液液萃取-非均相共沸精馏耦合回收正丁酸

正丁酸与水的混合物能够形成最低沸点共沸物,难以用传统精馏分离.在常规非均相共沸精馏基础上,文中提出了更为节能的液液萃取-非均相共沸精馏耦合技术,利用COSMO活度系数模型筛选出合适的溶剂,并探索了混合溶剂萃取精馏分离工艺.采用顺序迭代法优化工艺主要操作参数,使用经济和环境分析方法去评价分离过程的主要性能.单一溶剂液液萃...     

丙酮-甲醇二元共沸物分离技术的现状

综述了目前较为常用的几种丙酮-甲醇共沸物分离方法,重点讲述了盐效精馏、萃取精馏、加盐萃取精馏和变压精馏工艺。现阶段的丙酮-甲醇共沸物分离技术较为成熟,未来应在现有基础上多做创新。在溶剂选择、回收和成本方面进行综合比较,为读者提供了选择分离共沸物方法的思路。     

异丙醇-水分离技术进展

主要介绍了分离异丙醇-水共浦物的几种方法,其中不仅包括传统的苯共沸精馏工艺,而且还包含：吸附蒸馏、萃取精馏、渗透汽化法、加盐萃取共沸精馏等几种新工艺．并对这几种方法进行了比较。     

废溶剂油中二甲苯/醋酸丁酯分离研究

研究了以均相间歇精馏和非均相共沸间歇精馏从工业废溶剂油中分离二甲苯和醋酸丁酯。对预处理后的原料进行了间歇精馏工艺实验研究,考察了分离温度、时间、回流比、共沸剂与废溶剂油的体积比等操作参数对分离过程的影响,结果表明,均相精馏分离温度从114.6~126.5℃。均相精馏中醋酸丁酯的收率和纯度为75%和80%,二甲苯收率和纯度为75%和90%。非均相共沸精馏分离温度从88~91.2℃,非均相共沸精馏中醋酸丁酯的收率和纯度为93%和60%,二甲苯收率和纯度为85%和95%。     

非均相共沸精馏研究进展

非均相共沸精馏广泛应用于共沸物和近沸物的分离。文章介绍了非均相连续共沸精馏和非均相间歇共沸精馏关键技术的研究进展。对共沸精馏中的关键问题如共沸剂的选择做了详细论述和验证。利用残余曲线法对非均相共沸精馏的过程可行性进行了分析和讨论。     

萃取精馏分离甲醇-乙腈的研究

为了分离甲醇-乙腈共沸混合物,研究了萃取精馏在甲醇-乙腈共沸物系中的应用.通过溶剂极性比较初选出萃取精馏溶剂,由ChemCAD软件模拟和气液平衡实验验证选定出合适的溶剂用于萃取精馏分离甲醇-乙腈共沸混合物,通过萃取精馏实验考察了所选萃取精馏溶剂的效果.结果表明:N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)能够消除甲醇-乙腈共沸物系的...     

甲醇-碳酸二甲酯二元共沸物的分离

分别用共沸精馏法和萃取精馏法对甲醇一碳酸二甲酯（DMC）二元共沸体系进行了分离，通过正交实验分别得到了最佳分离工艺条件。实验结果表明，共沸精馏法的最佳分离工艺条件：共沸剂正己烷用量为总质量（共沸剂＋甲醇）的76％，回流比控制在3：1，馏出速率为6mL／min；萃取精馏法的分离最佳工艺条件：以糠醛为萃取剂，回流比控制在3：1，萃取剂滴加速率为3mL／min，萃取剂配比为4：1。并分别从装置和纯度方面对两种方法进行比较，结果表明萃取精馏法占优。     

丁酮-水非均相间歇共沸精馏研究

针对目前精细化工领域丁酮溶剂精制回收利用问题,本文提出了以环己烷为共沸剂的非均相间歇共沸精馏分离丁酮-水共沸混合物的方法。首先,对该非均相间歇共沸精馏进行了工艺模拟计算,模拟结果显示:常压下丁酮-水-环己烷三元体系形成三元最低共沸物,可以在正常操作条件下获得高纯精制丁酮,根据模拟结果得出了最优化操作参数,并依照该参数进行了丁酮-水-环己烷三元体系的非均相间歇共沸精馏实验,实验结果表明:粗丁酮溶剂中只需加入少量环己烷,经过脱水,脱共沸剂两个工艺步骤,就可以得到含量大于99.7wt%的高纯精制丁酮,且脱除的共沸剂因只含有溶剂丁酮可以循环使用,并且与模拟计算结果非常吻合。该方案可应用于工业生产,且能耗成本较目前通用工艺更低,对于目前的丁酮回收设计具有指导意义。     

萃取精馏分离甲醇和丙酮共沸物

用HYSYS2 2软件对甲醇和丙酮共沸物的萃取精馏过程进行了模拟计算,以水和单乙醇胺(MEA)作为溶剂,通过改变不同的条件:原料进料位置、溶剂比、回流比和溶剂进料温度,得出各自的最佳工艺条件;在模拟的最佳工艺条件下,对以水和单乙醇胺为溶剂萃取精馏分离甲醇和丙酮混合物进行了试验研究,试验结果和模拟计算相吻合,从而验证了模拟的可靠性;并对水和单乙醇胺两种溶剂的萃取精馏特点进行了比较,单乙醇胺的萃取精馏效果比水要好的多。     

以苯胺为溶剂间歇萃取精馏分离甲醇-乙腈

提出和研究了以苯胺作为溶剂的甲醇-乙腈间歇萃取精馏分离工艺。根据溶剂极性相似相溶原理,结合ChemCAD软件模拟汽液平衡和汽液平衡实验确定苯胺为合适的溶剂。结果表明,不仅苯胺能够消除甲醇-乙腈物系的共沸现象,效果优于N,N-二甲基甲酰胺（DMF）,而且可以采用Wilson模型对苯胺作为溶剂的甲醇-乙腈共沸物系汽液平衡进行模拟。通过实验考察了间歇萃取精馏的分离效果。采用有33块理论板的填料塔进行间歇萃取精馏甲醇-乙腈共沸混合物分离实验,其中净化回收段填料层3块理论板,萃取精馏段填料层30块理论板,回流比为4,苯胺作为溶剂,溶剂质量比为2.5∶1时,在塔顶得到产品甲醇质量分数为98.97%,高于DMF作为溶剂时的95.76%;表明苯胺更加适合作为萃取精馏分离甲醇-乙腈共沸物系的溶剂。     

氢气纯度分析方法准确性的探讨

ONACCURACYOFANALYSISOFOFHYDROGEN1前言我公司目前应用的氢气纯度分析方法有两种,一种是爆炸反应法,另一种是焦性没食子酸吸收法。几年来,人们对两种分析方法的准确性曾有过褒贬不一的评论。这里我们也谈谈自己粗浅的观点。2爆炸法测定氢气纯度一定量的氢气样品与适量的空气之均匀混合物因反应后生成液体水而引起气体体积减少,减少的体积等于参加反应气体体积之和。其中l／3为氧气,2／3为氢气。根据氢气取样量和反应前后混气体体积之差,以及氢气在反应中的体积比例关系,可计算出样品的氢气纯度。计算公式式中：A一混…     

COMPARISON OF METHODS OF ANALYSIS OF GYPSUM1

The different analytical methods proposed for the evaluation of gypsum have been subjected to an experimental test. A combination method, consisting of a fusion with KHCO₃ and determination of CaO by KMnO₄ titration, the SO₃ by Andrews method of titration of BaCrO₄ has been found to give very reliable results with the least consumption of time.     

SEDIMENTATION OF BINARY MIXTURES OF PARTICLES OF UNEQUAL DENSITIES AND OF DIFFERENT SIZES

A model is developed for the sedimentation from a suspension of two particle species of unequal densities and of different sizes. The composition and the thickness of various layers in the sediments are predicted using graphical and analytical methods. The model predictions were in excellent agreement with experimental results, when the particle size ratio was ≥ 108. When size ratio of the particles was 2.60 and 4.31 the agreement occurred in about 50 percent of the cases.     

HEASUREHENT OF INSTANTANEOUS RATES OF LOSS OF VOIATILE COMPOUNDS DURING DRYING OF DROPS

A novel technique serves to monitor instantaneous rates of loss of a volatile solute from a suspended drop during drying. A highly sensitive electron capture detector is used to monitor concentrations of SF6 released into a flowing gas stream from a suspended, drying drop. Simultaneously, the appearance and morphological development of the drop are monitored with a video camera. This provides the wherewithal of relating instantaneous rates of loss of the volatile solute to particular events during the development of particle morphology.

Initial experiments have been carried out with drops of aqueous solutions of glucose, sucrose, maltodextrin and coffee extract. The results clearly display the onset of the volatiles-retentive selective diffusion phenomenon. There is also substantial loss of the volatile component later in the drying process, when the drops undergo repeated ex ansion, bursting and cratering due to the formation of internaf bubbles. These experiments appear to be the first quantitative demonstration of major losses accompanying changes in drop morphology.     

茶多酚提取方法进展

本文综述了国内外现有茶多酚提取方法的现状以及近期的研究进展，并对其优缺点进行了评价。这将有助于中低档茶的综合利用和茶多酚的进一步开发应用。     

ANALYSIS OF RECENT MEASUREMENTS OF THE VISCOSITY OF GLASSES

Viscosity of Simple Soda-Silicate 500° to 1400°C Comparison of the results given by English with those of Washburn, Shelton and Libman, indicates a discrepancy in the absolute values of log₁₀ viscosity amounting to 0.6, those of Washburn et al., being relatively too high. If correction for this is made, the isothermal curves of log₁₀ viscosity as a function of soda content are smooth up to 50% Na₂O, showing no inflection. The observations as a function of temperature T are all represented within accidental error by an equation of the type where all three constants vary regularly with the composition. Change of Viscosity of Glass (6SiO₂, 2Na₂O) due to Molecular Substitution of CaO, MgO and Al₂O₃ for Na₂O The effect is clearly brought out by plotting (from the results of English) the change of log₁₀η due to the substitution as a function of temperature. The curves each show a sharp bend at a temperature between 840° and 1050°C, which is designated the aggregation temperature T_a. If we divide these curves by the corresponding percentage substituted, we get curves for each oxide which are straight and parallel below the aggregation temperatures, the slopes (increase of change of log₁₀η per 100°C) being −0.056 (CaO), −0.055 (MgO), −0.018 (A1₂O₃) per per cent oxide substituted. For substitution of 1/2 molecule the slopes are −0.325 (CaO), −0.23 (MgO) and −0.18 (Al₂O₃) per 100°. At the aggregation temperature the change of log₁₀η per per cent is a minimum, 0.03 to 0.06 for CaO, 0.12 for MgO, 0.07 for Al₂O₃. Evidence of Aggregation in Glasses, from viscosity Measurements The sharp bends in the plots of change of log₁₀η due to substitution of an oxide for Na₂O, suggest the beginning of molecular aggregation at these temperatures. These aggregation temperatures are close to the devitrification temperatures, but the effect on the viscosity curves cannot be due to actual devitrification since it does not change with time. Taking the aggregation temperatures as equal to devitrification temperatures, additional isotherms are roughly sketched into the equilibrium triangle of the system Na₂O-CaO-SiO₂. Change of Viscosity of Glass (4SiO₂, 2Na₂O) due to of Substitution of B₂O₃ for SiO₂ The change of log₁₀η (from the results of English) is plotted as a function of temperature, and also the change of log₁₀η per per cent B₂O₃. The curves are more complex than for the substitution for Na₂O.     

环氧树脂羟基值测定方法的研究

利用乙酸酐、吡啶和浓硫酸混合的乙酰化试剂测定环氧树脂中羟基值含量的方法具有操作简便、滴定终点明显和分析结果误差小等优点。     

骑式摩托车油箱喷涂工艺的改进

面对日益激烈的市场竞争,摩托车油箱外观质量越来越成为影响销售的因素之一。文章介绍了改进工艺后的油箱涂装,该涂装体系提高了油箱外观的丰满度,降低了油箱涂装的生产成本。     

几种针状焦性能对比

针状焦分石油系和煤系两大类,这主要取决于针状焦的原料来源。在同一系列中由于原料不同和工艺条件不同 ,针状焦的各自性能也不相同。针状焦是生产超高功率石墨电极和高功率石墨电极的主要原料 ,针状焦的性能对石墨电极的质量有至关重要的影响。所以对针状焦性能以及其对石墨电极质量影响的研究十分必要的。以下是常用的几种进口针状焦和国产针状焦的性能对比。１原料性能分析对比原料试样包括４种针状焦 ,其中两种为进口针状焦：三菱针状焦和新日化针状焦;另两种为国产针状焦：鞍山针状焦和锦州针状焦。其中除锦州针状焦是石油系针状焦外…     

聚酰亚胺的合成法

本文评述了缩聚型聚酰亚胺的主要合成方法和近年来国际上在合成中所做的探索。