CrFeCoNiB0.05Tix高熵合金的显微组织和力学性能

采用机械合金化和放电等离子烧结工艺制备了CrFeCoNiB_0.05Ti_x(x=0.2、0.4、0.6、0.8、1.0)高熵合金材料,通过X射线衍射分析、扫描电镜观察和能谱分析以及维氏硬度测试和压缩强度测试等,研究了Ti含量对高熵合金微观组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明,CrFeCoNiB_0.05Ti_x(x=0.2、0.4、0.6、0.8、1.0)高熵合金由FCC、BCC和α相组成。当x=1.0时,合金由BCC结构转向HCP结构并析出新相Laves相,其具有最高硬度416.54 HV0.2。当x=0.8时,合金达到最大抗压强度586.3 MPa。     

AlxFeCoNiB0.1高熵合金的微观组织和力学性能研究

采用真空电弧炉熔炼制备了AlxFeCoNiB0.1（x=0.4,0.5,0.8,1.2,1.6 at%）高熵合金,并对其微观组织和力学性能进行测试。随Al含量增加,合金的铸态枝晶由FCC相转变为B2(AlNi)/BCC相。当x=0.4和0.5时,合金的组织由枝晶FCC相和枝晶间组织B2相及(Fe,Co)2B组成;x=0.8时,枝晶由B2相组成,枝晶间由FCC相及(Fe,Co)2B组成;x=1.2时,枝晶间由共晶组织FCC+(Fe,Co)2B组成,BCC呈纳米级颗粒状;x=1.6时,共晶组织消失。随Al含量的增加,抗压拉强度先上升后下降,Al含量为0.8时达到峰值,为2243MPa,适量的Al能提高高熵合金综合力学性能。     

粉末冶金Ti-Al-Mo-V-Ag合金的显微组织与力学性能

通过粉末冶金元素混合法,制备含α及β相的Ti-Al-Mo-V-Ag合金。通过X射线衍射、金相观察、扫描电镜观察及力学性能测试,研究Ag的添加及烧结温度对Ti-5Al-4Mo-4V合金的组织与性能影响。结果表明：Ag的添加能提高粉末冶金Ti-5Al-4Mo-4V合金的的相对密度,改善合金的力学性能;在1250℃下烧结4h后,Ti-5Al-4Mo-4V-5Ag合金的相对密度及抗压缩强度分别达到96.3%和1656MPa。     

AlZnMgCuMn高熵合金的微观组织、力学和耐腐蚀性能及其机理

为探究轻质高熵合金AlZnMgCuMn的微观组织、力学性能、耐腐蚀性能及合适的热处理工艺,本研究采用XRD、SEM、EDS分析了合金的微观组织,通过电子万能试验机和维氏硬度计测试其力学性能,利用动电位极化测试、阻抗谱、CLSM和AFM对耐腐蚀性能及其机理进行分析。结果表明,AlZnMgCuMn高熵合金由Al-Mn准晶体相和hcp相组成,前者表现为枝晶形貌,后者则分布于枝晶间。热处理对两相形貌、分布和体积分数的影响较小。铸态AlZnMgCuMn的抗压强度、压缩率和显微维氏硬度(HV0.5)分别为415MPa、4.4%、4519.7MPa,自腐蚀电位和电流分别为-726.344 mV和1.882μA/cm2。电化学腐蚀之后合金表面产生明显的腐蚀坑,其深度约为11.8μm,枝晶Al-Mn相具有较低的电位作为阳极而优先被腐蚀,随着腐蚀的加剧,腐蚀微区彼此连接并发展成为大面积的腐蚀坑。     

机械合金化制备AgCu20Ni2合金的组织和性能

研究了机械合金化诱发AgCu20Ni2过饱和合金粉末的形成及粉末冶金方法制备AgCu20Ni2合金的过程,对获得的AgCu20Ni2合金的组织和物理性能关系进行了分析,探讨了制备工艺和冷压变形对合金综合性能的影响。结果表明：采用高能球磨30 h,可获得纳米晶的过饱和合金粉末;合金粉末制备的AgCu20Ni2合金由富Ag的基体α相和均匀分布的析出β相构成,析出相界面结构能有效阻碍基体中位错的运动,强化效果明显。合金断口的SEM、EDS分析表明,AgCu20Ni2合金的断裂类型为韧性断裂。     

双步球磨和放电等离子烧结TiAl基合金的显微组织和力学性能(英文)

采用双步球磨法和放电等离子烧结技术制备细晶Ti-45Al-2Cr-2Nb-1B-0.5Ta-0.225Y(摩尔分数,%)合金,并研究烧结温度、显微组织和力学性能之间的关系。结果表明:双步球磨粉末的颗粒形状较规则,其颗粒尺寸为20～40μm,主要由TiAl和Ti3Al相组成。放电等离子烧结后的块体由主相TiAl、少量的Ti3Al相及Ti2Al和TiB2相组成。当烧结温度为900°C时,烧结块体获得的主要组织是等轴晶组织,等轴晶粒尺寸大多数在100~200nm的范围内,合金的压缩断裂强度为2769MPa,压缩率为11.69%,抗弯强度为781MPa;当烧结温度为1000°C时,等轴晶粒明显长大,TiB2相明显增多,合金的压缩断裂强度为2669MPa,压缩率为17.76%,抗弯强度为652MPa。随着烧结温度的升高,合金的维氏硬度由658降低到616。压缩断口形貌分析表明,合金的断裂方式为沿晶断裂。     

轧制变形对高熵合金微观组织和力学性能的影响

对(FeNi)₆₇Cr₁₅Mn₁₀Al₅Ti₃高熵合金进行退火、冷轧和热轧+冷轧等工艺处理,采用X射线衍射仪、扫描电镜和万能试验机分别对合金进行物相组成、组织形貌以及力学性能测试和表征。结果表明,铸态和退火态的非等主元(FeNi)₆₇Cr₁₅Mn₁₀Al₅Ti₃高熵合金更易形成单相固溶体;在中等变形的热轧+冷轧工艺下,合金形成FCC+BCC的双相固溶体,其屈服强度可提高到460.0 MPa;在中等变形的冷轧工艺下,合金会形成细小的金属间化合物,从而具有细小金属间化合物强化机制,使屈服强度显著提升并达到722.0 MPa,同时,合金仍具有约25.7%的均匀伸长率,综合力学性能最佳。     

机械合金化-热压制备Nb/NbCr2复合材料的组织与性能

采用机械合金化与热压工艺制备以Nb固溶体为软第二相的Laves相Nb/NbCr2复合材料。研究不同成分的Nb、Cr元素粉经20 h球磨后在1 250℃,0.5 h热压工艺下所获得的Nb/NbCr2复合材料的组织和性能。结果表明：随着偏离Laves相化学配比的Nb含量的增大,材料的致密度、抗压强度、塑性应变均增加,而维氏硬度减小。Laves相含量为29%的Cr-77.5Nb合金的组织均匀,Nb固溶体与Laves相间隔分布,晶粒尺寸达到亚微米级,屈服强度为2 790 MPa,抗压强度为3 174 MPa,塑性应变达到5.44%,充分实现了细晶和软第二相综合增韧的效果。     

Decomposition kinetics of carbon-doped FeCoCrNiMn high-entropy alloy at intermediate temperature

Phase decomposition kinetics and the corresponding mechanical properties of the severe cold-rolled (SCRed) carbon-doped (1.3 at.%) equimolar FeCoCrNiMn high-entropy alloy (HEA) after being annealed at 500 °C were investigated. This single face-centered cubic (FCC) solid-solution HEA decomposed to M₂₃C₆+L1₀, B2, and σ in chronological order. The formation kinetics of the L1₀, B2, and σ phases followed the Johnson−Mehl−Avrami− Kolmogorov (JMAK) equation. The yield strength of the HEA was 1520 MPa and increased to 1920 MPa after being annealed at 500 °C for 1 h, as a result of the formation of nanosized M₂₃C₆ and L1₀. Both strength and ductility decreased after 2 d of annealing due to the increase of volume fractions and the coarsening of the M₂₃C₆ and L1₀ precipitates. From 4 to 32 d, the hardness was found to increase, which is ascribed to the rapid formation of the B2 and σ phases. From 32 to 64 d, the hardness increased further to finally reach about HV 760, with the FCC matrix almost exhausted to form the M₂₃C₆, L1₀, B2, and σ phases. The results of this work may serve as a guide for the heat-treatment of carbon-doped HEAs.     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of the TiZrNbMoTa refractory high-entropy alloy produced by mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering

The equiatomic refractory high entropy alloy (HEA) TiZrNbMoTa was investigated. The alloyed powders with face-centered cubic (FCC) structured solid solution phase were prepared by mechanical alloying (MA) and then sintered by spark plasma sintering (SPS) at 1300, 1400, 1500, and 1600 °C. The microstructure and mechanical properties of the bulk alloy were investigated. The body-centered cubic (BCC) structured solid solution phase and the ZrO₂ phase precipitated from the FCC structured solid solution phase during cool-down from sintering. The highest compression fracture strength (3759 MPa) and fracture strain (12.1%) were obtained in the refractory HEA sintered at 1400 °C. The grain boundary strengthening, precipitation strengthening, solid solution strengthening, transformation-induced plastic (TRIP) effect, and toughening effect of the ZrO₂ phase are the important factors for the high strength and ducitily of the refractory HEA prepared in this study.     

Hf含量对NbMo0.5HfxTiZrCrAl难熔高熵合金组织及力学性能的影响

采用真空非自耗电弧熔炼的方法制备了5种名义成分为NbMo0.5HfxTiZrCrAl(x=0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, at.%)的难熔高熵合金。研究了Hf对合金组织及力学性能的影响规律。结果表明：添加Hf和不添加Hf的合金的微观组织均由两种BCC相（即BCC1和BCC2）和Laves相构成。在未添加Hf的合金中,BCC1相中主要富含Zr、Cr和Al元素,BCC2相中主要富含Nb、Ti和Mo元素。而在添加Hf的合金中,BCC1相中主要富含Hf、Zr、Cr、Mo和Al元素,BCC2相中主要富含Nb和Ti元素。随着Hf含量的增加,BCC1相的含量逐渐增加,且BCC1和BCC2相的晶格常数均有所增大。此外,随着Hf含量的增加,合金的硬度和脆性均逐渐增加,而合金在1200 ℃的抗压强度逐渐降低。     

Alloying behavior and novel properties of CoCrFeNiMn high-entropy alloy fabricated by mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering

An equiatomic CoCrFeNiMn high-entropy alloy was synthesized by mechanical alloying (MA) and spark plasma sintering (SPS). During MA, a solid solution with refined microstructure of 10 nm which consists of a FCC phase and a BCC phase was formed. After SPS consolidation, only one FCC phase can be detected in the HEA bulks. The as-sintered bulks exhibit high compressive strength of 1987 MPa. An interesting magnetic transition associated with the structure coarsening and phase transformation was observed during SPS process.     

不完全再结晶Fe40Mn10Cr25Ni25高熵合金的室温及低温力学性能

采用冷轧和退火热处理工艺制备了不完全再结晶结构的Fe40Mn10Cr25Ni25高熵合金,分析了合金的室温(298 K)及低温(77 K)拉伸时的力学性能.结果表明,合金具有优良的室温及低温力学性能,合金在低温拉伸时强度和塑性均得到了提高,其室温强度和断后伸长率分别为880 MPa和18％,低温强度和断后伸长率分别为1...     

铝/钢光纤激光填充粉末熔钎焊接头界面组织与力学性能

采用经积分镜整形为矩形的光纤激光光斑,对AA6061/镀锌钢异种金属接头进行了激光填充粉末熔钎焊连接,并分析了接头连接界面的显微组织及其对接头力学性能的影响.结果表明,选择优化的焊接参数,获得了成形饱满、无裂纹气孔等缺陷的焊缝;熔钎焊接头的金属间化合物组织由层状和枝晶状两部分组成.层状金属间化合物组织由Fe2Al5组成,枝晶状金属间化合物组织由τ1(Al2Fe3Si3)和Fe4Al13组成;拉伸试样均断裂在钎料/镀锌钢界面,断口呈脆性断裂特征.接头机械抗力水平由连接界面宽度与金属间化合物层最大厚度的比值决定.     

铁对粉末冶金法制备铝基复合材料微观组织和力学性能及磁学性能的影响(英文)

研究铁对粉末冶金法制备铝基复合材料微观组织、力学性能及磁学性能的影响。利用机械混合制备含0,5%,10%和15%Fe(质量分数)的铝基复合材料。Al-Fe混合粉末经压制后在真空炉中600°C烧结1 h。XRD结果表明:在含有5%和10%Fe的试样中只有Fe和Al的衍射峰,而含有15%Fe的试样中则存在Al和Al13Fe4的衍射峰。实验结果表明:随着Fe含量的增加,材料的致密度和导热性变差。复合材料中的Fe可以提高其强度和硬度。材料的强化机制包括基体的晶粒细化,Fe颗粒的均匀分布以及Al13Fe4金属间化合物的形成。含有5%Fe试样的磁化强度为0.3816×10-3A·m2/g,对于含有10%Fe的试样,其磁化强度增加至0.6597×10-3A·m2/g,而对于含有15%Fe试样,其磁化强度降低至0.0702×10-3A·m2/g。这是由于在高铁试样中形成了反磁性的Al13Fe4金属间化合物导致磁化强度降低。     

Effect of hot extrusion on microstructure and mechanical properties of quasicrystal-reinforced Mg-Zn-Y alloy

The microstructure and mechanical properties of as-cast and as-extruded Mg-Zn-Y alloy （Mg-11 %Zn- 0.9%Y, mass fraction） containing Mg3 YZn6 quasicrystal were studied. The eutectic icosahedral quasicrystal phase （I-phase） is broken and almost distributes along the extrusion direction, and fine I-phase with nano-size is precipitated during the extrusion. The a-Mg matrix grains are refined due to recrystallization occuring during the hot extrusion. Some {1012} twins are observed in the extruded ZW1101 alloy. And {0002}（1010） fiber texture is formed in matrix alloys after hot extrusion. The extruded alloy exhibits high strength in combination with large elongation at room temperature. The strengthening mechanism of the as-extruded alloy was discussed.     

放电等离子烧结Ti-43Al-9V合金显微组织和力学性能(英文)

采用机械合金化和放电等离子烧结工艺制备细晶Ti-43Al-9V合金,研究不同烧结温度与显微组织和力学性能之间的关系。结果表明:机械球磨后粉末形状规则,尺寸在5～30μm之间,烧结所得块体材料主要由γ-TiAl、α2-Ti3Al和少量B2相组成。烧结温度为1150°C时,获得的等轴晶粒尺寸为300nm～1μm。烧结温度升高到1250°C时,等轴晶粒的尺寸明显增大,显微硬度从HV592降低到HV535,抗弯强度从605降低到219MPa,压缩断裂强度从2601降低到1905MPa,压缩率从28.95%降低到12.09%。     

耐热Mg-Zn-Si-Ca合金的显微组织和力学性能

开发了一种新型的Mg Zn Si Ca合金 ,研究了新合金的组织与力学性能之间的关系。研究结果表明 ,Mg 6Zn 1Si合金有较好的综合力学性能。但是由于合金中的主要强化相Mg2 Si呈粗大的汉字状 ,分布于晶界周围 ,在受到应力作用时 ,这种汉字状相与基体的界面处容易产生微裂纹 ,降低合金的抗拉强度、塑性等力学性能。在Mg 6Zn 1Si合金中加入微量Ca后 ,合金的组织得到明显细化 ,并使Mg2 Si强化相形貌由粗大的汉字状转变为细小、弥散分布的颗粒状。由于显微组织的改善 ,使得Mg 6Zn 1Si合金的室温和高温力学性能均有一定的提高     

Microstructures and mechanical properties of a welded CoCrFeMnNi high-entropy alloy

The response of the CoCrFeMnNi high-entropy alloy to weld thermal cycles was investigated to determine its applicability as an engineering structural material. Two processes were used: high-energy-density, low-heat-input electron beam (EB) welding and low-energy-density, high-heat-input gas tungsten arc (GTA) welding. Weldability was determined through comprehensive microstructural and mechanical property characterisation of the welds. The welds did not develop solidification cracking or heat-affected zone cracks. The microstructures in weld fusion zones are similar to that in the as-cast materials, consisting of large columnar grains with dendrite. The dendrite arm spacing and the extent of elemental segregation were less in the welds than in the cast ingot, and also were less pronounced in the EB weld than in the GTA weld. Compositional microsegregation between dendritic cores and interdendritic regions of the welds was insignificant. Both welds exhibited slightly higher yield strengths than the base metal. The EB weld possessed comparable tensile strength and ductility to that of the base metal. In comparison, the GTA weld maintained ～80% of the base metal’s tensile strength and 50% of the ductility.     

High-temperature brazing alloys produced by mechanical alloying

Mechanical alloying (MA) is proposed and tested as an alternative method of producing high-temperature brazing alloys. The oxygen content and distribution in the volume of the particles were determined in the powders of the high-temperature brazing alloy, produced by MA and dispersion of the melt. To reduce the oxygen content, the mechanically alloyed powders of the brazing alloy were refined in nitrogen. The data are presented for the experimental brazed joints produced with high-temperature brazing alloys prepared by MA with or without subsequent refining.