１：１的薄膜。     

Ti3Al金属间化合物的熔盐热腐蚀

采用电化学方法并结合扫描电镜、Ｘ射线衍射、电子探针和能谱等物相分析技术研究了Ｔｉ３Ａｌ金属间化合物在８００℃熔融ＮａＣｌ－（Ｎａ，Ｋ）２ＳＯ４体系中的腐蚀行为。结果表明，Ｔｉ３Ａｌ合金耐熔盐蚀性能远低于Ｎｉ基ＩＮ７３８合金。腐蚀时在合金表面形成外层为ＴｉＯ２，内层为富Ｎｂ的Ｎｂ２Ｏ５，Ａｌ２Ｏ３，ＴｉＯ２的混面腐蚀产物层迅速增厚。腐蚀产物内层的富Ｎｂ氧化物破坏了膜层与合金基体的粘附性。     

机械合金化Fe50Ti50非晶的形成及球磨强度对它的影响

本文通过电子扫描和Ｘ衍射对机械合金人Ｆｅ５０Ｔｉ５０非晶粉末形成做了研究。研究发现：机械合金非晶形成可以大致地分为二个阶段－粉末的破碎阶段和非晶的形成阶段。另外，对球磨强度对非晶形成的影响进行了研究。结果表明：强度低时粉末需要较长的时间才能形成非晶，强度高时粉末形成非晶的时间大大缩短，但在随后的球磨中，粉末会重新晶化形成新相。     

热处理对快凝Ni74Si10B16非晶合金热稳定性的影响

本文通过对快凝Ｎｉ７４Ｓｉ０１Ｂ１６非晶合金不同温度与时间下真空热处理样的差热描量热分析及Ｘ射线衍射分析发现，热处理来改变试样的非晶性时，热处理前后试样的晶化温度保持不变；当非晶基体中析出初晶Ｎｉ颗粒时，热处理样的初始晶化温度下降；进一步析出Ｎｉ３Ｂ等晶经相对，热处理样的晶化温度反而上升，根据以前建立的高类金属含量Ｎｉ基非晶合金的晶化机制，本文对此给出了比较合理的解释。     

Al─Ti系高能球磨过程中介稳相变的热力学分析

采用规则溶液模型计算了Ａｌ－Ｔｉ系几个典型相的自由能──成分曲线。对不同温度下自由能──成分曲线的分析表明，采用这种模型可以解释高能球磨时，由Ａｌ，Ｔｉ金属混合物及ＡｌＴｉ金属间化合物向非晶的转变及非晶化的成分区间。     

机械球磨对Ti/Al混合粉末组织和热稳定性影响的研究

为了探索一种制备高综合性能TiAl基金属间化合物的新方法，研究了机械球磨对Ti、Al粉末微观组织及其热稳定性的影响，结果表明，在机械球磨的作用下Al粉末晶粒以高于Ti的速率细化，最终形成局部含少量Ti 纳米晶的非晶，但在整个过程中未发现Ti、Al元素相互扩散形成Ti-Al金属间化合物中间相；不同球磨时间作用下的Ti/Al粉末中贮有不同的能量，且随时间的延长而增加，以非晶化粉末最为显著，内能的增加是由于机械合金化过程引入了大量的微观缺陷所致，对不同球磨时间的粉末进行热处理显示，球磨时间的增加可大幅度降低形成Ti-Al金属间化合物的温度，球磨75h的复合粉末甚至在350℃，保温1h即可转变成金属间化合物。     

Synthesis and Characterization of Nanocrystalline Ni-Ti and Ni-Cr Powders by Mechanical Alloying

Nanocrystalline powders in the Ni-Ti and Ni-Cr systems were prepared by mechanical alloying (MA) of elemental crystalline powders in an inert atmosphere. The microstructure of the mechanically alloyed powders were characterized by XRD and TEM. The ball-milling process results in a drastic decrease of the crystallite size to the nanometer scale. X-ray diffraction analysis reveals that in the Ni-Cr system, no diffraction peaks from NiCr compound were observed even after 20 h of ball milling; while the lattice parameter of Ni increased with the milling time. In the Ni-Ti system, amorphous alloy was formed. Crystalline intermetallic compounds were obtained by post heat treatment of the amorphous alloy.The crystallization temperature of the amorphous NiTi alloy was obtained be DSC measurement.     

Mechanically alloyed Ni50Ti50 and its transformation by thermal treatments

Amorphous powders have been obtained by mechanical alloying (MA) equiatomic powder mixtures of nickel and titanium. The amorphous phase thus formed decomposes upon heating first into the cubic B2 NiTi intermetallic compound; however, further heating promotes the precipitation of the intermetallics Ni₃Ti and NiTi₂. These transformations are shown to occur also in mechanically ground (MG) NiTi wire, but not in this same material exempted from ball-milling processing. It is suggested that this unique behaviour is brought about by the particular structural features of the MA or MG powders, which promote the otherwise sluggish decomposition of B2 NiTi.     

高能球磨时间和退火温度对制备TiNi合金粉的影响

为获得高能球磨时间和退火温度对TiNi机械合金粉特性的影响机制,采用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线能谱仪(EDS)、差示扫描量热法(DSC)等分析方法对TiNi合金粉进行了研究。结果表明,机械合金的相成分随着在氩气保护气氛中的球磨时间和退火温度的不同而发生变化。球磨22h的产物是非晶态TiNi合金、Ti的固溶体、Ni的固溶体,球磨27h的产物是非晶态TiNi合金粉和Ni固溶体相,球磨30h发生了明显的固相反应,生成了TiNi、Ni3Ti、Ti3Ni4等物相;在650℃/5h和1000℃/5h下的退火产物都是Ni3Ti、Ti2Ni、TiNi2、TiNi和TiC,但在上述2个退火温度下TiNi并不是主要物相,其中在650℃退火时TiNi的含量明显更低。     

冷轧 Ni/Ti 多层中的固态非晶化反应——Ⅱ.恒速升温退火处理(英文)

通过重复冷轧 Ni/Ti 包覆粉末制备出 Ni/Ti 多层。使用 XRD,SEM,TEM,DSC 和磁性分析方法研究了该多层由恒速升温退火导致的固态非晶化反应。恒速升温退火时多层中首先形成非晶相,当非晶相层厚超过一临界值后,元素间将通过互扩散形成金属间化合物 Ni_3Ti 和 NiTi,最后已形成的非晶相晶化成金属间化合物 Ni_3Ti 和 Ti_2Ni。首次利用扩散控制的层长大机制和瞬时形核模型,计算了恒速升温退火处理时多层中非晶层长大厚度和金属间化合物的形成温度。     

激光熔敷Ti5Si3/NiTi2复合材料涂层的组织与耐磨性

以Ti-Si-Ni合金粉末为原料，利用激光熔敷技术在BT9钛合金表面制备出了以金属间化合物Ti5Si3为增强相，以NiTi2为基体的Ti5Si3/NiTi2金属间化合物快速凝固耐磨复合材料涂层，Ti5Si3/NiTi2合材料涂层的硬度高，组织均匀，致密，与基材之间为完全冶金结合，在干滑动磨损试验条件下具有很好的耐磨性。     

采用机械合金化方法制备Ti3Ni2合金的结构及电化学储氢性能

采用机械合金化方法用Ni粉和Ti粉得到了Ti3Ni2非晶合金。晶态Ti3Ni2合金初始容量比非晶合金要高。晶态合金初始容量可以达到240mAh／g。而非晶合金容量为173mAh／g。随着循环次数的增加，晶态合金放电容量呈线性下降趋势。而对于非晶电极材料来说，随着循环的进行，初始容量下降，但是达到一定循环次数以后，电极的放电容量达到基本稳定。     

Ni基合金粉末及其非晶涂层的制备与表征

为解决非晶粉末价格昂贵、成型困难等问题,采用真空气雾化法制备了Ni FeCrMoNbBSi合金粉末,利用火焰喷涂焰流温度高、冷凝速度快有利于形成非晶相等特点,经火焰喷涂后制备了镍基非晶涂层。通过XRD、SEM、EDS、TEM等对粉末和涂层的相组织结构、表面形貌和微观特征进行了表征。结果表明:Ni FeCrMoNbBSi合金粉末形貌为球形或近球形,主要由晶体相FeNi3和Ni CrFe固溶体组成,非晶含量较少。制备的Ni基非晶涂层组织结构致密,主要由非晶相和Cr2Ni3金属间化合物组成,非晶含量可达70%(体积分数)。     

Porous NiTi shape memory alloys produced by SHS: microstructure and biocompatibility in comparison with Ti2Ni and TiNi3

Shape memory alloys based on NiTi have found their main applications in manufacturing of new biomedical devices mainly in surgery tools, stents and orthopedics. Porous NiTi can exhibit an engineering elastic modulus comparable to that of cortical bone (12–17 GPa). This condition, combined with proper pore size, allows good osteointegration. Open cells porous NiTi was produced by self propagating high temperature synthesis (SHS), starting from Ni and Ti mixed powders. The main NiTi phase is formed during SHS together with other Ni–Ti compounds. The biocompatibility of such material was investigated by single culture experiment and ionic release on small specimen. In particular, NiTi and porous NiTi were evaluated together with elemental Ti and Ni reference metals and the two intermetallic TiNi₃, Ti₂Ni phases. This approach permitted to clearly identify the influence of secondary phases in porous NiTi materials and relation with Ni-ion release. The results indicated, apart the well-known high toxicity of Ni, also toxicity of TiNi₃, whilst phases with higher Ti content showed high biocompatibility. A slightly reduced biocompatibility of porous NiTi was ascribed to combined effect of TiNi₃ presence and topography that requires higher effort for the cells to adapt to the surface.     

Ion-beam-induced mixing of the bilayered structure amorphous TiNi/Ni

Ion-beam-induced atomic mixing of Ti/Ni and amorphous TiNi/Ni brought about by a 300 keV krypton beam is studied by Rutherford backscattering analysis. It is shown that a predeposited thin amorphous layer of NiTi between titanium and nickel does not affect the mixing of the NiTi couple. Mixing experiments carried out with the bilayered sample (amorphous TiNi/Ni) show that the effective irradiation-enhanced diffusion of nickel into the amorphous alloy NiTi is very large. In all the experiments, the nickel concentration C_Ni in the amorphous alloy tends to the value 0.6.     

Characterization and corrosion behavior of NiTi–Ti2Ni–Ni3Ti multiphase intermetallics produced by vacuum sintering

An in-situ synthesis method was employed to produce NiTi–Ti₂Ni–Ni₃Ti multiphase intermetallics. In this regard, the amorphous/nanocrystalline Ni–Ti powders were sintered at 1300 °C for 2 hrs to obtain Ni–Ti alloys with dense structure. Tafel polarization tests were employed to study corrosion behavior of multiphase materials in 3.5% NaCl and 0.1 M H₂SO₄ corrosive media. The results indicated that the microstructure of sintered samples consists of NiTi(Fe) and Ti₂Ni/Ti₄Ni₂O_x phases embedded in a Ni₃Ti matrix. The synthesized multiphase materials had microhardness up to 873 HV1 kg.Further investigations showed the corrosion performance of multiphase samples in 3.5% NaCl solution was inferior to that of wrought NiTi alloy. In contrast, the corrosion resistance of multiphase samples in 0.1 M H₂SO₄ solution was comparable to that of wrought NiTi alloy.