乳酸菌发酵法生产高活性大豆低聚糖的研究

通过对八株乳酸茵进行初筛和复筛,得到一株选择性利用蔗糖的乳酸菌株。经单因素实验证明,其发酵大豆乳清的最优条件为：接种量10％,发酵液初始pH7．0,大豆低聚糖浓度10mg/mL,添加1％的蛋白胨和0．5％的无水乙酸钠,37℃下培养48h。发酵液中蔗糖、棉子糖和水苏糖的保留率分别为：0．72％、96．9％和96．5％。      

Malolactic fermentation of Tempranillo wine: contribution of the lactic acid bacteria inoculation to sensory quality and chemical composition

Malolactic fermentation (MLF) of Tempranillo Rioja wines (Spain) inoculated with two lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains were studied and compared with spontaneous MLF. Inoculation with selected Oenococcus oeni lyophila shortened MLF duration up to 19 days and lead to wines with more fresh and fruity characters, especially when implantation was 100%. We demonstrated modifications in the concentration of volatile and nitrogenous compounds and a good correlation between analytical and sensory attributes was also noted. In addition, the low initial amino acid concentration and the consumption of these compounds by the inoculated yeast strain during alcoholic fermentation resulted in wines with very low biogenic amines levels (under 3.75 mg L^?1) after MLF and 3 month storage period in all cases. The results showed the significance of choose the most suitable starter to elaborate quality wines and suggest the control of amino acid content in must and wine to prevent the formation of biogenic amines.     

乳酸菌发酵对富源酸菜品质及安全性的影响

采用液态发酵方式,比较乳酸菌发酵和自然发酵的富源酸菜在整个贮藏过程中不同时段的感官、理化指标和微生物变化的规律,评价两种发酵方式对富源酸菜品质及安全性的影响。试验结果表明:与自然发酵相比,乳酸菌发酵的富源酸菜感官品质更优;亚硝酸盐含量较低且亚硝峰值出现得较早、pH值较低、总酸含量较高;乳酸菌活菌数量更多,菌落总数、霉菌和酵母菌数量都较少;大肠杆菌未检出。说明乳酸菌发酵制作的富源酸菜在品质及安全性方面都优于自然发酵的富源酸菜。     

乳酸菌发酵柿汁的制备工艺

介绍了以柿子汁为原料制备乳酸菌发酵饮料的工艺流程,并对原材料和发酵产品的一些营养指标进行了测量。实验表明,乳酸菌发酵的最佳条件是发酵温度30℃、接种量6%、菌种AS1.1482∶6038=2∶1。产品既保留了部分柿子汁的原有风味,又具有乳酸发酵形成的特殊风味,营养价值较高,有一定的保健作用。     

Conversion of isoflavone glucosides to aglycones in soymilk by fermentation with lactic acid bacteria

ABSTRACT:  Four lactic acid bacteria (LAB), Lactobacillus paraplantarum KM, Enterococcus durans KH, Streptococcus salivarius HM and Weissella confusa JY, were isolated from humans and tested for their capabilities of converting isoflavone glucosides to aglycones in soymilk. Changes in growth, pH, and titratable acidity (TA) were investigated during fermentation at 37 °C for 12 h. After 6 to 9 h of fermentation, each population of 4 LAB reached 10⁸ to 10⁹ CFU/mL. The initial pH of 6.3 ± 0.1 decreased while the TA of 0.13%± 0.01% increased as fermentation proceeded, resulting in the final range between 4.1 ± 0.2 and 4.6 ± 0.1 for pH and between 0.51%± 0.02% and 0.67%± 0.06% for TA after the 12 h of fermentation. The glucoside concentrations were significantly decreased in soymilks fermented with either L. paraplantarum KM, S. salivarius HM, or W. confusa JY with fermentation time ( P < 0.05). L. paraplantarum KM was the best in percent conversion of glucosides to corresponding aglycones, resulting in 100%, 90%, and 61% hydrolysis of genistin, daidzin, and glycitin, respectively, in 6 h. Consequently, the aglycone concentrations in soymilk fermented with L. paraplantarum KM were 6 and 7-fold higher than the initial levels of daidzein and genistein, respectively, after 6 h of fermentation. Changes in the daidzin and genistin levels were not significant in soymilk fermented with E. durans KH. The rates of hydrolysis of glucosides varied depending on the species of LAB. Especially, L. paraplantarum KM seems to be a promising starter for bioactive-fermented soymilk based on its growth, acid production, and isoflavone conversion within a short time.     

不同乳酸菌发酵对菠萝浆品质的影响

以菠萝浆为原料,添加干酪乳杆菌、植物乳杆菌和肠膜状明串珠菌单一或复配发酵,测定发酵24 h后的蛋白酶酶活、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）酶活、总酚含量、DPPH自由基清除能力、挥发性物质及冻干成粉后的维生素C含量。结果表明,乳酸菌单一发酵效果整体上要好于复配发酵,干酪乳杆菌单独发酵可使菠萝浆的SOD酶活保持在97.70 U/g,总酚含量达到最高（0.51 mg没食子酸当量（GAE）/g）;植物乳杆菌单独发酵菠萝浆时蛋白酶活性最好（821.00 U/mL）,同时DPPH自由基清除能力最高,达到5.37 μmol Trolox当量（TE）/g;肠膜状明串珠菌单独发酵组的维生素C含量最高,为4.73 mg/g;菠萝浆经干酪乳酸菌和植物乳杆菌单独发酵后,鉴定出的挥发性成分分别达到29和28种。综上,选择干酪乳杆菌或植物乳杆菌单独发酵菠萝浆能获得较好的品质。     

乳酸菌发酵在谷物产品中的应用及研究进展

谷物食品是人类能量摄入的主要来源之一,随着人们生活水平的提高,谷物食品的营养价值和食用品质受到了广泛关注。发酵是改善食品性质、功能及营养缺陷的重要方法,也是谷物加工的重要手段。乳酸菌能够利用碳水化合物进行生长代谢,在食品工业中被广泛应用于各种发酵制品,其发酵产生的代谢产物有许多重要的生理功能,包括调节肠道菌群平衡、提高免疫力、抗菌和抗肿瘤等。因此,乳酸菌发酵在谷物食品中的研究与应用,对提升食品品质具有重要意义。本文综述了乳酸菌发酵对谷物营养成分、生物功能和结构、理化性质的影响,总结了乳酸菌发酵谷物产品的优势以及乳酸菌发酵在多种谷物产品中的应用,分析了乳酸菌发酵谷物食品目前研究的不足及可能的发展方向, 拟为乳酸菌发酵在谷物中的研究与开发提供参考。     

Changes in the free amino acids and the biogenic amine contents during lactic acid fermentation of different lupin species

The aim of the work was to evaluate the profile of free amino acids (FAA) as the possible precursors of biogenic amines (BAs) in different varieties and hybrid lines of Lupinus luteus and Lupinus angustifolius and its changes during fermentation. Lupins have high amounts of FAA, and therefore, significant contents of BAs by the action of bacterial amino acid decarboxylases can be formed. In view of this, the effect of three Pediococcus pentosaceus strains KTU05‐8, KTU05‐9 and KTU05‐10 on BA formation during lupin fermentation was studied. The formation of BAs was monitored during 48‐h fermentation at solid‐state conditions and compared with that in samples after submerged fermentation and in the control nonfermented samples. The lupin variety, fermentation conditions and the Pediococcus strain were found to have the significant effect on the FAA profile and BA contents in fermented lupin; the interaction between analysed factors was F(5.989) = 1755.321 (P < 0.0001) and F(5.660) = 130.736 (P < 0.0001), respectively. A weak correlation was found between amino acid His and histamine (r = 0.3709; P = 0.0005) and between Phe and phenylethylamine (r = 0.3914, P = 0.0002) in lupin samples, but the significant correlations between amino acid Tyr and tyramine and between Lys and cadaverine were not found. By optimising the fermentation technology, it is possible to increase the nutritional value and functionality of lupin.     

酸笋中高产乳酸乳酸菌的筛选、鉴定及发酵条件优化

为获得酸笋中高产乳酸乳酸菌,以柳州传统发酵酸笋为原料,利用MRS培养基对乳酸菌进行分离纯化,然后通过溶钙圈法和高效液相色谱（HPLC）法对高产乳酸乳酸菌进行筛选,并采用形态观察及分子生物学技术对其进行菌种鉴定,最后优化该菌种产乳酸的发酵条件。结果表明,分离并筛选得到一株高产乳酸的乳酸菌菌株LB-1-23,并鉴定其为植物乳杆菌（Lactobacillus plantarum）,该菌株发酵产乳酸的最适条件为接种量2.6%,pH值5.5,发酵温度32 ℃,发酵时间30 h,葡萄糖为碳源,细菌学蛋白胨为氮源。在此优化条件下,乳酸产量为12.74 g/L。该研究为酸笋来源乳酸菌发酵产生乳酸的应用奠定了理论基础。     

纯种乳酸菌混合发酵对生姜品质的影响

以生姜为原料,植物乳杆菌、短乳杆菌和肠膜明串珠菌为实验菌种。利用响应面分析法,对纯种乳酸菌混合接种发酵生姜的发酵条件进行优化。以发酵时间、剁辣椒添加量和食盐添加量为自变量,以亚硝酸盐含量、姜辣素含量和感官评价为响应值,采用Box-Behnken设计方法,研究纯种乳酸菌发酵生姜各因素及其交互作用的影响。结果表明:发酵时间为7.5 d,剁辣椒添加量10.50%,食盐添加量4%,此时纯种发酵风味生姜的亚硝酸盐含量、姜辣素含量和感官评价分别为0.048 mg/kg、0.526%和8.3分,与预测值0.040 mg/kg、0.538%和8.5分相比,无显著性差异（p>0.05）,表明优化条件参数可靠。      

酵母菌与乳酸菌发酵对小米淀粉粘度的影响

自然发酵受环境和微生物的影响大,难实现发酵产品的大规模生产。故研究自然发酵优势菌对小米淀粉的影响很有必要。选取内蒙古赤峰生产的黄金苗小米为原料,利用自然发酵纯化的酵母菌与乳酸菌为菌种进行纯种发酵96 h,并且与自然发酵后的小米淀粉比较,分析淀粉的粘度、衰减值和回生值的变化。采用0.2 g/100 m L的Na OH溶液提取3 h的方法来提取发酵后小米中的淀粉,并对其发酵液中固形物的含量、p H、淀粉的粘度特性、偏光十字进行测定。结果表明,三种发酵方法所得的发酵液中总固形物的含量都增加;较自然发酵相比,发酵前24 h乳酸菌和酵母菌发酵液中的p H下降迅速,之后变化缓慢;淀粉粘度特性表明,乳酸菌和酵母菌发酵终止时,其粘度的起始温度、衰减值、回生值较自然发酵相比都下降,峰值粘度较自然发酵相比都上升,乳酸菌发酵和酵母菌发酵的最终粘度与自然发酵相比有所增加,偏光十字显示无论是自然发酵酵母菌发酵还是乳酸菌发酵,发酵后的淀粉颗粒仍具有偏光十字,说明发酵未改变淀粉的结晶结构。      

直接乳酸发酵工艺研究进展

对以淀粉质为原料进行直接乳酸发酵的国内外研究现状进行了综述.介绍了利用米根霉等真菌和解淀粉乳酸细菌进行直接乳酸发酵.以及通过添加降解酶进行同步糖化发酵的三种直接乳酸发酵工艺.指出通过筛选和构建更加高效的具有解淀粉活性的乳酸细菌和真菌,同时通过获得耐受更高温度的乳酸菌来提高同步糖化发酵的温度,进而使直接乳酸发酵工艺更加高效.     

蔬菜乳酸菌腌渍发酵过程亚硝酸盐变化研究

研究了蔬菜腌渍发酵过程中添加乳酸菌纯培养液对亚硝酸盐含量变化的影响。实验结果表明,接种乳酸菌能降低蔬菜腌渍发酵过程中亚硝酸盐含量。4组乳酸菌腌渍发酵实验中,接种混合菌种(干酪乳杆菌∶鼠李糖乳杆菌∶植物乳杆菌=1∶1∶1)对蔬菜湿腌发酵时菜料和菜汤的亚硝酸盐含量降低效果最佳,接种植物乳杆菌对蔬菜干腌发酵时菜料亚硝酸盐含量降低作用最显著。     

自然与乳酸菌强化发酵过程中红酸汤品质变化

利用红酸汤为原料,以总酸、亚硝酸盐、pH、还原糖、可溶性固形物、水分、抗坏血酸为检测指标,分析不同发酵时间自然与乳酸菌强化发酵的红酸汤品质变化规律。结果表明,在整个发酵过程中,自然与乳酸菌强化发酵的红酸汤中还原糖、抗坏血酸、可溶性固形物均呈逐渐下降的趋势;总酸含量和pH均在第6天达到峰值,分别为10.11 g/kg和3.04与10.26 g/kg和2.84;水分含量在第6天达到最低,分别为84.83%与84.18%;亚硝酸盐含量最高分别为0.052 2 mg/kg与0.030 4 mg/kg,未超标。因此,与自然发酵相比,乳酸菌强化发酵明显减少亚硝酸盐含量,缩短了红酸汤发酵周期,但自然发酵红酸汤品质更好。     

不同乳酸菌荔枝汁发酵特性及其贮藏稳定性的研究

目的为荔枝乳酸菌发酵饮料的研发筛选优良菌株。方法比较9种乳酸菌在荔枝汁中发酵48 h的活菌数、 pH值和酸度,并观察发酵液在4℃储存条件下这些指标的变化。结果植物乳杆菌FJAT-13737(LactobacillusplantarumFJAT-13737)和德氏乳杆菌FJAT-43773(Lactobacillusdelbrueckii FJAT-43773)发酵荔枝汁48 h的活菌数最高,达109 CFU·mL~(-1),但在0～7 d储存期内降至108 CFU·mL~(-1)。嗜热链球菌FJAT-43774 (Streptococcus thermophilus FJAT-43774)、嗜酸乳杆菌FJAT-13772(Lactobacillus acidophilus FJAT-13772)和发酵乳杆菌FJAT-13771(LactobacillusfermentumFJAT-13771)发酵液中的活菌数较低,至储存28 d时,活菌数在107 CFU·mL-1,显著低于其他乳酸菌活菌数(P0.05)。不同菌株荔枝汁发酵液在储存期的最终pH值在3.74～3.93之间,差异不显著(P0.05)。短乳杆菌FJAT-43776(Lactobacillus brevis FJAT-43776)的荔枝汁发酵液的酸度最高,为140.9°T。在储存期内,不同菌株发酵的荔枝汁的酸度均呈上升趋势,最终酸度在245.8～165.4°T之间。结论为新型荔枝乳酸菌发酵饮料的研发奠定实践基础。     

酱油发酵过程中的耐盐乳酸菌筛选及对低盐固态酱油品质的影响

本文通过对酱醪中耐盐乳酸菌的筛选,成功分离出一株耐18%盐度的乳酸菌,经过16S r DNA测序鉴定,确定为一株植物乳杆菌。在酱油酿造过程中添加该耐盐植物乳杆菌,无盐固形物、氨基酸态氮、还原糖和总酸含量等理化指标都有所上升。经过液相测定,发现酱油中乳酸含量比空白增加2倍左右。挥发性风味物质中酮类和酚类物质增加2倍左右,醇类物质稍有增加。本研究为进一步安全有效提高酱油风味物质奠定理论依据。      

南丰蜜桔汁乳酸菌发酵过程中品质的变化

以南丰蜜桔汁为对象,采用乳酸菌发酵,检测发酵过程中菌落数、pH、总酸度、有机酸与糖的含量,测定发酵前后维生素C、总黄酮和多酚的含量。结果表明,乳酸菌能够较好地适应桔汁发酵环境,蜜桔发酵液总酸度随发酵时间的延长呈上升趋势,pH下降至3.2;蔗糖、果糖、葡萄糖含量均呈下降趋势;乳酸菌对柠檬酸、苹果酸、乙酸有一定的利用能力,使其呈下降趋势,而乳酸含量显著上升(p<0.05),由发酵前的0.44 mg/g升至13.05 mg/g;短链脂肪酸从5.23 mg/g增至13.05 mg/g;维生素C含量仍保持在80%以上;总黄酮和多酚类化合物含量显著上升,分别提高了12.9%和8%(p<0.05);发酵后氨基酸总量减少了13.9%,呈味氨基酸组成发生变化。乳酸菌可以作为发酵型南丰蜜桔汁的发酵剂,南丰蜜桔汁乳酸菌发酵可以改善风味,提高其营养保健价值。     

Application of pure and mixed probiotic lactic acid bacteria and yeast cultures for oat fermentation

Fermentation of a prebiotic containing oat substrate with probiotic lactic acid bacteria and yeast strains is an intriguing approach for the development of new synbiotic functional products. This approach was applied in the present work by using pure and mixed microbial cultures to ferment a heat‐treated oat mash. Results show that the strains studied were appropriate for oat fermentation and the process could be completed for 6–10 h depending on the strain. The viable cell counts achieved within this time were above the required levels of 10⁶–10⁷ cfu ml⁻¹ for probiotic products. Both single lactic acid bacteria strains and mixed cultures of the same strains with yeast were found suitable for oat fermentation. However, the pure LAB cultures attributed better flavour and shelf life of the oat drinks. The content of the prebiotic oat component beta‐glucan remained within 0.30–0.36% during fermentation and storage of the drinks obtained with each of the strains used. Thus, these products would contribute diet with the valuable functional properties of beta‐glucan. Also, the viability of pure and mixed cultures in the oat products was good: levels of cell counts remained above the required numbers for probiotic products throughout the estimated shelf‐life period. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry     

发酵肉制品中乳酸菌的主要发酵特性

从发酵肉制品中分离、纯化乳酸菌132株,对它们的主要发酵特性如耐盐性、耐硝性、产黏液、产气等进行了测定,并比较了它们在不同培养基中的产酸情况。