鞣酸体系下黄铜矿与黄铁矿浮选动力学分析

在铜硫硫化矿浮选实践中,一般通过添加大量的浮选药剂强压强拉以实现硫化铜和硫化铁矿物的浮选分离。利用铜硫硫化矿物在浮选药剂体系下浮选速率的差异,可以实现其清洁浮选分离。本文通过分批次刮泡浮选试验研究了鞣酸体系下黄铜矿及黄铁矿浮选行为和浮选动力学特性,计算了黄铜矿、黄铁矿在鞣酸体系下的浮选速率常数。研究结果表明,鞣酸能有效地抑制黄铁矿的浮选,而对黄铜矿的抑制作用较弱。在鞣酸体系下,黄铜矿的浮选速率明显大于黄铁矿的浮选速率,黄铜矿的平均浮选速率常数为0.80,而黄铁矿的平均浮选速率常数只有0.31。通过数学方法拟合了两种矿物在鞣酸体系下的浮选动力学模型,拟合结果表明,黄铜矿和黄铁矿浮选动力学均适用于改进的分速一级模型。     

云南某含锡多金属硫化矿选矿实验研究

对云南某含锡多金属硫化矿进行了工艺矿物学和选矿实验研究. 结果表明,矿石中铅锌品位低,铅、锌矿物相互交代、包裹,嵌布粒度不均匀,采用优先浮铅、再选锌的原则流程,利用铅矿物与锌、硫矿物间可浮性差异较大的特点,采用石灰、亚硫酸钠和硫酸锌抑制锌、硫,以乙基黄药为铅捕收剂优先浮选铅矿物,选铅尾矿用硫酸铜作活化剂活化闪锌矿选锌;锡矿物与黄铁矿、磁黄铁矿等矿物共生关系复杂,且嵌布粒度较细,选锌尾矿经脱硫浮选后采用重磁联合流程回收锡矿物. 通过闭路实验,得到含铅40.92%、银1610.53 g/t、铅回收率81.25%、银回收率77.03%的铅精矿,锌精矿含锌43.23%、回收率为85.92%,硫精矿含硫42.57%,作业回收率为87.65%,锡精矿含锡42.38%,作业回收率为59.29%.     

烷基羟肟酸浮选胶磷矿与白云石的性能研究

本文研究了螯合捕收剂——烷基羟肟酸(AH)对胶磷矿与白云石纯矿物的分选性能,揭示了捕收剂用量、pH、浮选温度、Ca2+、Mg2+、Fe3+及HPO42-对浮选性能的影响;羟肟酸实际矿物浮选,获得了P2O5品位31.16%,回收率90.73%,MgO品位1.26%的精矿指标。     

青海某铜矿浮选试验研究

试验的原样含Cu1．38％,TFe40．66％,TS38．58％,Co0．05％。主要金属矿物黄铁矿、黄铜矿、闪锌矿和磁铁矿等。根据原矿性质及现场流程,本次试验对“二粗三精二扫”浮选流程做了详细的选矿试验研究,最终获得铜精矿品位16．75％,回收率79．95％,该指标比较理想。     

南、北采区矿石混选工艺的生产实践

过去只用易选的北采区矿石生产高品位硫精矿,造成两采区高差悬殊,浮选尾矿水呈酸性,需处理后排放。采用南、北采区矿石混选工艺后,浮选尾矿水pH6.5,年节约尾矿水处理费45万元,磨矿处理能力提高20％～30％,球耗也有所下降。在原来二粗—精一扫流程的基础上将相选前两槽的精矿直接作最终精矿,回收率提高2.32％     

浮选-浸出处理土耳其氧化铜矿工艺

采用浮选-浸出处理含铜2.09%的土耳其氧化铜矿,该矿有用矿物主要为孔雀石、蓝铜矿、硅孔雀石及少量硫化铜,铜矿物氧化率高,嵌布粒度较细,矿石易泥化. 通过浮选回收易浮的硫化铜和部分孔雀石和少量蓝铜矿,获得品位25.04%、回收率为57.25%的浮选铜精矿,浮选尾矿中的蓝铜矿和硅孔雀石采用硫酸浸出,含铜量由0.94%降至0.05%,浸出率达94.68%,实现了目的矿物的有效回收.     

Improvement of the Flotation Selectivity in a Mechanical Flotation Cell by Ultrasound

In this study, the effect of ultrasound on froth and pulp phases has been investigated in the flotation of two different ore samples, namely barite and chalcopyrite. In order to determine the overall flotation rate constants at various froth depths, incremental recoveries obtained from the flotation tests with and without ultrasound were fitted to a first-order rate equation. Thus, the recoveries of froth and pulp phases were calculated.

The use of ultrasound speeded up the bubble coalescence and therefore reduced the froth phase recovery in the ultrasonic flotation of both barite and chalcopyrite. In addition, the results indicate that there is a considerable effect of ultrasound on the pulp phase recovery in the chalcopyrite flotation whereas no significant differences in the separation performance were obtained from the ultrasonic flotation of barite with and without ultrasound. The results also indicate that a pronounced selectivity effect was obtained from the ultrasonic flotation of both barite and chalcopyrite. The use of ultrasound in the froth remarkably improves the quality of the chalcopyrite concentrate, especially at the shallow froths. Therefore, either effective pulp volume can be increased without sacrificing the separation selectivity or the pulp density can be decreased to obtain better product quality at shallow froths in the ultrasonic flotation of chalcopyrite.     

Removal of Heavy Metals from Missouri Lead Mill Tailings by Froth Flotation

Abstract

The U.S. Bureau of Mines investigated froth flotation techniques to remove heavy metals (Pb, Cu, and Zn) from southeast Missouri lead mill tailings. It has been estimated that southeast Missouri contains between 200 and 300 million st of Pb tailings stored above ground. The tailings were classified as two distinct types: (1) pre-1968 tailings from the Old Lead Belt (some more than 100 years old) and (2) post-1968 tailings from the New Lead Belt. The objectives of the investigation were to reduce the Pb remaining in the tailings to <500 ppm (<0.05 pct Pb) and to attempt to recover a marketable concentrate to offset a portion of the remediation costs. The remaining dolomite-limestone would then be used as mining backfill or agricultural limestone. Bench-scale froth flotation removed, in percent, 95 Pb, 84 Cu, and 54 Zn, leaving 94 pct of the original weight containing, in parts per million, 400 Pb, 40 Cu, and 300 Zn from the Old Lead Belt tailings. Separate flotation tests also removed, in percent, 85 Pb, 84 Cu, and 80 Zn, leaving 75 pct of the original weight containing, in parts per million, 400 Pb, 200 Cu, and 500 Zn from the New Lead Belt tailings. Concentrates recovered from the Old Lead Belt were retreated to produce a final Pb concentrate containing 72 pct Pb with a cleaner flotation recovery of 79 pct. Froth flotation proved to be a viable method to remove the heavy metals.     

Diagnostic analysis of electrodialysis in mine tailing materials

Removal of heavy metals from mine tailings and soil contaminated by copper mining activities was studied under batch electrodialytic conditions. Two types of mine tailings were treated: (i) freshly produced tailings coming directly from the flotation process, and (ii) tailings deposited in a tailings pond, for approximately 20 years. The main contaminant was copper—found in concentration around 800-1800 ppm. The fractionation of copper and other characteristics of the tailings differ for the two tailings, indicating natural oxidation reactions in the old deposited ones. Electrodialytical removal results of a soil sampled close to an abandoned cupric pyrite mine—mainly polluted with lead (around 3800 ppm) are also presented. The results show that the heavy metals could be mobilized in all three contaminated solid materials using the electrodialytic process.The effect of adding different types of extracting solutions, such as distilled water, or H₂SO₄ at pH 0, H₂SO₄ + HNO₃ at pH 1.9 and 4.2 or NH₄Cl, in the electrodialytic cell, was investigated. From all the experiments, H₂O presented the best performance for the electro-removal of Cu from the old deposited mine tailings, achieving 63%. However, water removed only 15% of Pb from the soil, and no Cu from the fresh tailings. The soil fractionation of the metals before and after the experiments was evaluated by sequential chemical extractions, in order to work further on the optimization of the remediation conditions.     

新华含稀土磷矿浮选实验研究

采用反浮选工艺,研究了抑制剂种类及用量、捕收剂WF-01用量、浮选时间、矿浆浓度和磨矿细度等因素对新华含稀土磷矿浮选效果的影响,并对较佳浮选条件下获得的磷精矿和尾矿进行了稀土分析. 结果表明,浮选剂选用WF-01,工业硫酸不适宜单独作为此矿样浮选时磷矿物的抑制剂,而采用工业磷酸作为抑制剂和矿浆pH值调整剂,在磷酸用量9 kg/t、捕收剂WF-01用量0.8 kg/t、浮选时间9 min、磨矿细度82%为-74 mm、矿浆浓度35%的浮选条件下,可获得较好的浮选和稀土富集效果,磷精矿的P2O5品位可从原矿的21.71%增加到32%以上,回收率达到90%;在浮选过程中稀土主要富集在磷精矿中,富集比为1.56,在精矿中的含量为87.09%.     

The effect of pH,solid content,water chemistry and ore mineralogy on the galvanic interactions between chalcopyrite and pyrite and steel balls

The role of pH, solid content, water chemistry and ore mineralogy on the galvanic interactions between chalcopyrite and pyrite and low alloy steel balls were investigated in the grinding of Sarcheshmeh porphyry copper sulfide ore. All these factors strongly affect the galvanic current between the minerals and the steel during the grinding process. The galvanic current density decreased as the solution pH and percent solids increased. In addition, changing the water in the ball mill from tap to distilled water reduced the galvanic current between the minerals and the balls. Potentiodynamic polarization curves showed that pyrite and chalcopyrite demonstrated typical active-passive-transpassive anodic behavior in the grinding of copper ore. However, the nature of their transitions from the active to the passive state differed. This behavior was not seen in the grinding of pure minerals. In addition, an EDTA extraction technique was employed to quantify the amount of oxidized iron in the mill discharge. The amount of extractable iron was influenced by the same experimental factors and in the same way as the galvanic current.     

Applying One-Stage Grinding and Flotation to Improving Copper Recovery of a Fine-Grained Cu-Mo Sulphide Ore

This paper introduces the mineralogy of a fine-grained Cu-Mo sulphide ore, and the relationship between grinding fineness and flotation performance. Results show that the grinding fineness is a key factor affecting the recovery of copper and molybdenum. The result of one stage grinding and flotation is much better than that of grinding and flotation by stages, because an over grinding of chalcopyrite caused by regrinding of Cu-Mo bulk concentrate can be avoided. Finally, a simple flowsheet has been developed, that is, one-stage fine grinding of raw ore to 90% ?0.074 mm, and a bulk flotation to produce a bulk concentrate by one-stage roughing, two stages of cleaning and one-stage scavenging, followed by three times of Cu-Mo flotation separation. When the feed contains 0.50% Cu and 0.19% Mo, the obtained copper and molybdenum concentrates assay 19.23% Cu and 48.53% Mo with the recoveries of 85.5% and 90.96%, respectively.     

云南某煤系硫铁矿煤硫综合回收工艺研究

为了有效利用云南某地煤系硫铁矿,采取选煤与选硫铁矿的综合回收方案.在矿石化学多元素分析以及硫形态分析的基础上,进行了螺旋溜槽—摇床重选试验、浮选试验.试验最终采用浮选闭路试验流程,先浮选煤,单独浮选出中矿(该产品并入尾矿),再浮选硫铁矿,最后得到了产率5.38％,碳品位40.32％,含硫7.05％,碳回收率33.76％的煤精矿;产率24.00％,硫品位47.59％,含碳9.64％,硫回收率72.74％的硫精矿,实现了煤和硫铁矿综合回收的目的.     

浮选磷矿尾矿再选试验探索

云南某磷矿浮选尾矿主要矿物为胶磷矿,脉石矿物为石英-硅酸盐类矿物。对该浮选尾矿进行工艺矿物学研究和再磨再选试验,结果表明,可以获得磷精矿品位26.96%,回收率65.79%,尾矿磷品位4.72%的良好指标。     

Selective copper–iron dissolution from a molybdenite concentrate using bacterial leaching

The present research reports on the selective dissolution of copper and iron from a Chilean molybdenite concentrate using mesophilic, moderate and extreme thermophilic culture bacteria. From the results obtained it is deduced that molybdenite is not attacked by any of the above mentioned microorganisms, whereas the attack of the copper–iron species is dependent on various experimental conditions: pH, potential, pulp density, or addition of silver as catalyst. Optimal copper–iron dissolution is obtained using extreme thermophilic microorganisms and low pulp density (2% w/v). Total selective dissolution of chalcopyrite is achieved which leads to a pure molybdenite concentrate being obtained. © 2001 Society of Chemical Industry     

Bio-dissolution of copper from Khetri lagoon material by adapted strain of Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans

Bioleaching involves the use of iron and sulfur oxidizing microorganisms to catalyze the dissolution of valuable metals. In this investigation, lagoon material contains 0.39% Cu, in which the major copper bearing mineral is chalcopyrite associated with other minerals present as minor phase. Leaching experiments were carried out using an adapted strain of Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans with various parameters such as presence/absence of iron, pH, pulp density and temperature. Base of the medium was 9 K (without ferrous) Bio-dissolution of copper was found to be maximum, i.e., 80.9% with 9 K⁺ (with ferrous) at pH-2.0, 10% pulp-density and 35 °C within an incubation period of 30 days.     

从云南某高硫铅锌矿尾矿中综合回收锌的试验研究

云南某高硫铅锌矿尾矿平均含Pb 0.84%、Zn 3.67%,综合回收价值较高,其中含铅矿物主要为方铅矿和白铅矿,含锌矿物主要为闪锌矿和菱锌矿。实验室选矿试验研究表明,采用“硫化矿优先浮选–浮硫尾矿脱泥–氧化锌浮选”工艺可较好地实现尾矿中有价矿物的高效回收,进一步研究发现在氧化锌浮选过程中,粗选和扫选分别采用不同碳链长度的胺类捕收剂,可明显提高锌精矿的品位和回收率,并避免氧化锌浮选时泡沫量大、消泡困难等问题,最终可获得含锌23.46%,回收率13.04%的硫化锌精矿及含锌27.86%,回收率51.69%的氧化锌精矿,累计锌总回收率可达64.73%,实现该尾矿中有价矿物的高效回收,研究结果为该尾矿的综合回收利用提供了重要的研究数据及基础。     

A study on selective flotation in low and high pyritic copper sulphide ores

The effect of chemical reagent configurations was investigated on two different copper sulphide ore types, including high and low pyritic feeds. Three different combinations of collectors as isopropyl-n-ethyl thionocarbamate (C-4132), mixture of mercaptobenzothiazole and butyl sodium dithiphosphate (Flomin 7240) and sodium isopropyl xanthate (Z11) were used in flotation experiments. Solely using C-4132 was selected as the best pattern for both feed types with regard to achieving the highest copper grade and the lowest iron recovery. However, the selectivity index (SI) results showed that the combination of Z11+F7240 provides the highest selectivity of chalcopyrite against pyrite in either low or high pyritic ores.     

Inferring the distribution of iron oxidation species on mineral surfaces during grinding of base metal sulphides

Electrochemistry plays an important role in the flotation of base metal sulphide minerals. During grinding a galvanic interaction occurs between minerals and grinding media and controls the iron contamination on mineral surfaces, which depresses mineral flotation significantly. In this study, the galvanic interaction was quantified by measuring the iron oxidation species originated from grinding media by ethylene diamine-tetra acid (EDTA) extraction in single mineral and mixed mineral systems. It was found that the extent of galvanic interaction between minerals and grinding media was intimately associated with the electrochemical reactivity of minerals. The nobler the mineral, the stronger the galvanic interaction with grinding media, and the higher the amount of iron oxidation species from grinding media. For both galena and chalcopyrite a linear relationship was observed between the amount of iron oxidation species and flotation recovery in single mineral systems. This relationship was able to predict the iron oxidation species on galena and chalcopyrite surfaces when they were mixed with pyrite separately. The distribution of iron oxidation species onto the two minerals in the mixture changed with the ratio of the mineral surface areas and was correlated with mineral flotation recovery. The major cathodic mineral in the mixture was dictated by the combination of mineral surface area and reactivity and drew iron oxidation species from the grinding media.     

黄铁矿浮选的抑制与解抑活化研究进展

黄铁矿浮选问题是金属矿、煤矿以及某些非金属矿等开发利用过程中通常需要面临的问题,其浮选的抑制、解抑活化以及影响其浮选行为的一些因素一直是矿物加工领域的研究热点。本文分析了矿物学因素、难免离子和伽伐尼电偶作用对黄铁矿的浮选行为的影响,着重从浮选药剂与矿物的作用机理方面综述了黄铁矿的抑制与解抑活化;黄铁矿与不同种类的抑制剂作用后通过生成亲水膜、阻止黄药氧化、占据黄铁矿表面捕收剂能作用的活性位点、生成络合物以及多糖、蛋白质等微生物细菌胞外分泌物的吸附等作用对黄铁矿产生抑制作用;高碱环境下常用酸和盐类活化剂对受抑黄铁矿表面的亲水膜溶解进行活化,实现黄铁矿的回收利用。分析认为目前对矿物内部和矿浆的复杂环境研究仍不到位,应通过现代分析测试手段和计算机技术加强研究;黄铁矿不仅仅作为一种矿物资源,黄铁矿等环境矿物在环保领域的研究应用对缓解经济发展与环境保护的矛盾起着至关重要的作用。