NiCoLDH nanosheets grown on MOF-derived Co_3O_4 triangle nanosheet arrays for high-performance supercapacitor

Hierarchical Co₃O₄@NiCoLDH nanosheets(NSs)were prepared on carbon cloth through a multistep method,containing Metal-organic frameworks(MOF)-templated thermal annealing and electrodeposition.The triangle-shaped Co₃O_(4 NSs)were firstly obtained by thermal treatment of MOF templates in air.Then,ultrathin NiCoLDH_NSswere in-situ electrodeposited on the surface of Co₃O_4NSs,constructing a core-shell structure.Benefiting the unique hierarchical structure,high conductivity of Co₃O_(4 NSs)core and large surface area of NiCoLDHNSs shell,the Co₃O₄@NiCoLDH_NSsarray served as supercapacitor electrode exhibits excellent electrochemical properties,such as high specific capacitance of 1708 F g^-1(850 C g^-1)at a current density of 1 A g^-1,good rate capability,and excellent cycling stability.Further,the asymmetric supercapacitor assembled by Co₃O₄@NiCoLDH_NSsand activated carbon,also displays superior electrochemical perfo rmance with high energy density and power density.Remarkably,the strategy of constructing core-shell structure based on MOF templates could be extended to other electrochemical fields.     

Nitrogen-doped graphene/carbon nanohorns composite as a high-performance supercapacitor electrode

Nitrogen-doped graphene/carbon nanohorns composite(NGLC) was prepared by one-step co-pyrolysis of graphene oxide, carbon nanohorns(CNHs), urea, and lignosulfonate. CNHs as spacers were inserted into graphene nanosheets. The introduction of CNHs and the loosened nano-structure of NGLC make it achieve a high specific capacitance of 363 Fg~(-1) at a discharge current density of 1 A g~(-1), and NGLC exhibits an ultrahigh stability of 93.5% capacitance retention ratio after 5000 cycles. The outstanding comprehensive electrochemical performance of NGLC could meet the need of the future acted as an efficient supercapacitor electrode material.     

AlF_3包覆改性LiNi_(0.4)Co_(0.2)Mn_(0.4)O_2正极材料的制备与性能

制备了4.6V高截至电压下具有良好循环表现的AlF_3包覆改性LiNi_(0.4)Co_(0.2)Mn_(0.4)O_2正极材料,通过XRD、SEM、交流阻抗(IMP)分析、充放电测试研究了不同用量AlF_3包覆LiNi_(0.4)Co_(0.2)Mn_(0.4)O_2正极材料的结构与电化学性能.结果表明,AlF_3以非晶态形式包覆于LiNi_(0.4)Co_(0.2)Mn_(0.4)O_2材料颗粒的表面.当包覆量<1.0%(摩尔分数,下同)时,AlF_3包覆导致轻微的初始容量损失,但显著抑制了高充电电压下膜阻抗和电荷传递阻抗的增加,较好改善了LiNi_(0.4)Co_(0.2)Mn_(0.4)O_2材料的循环稳定性;当包覆量达到2.0%以上时,因AlF_3无电化学活性,使得初始容量损失过大.综合各方面表现,0.5%AlF_3包覆样品的电化学性能较佳,2.5～4.6V范围0.5C放电容量为182.2mAh·g~(-1),循环30次后容量保持率达88.1%.     

Metal-organic frameworks derived flower-like Co3O4/nitrogen doped graphite carbon hybrid for high-performance sodium-ion batteries

In this work, a novel flower-like cobalt-based metal organic frameworks(MOFs) self-assembled by Co~(2+) and nicotinic acid have been designed and synthesized. After a simple annealing treatment, Co_3O_4 nanoparticles in-situ decorating on nitrogen doped graphite carbon-sheet(Co_3O_4/NC) were obtained. The resultant Co_3O_4/NC hybrid with unique flower-like structure and ration combination of Co_3O_4 nanoparticles and nitrogen doped graphite carbon, endowing the hybrid with enhanced electrical conductivity,short ion diffusion pathways and rich porosity to the materials, which can largely alleviate the problems of Co_3O_4 such as inferior intrinsic electrical conductivity, sluggish ion kinetics and large volume change upon cycling. When evaluated as anode material for sodium-ion batteries(SIBs), the Co_3O_4/NC hybrid exhibits satisfied reversible capacity(213.9 mAh g~(-1) after 100 cycles at 0.1 A g~(-1) ), excellent rate capability(145.4 m Ah g~(-1) at 2 A g~(-1) and 130.1 mAh g~(-1) at 4 A g~(-1) ) and robust long-term cycling stability(120.1 m Ah g~(-1) after 2000 cycles at 0.5 A g~(-1) ), showing great potential for high-performance SIBs.     

Co3O4 纳米粒子的表面改性及其对复合材料性能的影响

Co₃O₄纳米粒子填充耐高温有机硅树脂复合材料,可用来制备耐高温热流传感器表面的吸收热辐射材料。Co₃O₄粒子表面采用接枝处理的方法接枝上甲基丙烯酸丁酯来改善纳米粒子与有机树脂的界面性能和防止粒子间的相互团聚。采用红外分析和热失重分析的方法研究了接枝状态和接枝率。Co₃O₄纳米粒子的表面处理对复合材料界面性能、吸热性能和耐热性能的影响通过透射电镜(TEM)、热流传感器的校正试验、热失重分析(TGA)和热失重的微分曲线(DTG)进行了研究。结果发现,Co₃O₄粒子的表面处理提高了其在有机硅树脂中的分散性能,同时提高热流传感器的热流灵敏度。未改性纳米Co₃O₄粒子的加入降低硅树脂的耐热性;经表面改性的Co₃O₄粒子的加入,提高硅树脂的耐热性。      

Graphene/MnO2 hybrid nanosheets as high performance electrode materials for supercapacitors

Graphene/MnO₂ hybrid nanosheets were prepared by incorporating graphene and MnO₂ nanosheets in ethylene glycol. Scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy analyses confirmed nanosheet morphology of the hybrid materials. Graphene/MnO₂ hybrid nanosheets with different ratios were investigated as electrode materials for supercapacitors by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and galvanostatic charge–discharge in 1 M Na₂SO₄ electrolyte. We found that the graphene/MnO₂ hybrid nanosheets with a weight ratio of 1:4 (graphene:MnO₂) delivered the highest specific capacitance of 320 F g⁻¹. Graphene/MnO₂ hybrid nanosheets also exhibited good capacitance retention on 2000 cycles.     

Enhanced electrochemical capacitance of polyaniline/graphene hybrid nanosheets with graphene as templates

Polyaniline/graphene nanocomposites (PANi/GR) were prepared via PANi covalent grafting from the surface of GR. The unique structure of hybrid nanosheets was formed with uniform PANi layer coating GR without phase separation appearing when the weight ratio of aniline-to-graphene was 1:1. The unique PANi/GR hybrid nanosheets as electrode material for supercapacitors have a specific capacitance as high as 922 F/g at 10 mV/s and still retain a specific capacitance of 106 F/g at a high scan rate of 1 V/s due to synergistic effect between PANi and GR. The capacitance retention was ∼90% after 1000 cycles, which is much better than that of pure PANi or other PANi nanocomposites. The enhanced capacitive performance of PANi/GR hybrid nanosheets makes them have potential application in developing high performance energy storage devices.     

碳包覆介孔四氧化三铁纳米阵列:高性能Ni/Fe水相电池阴极材料

阴极材料的开发对于可充电水相电池的发展具有重要意义.本文通过自牺牲模板法和碳包覆法相结合制备了碳包覆介孔Fe₃O₄纳米阵列阴极材料(Fe₃O₄@C MNAs).得益于包覆碳层、介孔结构和纳米阵列结构的优异特性, Fe₃O₄@C MNAs电极表现出良好的倍率性能和优秀的循环稳定性.在组装的Ni/Fe电池器件中, Fe₃O₄@C MNAs表现出较高的能量密度及功率密度(在能量密度为213.3 W h kg^-1时功率密度为0.658 kW kg^-1和在功率密度为20.7 kW kg^-1时能量密度为113.9 W h kg^-1)和出色的循环稳定性(约5000次循环后保持81.7%).     

NiCo2S4/CNTs复合材料的制备及电化学性能

采用一步水热法合成NiCo2S4和NiCo2S4/CNTs复合材料,通过进行XPS、XRD以及SEM对NiCo2S4、NiCo2S4/CNTs复合材料进行物理表征,采用三电极测试体系在电化学工作站上进行电化学测试。测试结果表明：通过掺杂CNTs改变了NiCo2S4的形貌结构,NiCo2S4在1 A/g电流密度下,比电容可以达到830 F/g,在10 A/g的大电流密度下,比电容保持率仅为78.3%;而NiCo2S4/CNTs复合材料在10 A/g下的比电容保持率可达到78.6%,并且在3 A/g电流密度下循环1000次,比电容保持率高达98.2%。     

Co2O3和MnCO3掺杂对低压ZnO压敏电阻电性能的影响

概述了低压ZnO压敏电阻的重要添加剂的作用,阐述了其电性能"三参数"(压敏电压梯度、非线性系数和漏电流)的影响因素.用低压ZnO压敏电阻的基本配方,以及在此基础上分别添加Co2O3、MnCO3、Co2O3 MnCO3四种配方制备样品作对比实验.发现Co2O3、MnCO3掺杂后都能引起压敏电压梯度升高,非线性系数显著提高,漏电流明显降低,且效果Co2O3 MnCO3大于MnCO3大于Co2O3.对造成上述差别的原因进行了深入分析.     

Facile synthesis of papillae-like polyaniline nanocones on graphene nanosheets for ultracapacitors

Papillae-like polyaniline (PANI) nanocones arrays growing on graphsene nanosheets (GNs) were synthesized in mass at low cost by in situ polymerization with the assistant of ethanol. Scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy images show that papillae-like PANI nanocones arrays are located uniformly on flexible two-dimensional GNs. Electrochemical properties are tested by cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic charge/discharge and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The electrochemical performances of GNs/PANI hybrid are better than those of bare GNs or PANI. GNs/PANI electrode delivered a maximum specific capacitance of 372 F g^?1 at a current density of 0.1 A g^?1 in 1.0 M Na₂SO₄ aqueous solution. And the composite exhibit an excellent cycle life with ~80% specific capacitance retention over 3000 cycles at 1 A g^?1. The GNs/PANI nanocomposites will be one of the most promising flexible electrode materials for high-performance ultracapacitors.     

The effect of activation methods on the electrochemical performance of ordered mesoporous carbon for supercapacitor applications

Ordered mesoporous carbon (CMK-3) was fabricated by a simple nanocasting method using SBA-15 as a hard template. The CMK-3 had a two-dimensional hexagonal mesoporous structure and a specific surface area of approximately 975.9 m² g^?1. The CMK-3 was modified by HNO₃ solutions with magnetic stirring and ultrasonic activation, respectively, to explore the influence of various activation methods on pore structure, surface state, morphology, and electrochemical performance. The CMK-3 modified by ultrasonic activation (CMK-3-US) reached the optimal specific capacitance of 233.4 A g^?1 at 0.5 A g^?1 and retained 94.2% after 500 cycles in 3 M KOH electrolyte. Furthermore, a symmetric supercapacitor was successfully assembled using CMK-3-US electrodes, which delivered an excellent energy density of 21.5 Wh kg^?1 at a power density of 225 W kg^?1 and exhibited great long-term stability with 97.5% retention after 4000 cycles. Compared to magnetic stirring activation, ultrasonic cavitation could better increase the efficiency of the HNO₃ activation for mesoporous carbon particles. The results indicate ultrasonic activation is an efficient way to modify carbon-based electrode materials for supercapacitors.     

聚吡咯/纳米二氧化钛的制备及电化学性能

采用化学原位聚合的方法制备了聚吡咯/二氧化钛(PPy/TiO_2)复合物,其中聚吡咯和二氧化钛的质量比分别为1∶1、2∶1、3∶1、4∶1,将其作为电化学超级电容器的电极材料,采用扫描电子显微镜和X射线衍射仪研究了PPy/TiO_2的形貌和相组成,通过电化学测试研究了PPy/TiO_2的电化学性能.结果表明:TiO_2均匀地包覆在PPy基体中,PPy/TiO_2的电化学性能明显优于纯PPy;当PPy与TiO_2的质量比为3∶1时复合材料的电化学性能最佳,即在2 A/g充放电电流密度下,其比电容达到了255.68 F/g,比纯PPy提高了2倍左右;在1 A/g充放电电流密度下,循环充放电1 000圈之后PPy/TiO_2的比电容保持率为87.2%,纯PPy的比电容保持率仅为46.9%.     

自燃法制备Na掺杂Ca_3Co_4O_9及其热电性能的研究

采用简单的自燃法, 以去离子水为溶剂, 柠檬酸为螯合剂, 硝酸盐为原料制备了金属钠掺杂的(Na_xCa_(1-x))_3Co_4O_9热电材料前驱粉.前驱粉经煅烧、球磨、冷压、烧结等工艺获得块体材料.通过X射线衍射, 扫描电镜观察等方法对样品的结构与形貌进行了分析表征.在573～1073K温度区间内, 测试了材料的电阻率和Seebeck系数.研究表明,试样(x=0.15)在973K时的电阻率可达ρ=5.899mΩ·cm,Seebeck系数S=185μV/K,热电转换功率因子值p=5.802×10~(-6)W/(m·K2).     

Efficient desulfurization of fuel with functionalized mesoporous carbon CMK-3-O and comparison its performance with mesoporous carbon CMK-3

In this work, a functionalized mesoporous carbon (CMK-3-O) was synthesized after oxidation with nitric acid and was used to adsorb dibenzothiophene (DBT) from model oil for the first time. Then, its performance was compared with that of CMK-3. The functionalized mesoporous carbon, CMK-3-O, showed better a capacitance performance for DBT adsorption than that of CMK-3. The maximum adsorption capacity was obtained for functionalized mesoporous carbon at optimum conditions with 6 M HNO₃ aqueous solution and 30 min contact time. The physical and structural properties of CMK-3-O and CMK-3 were investigated with X-ray diffraction method (XRD), N₂ adsorption–desorption isotherm, FT-IR, and elemental analysis (CHNO). Results of the elemental analysis showed that the oxygen and nitrogen content has increased and the carbon content has decreased through oxidation treatment. The effects of various factors on the adsorption process (such as temperature, amount of adsorbent, contact time, and concentration) of DBT were studied. CMK-3-O showed a maximum adsorption capacity of 86.96 mg DBT g^?1 of CMK-3-O at optimized conditions (temperature, 25°C; adsorbent dosage, 20 g L^?1; contact time, 60 min), which was a higher adsorption capacity of that observed for CMK-3 (57.47 mg DBT g^?1 of CMK-3). Kinetic studies have revealed that the adsorption of DBT can be described by a pseudo-second-order rate equation. Equilibrium data showed that adsorption process was best represented by the Langmuir model. The results also illustrated the fact that the regenerated adsorbent afforded 64.3% of the initial adsorption capacity after the two regeneration cycles.     

Ca_3Co_4O_9热电材料研究现状及应用前景

从结构、制备和掺杂改性3个方面论述了氧化物热电材料Ca_3Co_4O_9的研究状况,并简短总结了Ca_3Co_4O_9热电材料的Ca位或Co位掺杂效果,发现Co位掺杂效果不如Ca位掺杂效果明显,指出适当掺杂的Ca_3Co_4O_9是目前最具中高温应用前景的热电材料之一。     

片状纳米Al2O3/环氧树脂复合材料的制备及性能

采用水热法制备片状纳米Al₂O₃,经过偶联剂改性后与环氧树脂复合,通过溶液混合法制备了不同填充量的片状纳米Al₂O₃/环氧树脂复合材料,研究了片状纳米Al₂O₃用量对片状纳米Al₂O₃/环氧树脂复合材料介电性能和热性能的影响,利用SEM对复合材料的断口形貌进行了表征。结果表明: 片状纳米Al₂O₃在环氧树脂基体中分散良好;随着片状纳米Al₂O₃填充量的增加,复合材料的起始热分解温度升高、介电强度增大,当片状纳米Al₂O₃的填充量为7wt%时,复合材料的介电强度为 29.58 kV/mm,比纯环氧树脂的介电强度提高了30%;复合材料的介电常数(3.8~4.5)和介电损耗(0.015)比纯环氧树脂稍有增大,但仍维持在较好的介电性能范围内。     

Controllable synthesis of triangular Ni(HCO<Subscript>3</Subscript>)<Subscript>2</Subscript> nanosheets for supercapacitor

Triangular Ni(HCO₃)₂ nanosheets were synthesized via a template-free solvothermal method. The phase transition and formation mechanism were explored systematically. Further investigation indicated that the reaction time and pH have significant effects on the morphology and size distribution of the triangular Ni(HCO₃)₂ nanosheets. More interestingly, the resulting product had an ultra-thin structure and high specific surface area, which can effectively accelerate the charge transport during charge–discharge processes. As a result, the triangular Ni(HCO₃)₂ nanosheets not only exhibited high specific capacitance (1,797 F·g^-1 at 5 A·g^-1 and 1,060 F·g^-1 at 50 A·g^-1), but also showed excellent cycling stability with a high current density (~80% capacitance retention after 5,000 cycles at the current density of 20 A·g^-1).

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g-C3N4/Pb复合材料制备及其在铅炭电池负极材料中的应用

为改善铅炭电池的析氢缺陷,提高电池循环使用寿命,以尿素为前驱体制备层状石墨相氮化碳(g-C₃N₄),并将其作为添加剂制备铅炭电池负极板,以活性炭(AC)为对照,研究了g-C₃N₄结构和添加量对铅炭电池电化学性能的影响。结果表明：g-C₃N₄的加入使析氢反应(HER)得到明显抑制,-1.5 V下1wt%gC₃N₄负极板的析氢电流仅为AC负极板的5%。交流阻抗谱图显示1wt%g-C3N4和AC负极材料阻抗(Rs)为0.19868Ω和1.749Ω。更重要的是1wt%g-C₃N₄负极板比电容比1wt%AC负极板高344%。在5 000 h高倍率部分荷电态(HRPSoC)下的电池循环寿命测试中,加入g-C₃N₄后电池寿命比加入AC提升62%。500次循环后,电池容量保持率仍有70%。g-C₃N₄     

Preparation and characterization of Nb2O5-Al2O3 composite oxide formed by cathodic electroplating and anodizing

Al foil was coated with niobium oxide by cathodic electroplating and anodized in a neutral boric acid solution to achieve high capacitance in a thin film capacitor. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) revealed the niobium oxide layer on Al to be a hydroxide-rich amorphous phase. The film was crystalline and had stoichiometric stability after annealing at temperatures up to 600 °C followed by anodizing at 500 V, and the specific capacitance of the Nb₂O₅-Al₂O₃ composite oxide was approximately 27% higher than that of Al₂O₃ without a Nb₂O₅ layer. The capacitance was quite stable to the resonance frequency. Overall, the Nb₂O₅-Al₂O₃ composite oxide film is a suitable material for thin film capacitors.