共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 78 毫秒
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日本水处理装置的大厂家——粟田工业公司已在富氧膜装置的实用化方面获得成功。这种富氧膜装置是将高分子膜元件组装成螺旋状的。该装置以美国流体装置公司研制的二甲基硅氧烷膜为核心,使用螺旋式元件,能得到氧浓度最高达40%的富氧空气。虽然将高分子膜组装成平膜状的装置已羟商品化,但螺旋式装置的实用化在世界上还是首次。 相似文献
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介绍近年来高分子富氧膜研究情况。包括膜的分离机制,几类有机硅富氧膜,嵌段接枝共聚和共混复合膜,等离子体聚合改性的复合膜,氧的促进输送,添加小分子液晶复合膜,高聚物透气性与分子结构关系。 相似文献
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环状分子交联剂的合成及其改性硅橡胶膜的富氧性能 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
通过控制2,4,6,8-四甲基环四硅氧烷(D4H)和乙烯基三甲氧基硅烷(VTMO)的摩尔比合成了环状分子上含有硅氢原子和三甲氧基硅基的交联剂,并用IR进行了表征.以乙烯基摩尔分数为10%的硅橡胶和上述交联剂为基质材料,以氯铂酸为催化剂,经溶液浇铸和通过双重交联反应──乙烯基与硅氢的加成反应和三甲氧基硅基的水解、缩合反应制备了改性硅橡胶气体分离膜.气体渗透的测试结果表明,该膜具有良好的富氧性能,例如,在20℃和0.05 MPa压差下,PO2为595 Barrer,αO2/N2高达2.89.改性硅橡胶膜的成膜过程和交联反应可在室温下同时进行,与其它改性硅橡胶膜相比,不仅改性方法简单,且分离性能明显提高. 相似文献
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研究了不同添加剂对乙基纤维素富氧膜性能的影响。结果表明,低分子向列液晶正庚基联苯腈(7CB)、低分子胆甾液晶油烯基胆甾醇碳酸脂(COC)以及过渡金属化合物二亚水杨基邻笨二胺钴[Co(Salphen)]的添加,皆可以较大程度地改进乙基纤维素高分子富氧膜的性能。过渡金属盐醋酸钴[Co(Ac)_2]仅能提高乙基纤维素富氧膜对富氧空气的透过性,而杂环化合物吡啶(PY)只能提高乙基纤维素富氧膜的氧氮分离性而在某种程度上却降低了对富氧空气的透过性。 相似文献
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实验制备了聚二甲基硅氧烷/聚砜(PDMS/PS)富氧膜,并考察其富氧性能,分别制备了溶剂型羟基硅橡胶富氧膜和乳液型羟基硅橡胶富氧膜,评价其渗透速率Q和分离系数α(O2/N2),得出了二者在性能上的差异,发现溶剂型富氧膜渗透速率Q(O2)是乳液型富氧膜Q(O2)的3~4倍,而乳液型富氧膜的分离系数α(O2/N2)比溶剂型富氧膜略好,并且以水代替有机溶剂,采用硅橡胶水乳液作为涂敷材料进行乳液涂敷,制备的乳液型富氧膜相对于传统的溶剂型富氧膜,具有环保、安全和经济等特点.该方法制备的富氧膜同时也具有较好的富氧效果,其氧气渗透速率Q(O2)在113 GPU左右,分离系数α(O2/N2)能达到2.0. 相似文献
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膜-生物反应器处理高浓度有机废水膜污染影响因素的研究 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
以膜传质阻力的变化来表征膜污染的状况,在一体式膜-生物反应器处理高浓度有机废水的条件下,分别考察了抽吸时间、膜通量和混合液性质对膜传质阻力的影响,并分析了SS浓度和上清液溶解性有机物浓度(COD)与膜传质阻力之间的关系.结果表明,在曝气量相同,污泥浓度稳定在13g/L左右,停抽时间为3min时,适宜的抽吸时间为10min,膜通量为10L/(m2·h);膜传质20min的阻力R20与SS浓度和上清液COD浓度的定量关系式为R20=9.129E(+9) COD0.4497SS1.0189;膜外表面污泥层的迅速沉积和膜内表面微生物的滋生是高微生物浓度条件下膜-生物反应器膜污染的主要原因. 相似文献
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Takashi Jin 《Materials Letters》2007,61(3):805-808
A photoresponsive ion carrier based on calix[4]arene was synthesized for the control of Na+ flux across lipid bilayer membranes by visible light. Calix[4]arene was chosen as a basic skeleton of a photoresponsive ion carrier because its ether derivatives are known to act as Na+ ion carriers in lipid bilayer membranes. For the synthesis of a photoresponsive carrier, dimethylaminoazobenzene was introduced as a photochromic moiety to an ether derivative of p-tert-butylcalix[4]arene. The ion transport ability of the dimethylaminoazobenzene appended calix[4]arene was examined by using a voltage-clamp method. When the calix[4]arene derivative was incorporated into a planar lipid bilayer membrane which separated two chambers filled with 100 mM of NaCl solutions, membrane currents resulting from Na+ flux were observed under applying external voltages between two chambers. The concentration dependence of the calix[4]arene derivative on the membrane currents indicated the formation of a 1:1 complex with Na+ ions for the calix[4]arene-mediated ion transport across the lipid bilayer membrane. By using visible light (> 400 nm), Na+ flux across lipid bilayer membranes containing the dimethylaminoazobenzene appended calix[4]arene derivative could be controlled. 相似文献
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为了将反渗透技术在高温流体环境中使用,研究制备具有较高热稳定性的超滤膜以制备耐热性良好的复合膜,以杂萘联苯聚芳醚超滤膜为支撑层,通过间苯二胺与均苯三甲酰氯的界面聚合制备聚芳酰胺复合膜.研究了聚合反应中单体的浓度、反应温度和反应时间等与膜性能的关系.用原子力显微镜照片表征了膜表面形貌的变化,证明致密复合层的形成是膜性能变化的关键.考察了操作温度、压力对膜性能的影响.随着操作压力和温度的提高,膜的通量迅速增加,但对2000 mg·L-1的NaCl溶液的截留率则保持在99.0%左右,无明显变化.膜在1.6 MPa、80℃下重复测试30 d,性能无明显降低,说明其具有良好热稳定性. 相似文献
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聚偏氟乙烯微孔膜一步法亲水化改性研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
采用高能电子束预辐照接枝的方法,研究了液相丙烯酸(AAc)和苯乙烯磺酸钠(SSS)双元混合体系对聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)微孔膜的接枝改性,用一步法直接制备了含有羧酸基团和磺酸基团的强亲水性PVDF微孔膜.考察了辐照剂量、反应时间、反应温度、单体浓度、单体配比以及反应溶液pH值等对接枝率的影响.采用FT-IR、接触角和水通量表征改性前后的膜表面性质和膜性能.结果表明,接枝改性后膜的亲水性增强,接触角随接枝率的增加而降低,水通量随接枝率的增加呈现出先升后降的变化,这主要是由于高接枝率时膜表面和膜孔被接枝链堵塞. 相似文献
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M.‐S. Suh C.‐M. Suh Y.‐S. Pyun 《Fatigue & Fracture of Engineering Materials & Structures》2013,36(8):769-778
Characterization of very high cycle fatigue (VHCF) performance is of significant issue for ensuring long‐term durability and reliability of machinery and structural components due to the growing industrial demands and significant requirements of the advanced systems. In this study, VHCF characteristics of nanocrystallized skins (nanoskin) on JIS SCM435 (AISI 4137) steels were investigated as three different nanoskins on the surface, which was fabricated by altering the static load of ultrasonic nanocrystal surface modification (UNSM) treatment. The fatigue characterization, which shows linearly proportional correlation in the range of 80–120 µm depth of subsurface, was subjected to severe plastic deformation by altering the static loads of UNSM treatment to 40, 70 and 100 N, respectively. The fatigue strength increased up to 30% in the regime of VHCF. The improved strength mainly resulted from the generation of nanocrystalline structure, the enhanced surface uniformity, hardness and residual stress. 相似文献
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A scanning radical microjet (SRMJ) equipment using oxygen microplasma has been developed and successfully applied for controlling biological cells’ attachment on biocompatible polymer material, poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS). The radical microjet has advantages in localized and high-rate surface treatment. Moreover, maskless hydrophilic patterning using SRMJ has been demonstrated to be applicable to patterned cell cultivation which is useful in emerging biotechnological field such as tissue engineering and cell-based biosensors. Since control of PDMS surface properties is an indispensable prerequisite for cells’ attachment, effects of oxygen flow rates and treatment time on localized hydrophilic patterning of PDMS surfaces were first investigated for controlling HeLa cells’ (human epitheloid carcinoma cell line) attachment. Relationships between surface conditions of treated PDMS films and attached cell density are also discussed based on surface properties analyzed using atomic force microscopy (AFM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). 相似文献