太阳光照射产生的牙釉质电子自旋共振信号的稳定性研究

对不同的牙釉质样品分别进行60Coγ射线和太阳光的照射,放置不同时间后,使用电子自旋共振(ESR)谱仪测量ESR信号的强度,研究不同种类辐射照射后牙釉质所产生的ESR信号强度随时间的变化。结果表明,60Coγ射线照射后产生的牙釉质ESR信号,其剂量学峰的信号很稳定。太阳光照射与γ射线照射具有相同的剂量学峰的信号,最后一次照射后2年半,其强度衰减约20%;紧邻本底和另一较弱信号衰减约30%;信号相对稳定,对剂量学信号和本底水平可能会有一定的影响。所以用牙釉质ESR信号的剂量学峰进行剂量重建时,尤其是在低剂量区域内,应该认真考虑并去除其他种类辐射引起的影响。     

牛牙与人牙釉质电子自旋共振剂量学的比较研究

对牛和人类的牙釉质样品分别进行137Csγ射线照射,使用电子自旋共振(ESR)谱仪测量了所有样品照射前后的ESR信号强度,研究γ射线照射后不同种类的牙釉质所产生的ESR信号强度随剂量的变化。结果表明,137Csγ射线照射前,牛牙釉质的ESR本底信号明显低于人牙釉质的本底信号;与人牙釉质相同,牛牙釉质照射后产生的剂量学信号的强度与照射剂量线性相关,5组100mg牛牙釉质样品,其剂量学峰的辐射响应的平均值为(34.4±2.0)Gy-1,人牙釉质样品的辐射响应的平均值为(36.3±2.9)Gy-1,二者非常接近。所以当人类牙釉质样品缺乏时,可以用相同辐射环境中的牛牙釉质作为替代品,进行剂量重建。     

狗牙釉质电子自旋共振剂量学的研究

对4组狗牙釉质样品分别进行不同剂量137Csγ射线的照射.使用电子自旋共振(Electron spin resonance,ESR)谱仪测量所有样品照射前的ESR固有信号强度,根据照射不同剂量后的ESR信号强度,研究不同剂量的γ射线照射后狗牙釉质所产生的ESR信号强度的变化.结果表明,137Cs γ射线照射前,狗牙釉质...     

人牙釉质辐射敏感性差异的研究

为了研究人牙釉质的辐射敏感性差异,从5个供牙个体（死者）获得了84个牙样品,并用5Gy^60Coγ射线照射每一个样品,然后用电子自旋共振（ESR）技术测量照后样品中ESR信号相对强度。实验结果指出,就某一供牙个体的不同牙来说,在辐射敏感性方面存在一定的差异（在5个供牙个体中每个个体全部样品的ESR信号相对强度的变异系数波动在9.3%至14.0%）;但是在5个供牙个体中,每个个体所有牙样品的ESR信号相对强度的平均值比较吻合,表明5个供牙个体提供的牙的辐射敏感性基本一致。     

低剂量率32Pβ射线与高剂量率60Coγ射线对肿瘤细胞杀伤效应对比研究

探索和比较低剂量率持续β射线和高剂量率γ射线两种不同的照射方式抑制肿瘤细胞增殖特点及其可能的机制。辐射源采用^32Pβ射线和^60Coγ射线,肿瘤细胞采用人宫颈癌HeLa细胞系,辐射后生物效应用台盼蓝排除法、流式细胞周期检测。低剂量率^32Pβ射线持续照射抑制细胞增殖为渐进性,允许多数的细胞在倍增一个或几个细胞周期后死亡,高剂量率^60Coγ射线照射对细胞的抑制作用直接、迅速。^32Pβ射线对细胞周期阻滞程度低、时间长,而^60Coγ射线则相反。^32Pβ低剂量率照射以缓慢持续的抑制肿瘤细胞增殖的特点不同于^60Coγ射线照射。持续照射对细胞损伤、修复机制的破坏和对辐射相对敏感的G2期持续阻滞可能是其作用机制。     

D-葡萄糖/ESR自由基剂量计~(60)Coγ射线剂量测量方法研究

探讨了用ESR波谱技术测量D—葡萄糖受电离辐射作用产生的自由基来测定~(60)Coγ—射线剂量的可行性。文中介绍了相对测量方法和剂量计样品的制备技术,并给出了刻度及剂量估算的方法。 D—葡萄糖/ESR自由基剂量计测量~(60)Coγ射线吸收剂量时,在10～3×10~4Gy范围内具有很好的线性响应特性;剂量响应分散度小于3％;在4℃、干燥条件下贮存的长期稳定性很好。剂量计体积小,结实,组织等效性好,对表面污染不敏感。 实践证明:D—葡萄糖/ESR自由基剂量测量方法是一种较好的高剂量测量技术,可广泛用于辐射研究和辐射加工的测定。     

含纤维素辐照食品的ESR法研究

60Co发出的γ射线于0,0.5,1.0,3.0,5.0,10.0kGy剂量范围对干燥的红辣椒粉、花生和提取出的草莓籽进行了辐照处理,用电子自旋共振(Electron spin resonance,ESR)来分析研究信号强度与辐照剂量的关系以及相关性R2.结果表明,三种样品的ESR信号与剂量正相关,其中草莓的ESR信号随剂量增长最慢,红辣椒粉的计算最为精确,花生的次之.含纤维素辐照食品的剂量与ESR信号关系清晰,可作为建立ESR方法检测辐照食品的方法.     

钴-60伽玛射线诱导淋巴细胞γH2AX表达的研究

采用流式细胞术检测60Coγ-射线照射后γH2AX表达的量效和时程关系,同时探讨紫外线联合60Coγ-射线照射后γH2AX的表达情况。结果表明,不同剂量60Coγ-射线照射后γH2AX表达量与照射剂量之间呈现明显的剂量效应关系。4 Gy 60Coγ-射线照射后,γH2AX的表达在1 h达到峰值,随后逐渐减少。与假照组相比,单纯紫外线照射组γH2AX表达增加,一直稳定维持约6 h左右,随后开始减少。紫外线联合60Coγ-射线照射组与单纯60Coγ-射线照射比较,γH2AX的表达无显著性差异。结果提示采用流式细胞术检测γH2AX的表达估算受照剂量具有可行性,该法有望成为估算辐射剂量的新方法。     

60Coγ射线急慢性照射对小鼠骨、牙和毛发ESR信号的影响

对昆明种雄性小白鼠给予不同剂量的急性或慢性60Co γ射线整体照射(剂量范围为0-3.0Gy),分离小鼠股骨、牙齿和毛发并进行前处理后,用电子自旋共振谱仪(ESR)测定各自的信号强度.结果表明,小鼠牙齿和毛发信号无特征性峰.小鼠股骨ESR信号呈现特征峰,无论是急性照射还是慢性照射,小鼠股骨ESR信号强度随着照射剂量的增大而增高,呈现良好的直线关系.保存在福尔马林溶液中的小鼠股骨,其ESR信号强度在保存7d时明显降低(p＜0.001),在室温干燥条件下保存453d的股骨ESR信号强度无明显改变.说明,小鼠股骨的最适保存条件为室温干燥.     

用CB微核法研究离体血辐射剂量与微核率的量效关系

应用胞质分裂阻滞微核技术（简称CB微核法），探讨了X射线与60Coγ射线，以及不同剂量率的60Coγ射线诱发微核率与辐射剂量的量效关系。结果表明，剂量率相同，照射剂量相同，60Coγ射线辐照所得微核频率明显高于X射线照射所得微核频率。不同剂量率的60Coγ射线照射，高剂量率所得微核产率高。剂量效应曲线不仅与不同的辐射种类有关，而且同一种性质的射线在不同剂量率情况下，刻度曲线不一样，因而应选用不同剂量率作刻度曲线。在发生辐射事故时，应选用剂量率刻度曲线接近的一种。     

Preparation of Zn/TiO2 powder and its photocatalytic performance for oxidation of P-nitrophenol

Zn-doped TiO2 catalysts were prepared using a sol-gel method and characterized by XPS,UV-Vis, BET, XRD in this study. Under the irradiation of simulant sunlight, the photocatalytic activity for the degradation of p-nitrophenol was studied too. After irradiation for 2.5 h, the degradation percentage of p-nitrophenol could rise to more than 80 %. The results showed that the spectrum absorption band edge of Zn/TiO2 powder does not broaden obviously comparing with pure TiO2 powder. Zinc exists as Zn （11）. When calcined at 973 K, there is a new phase as ZnTiO3 in Zn/TiO2 catalyst. The order of photocatalytic activity of Zn/TiO2 catalysts calcined at different temperatures for p-nitrophenol is 773 K 〉 673 K 〉 873 K 〉 573 K 〉 973 K and the photocatalytic activity of Zn/TiO2 catalyst calcined at 773 K is better than TiO2 catalysts heated at the same temperature, and outclasses that of commercial TiO2 catalyst. It also showed that the photocatalytic degradation of p-nitrophenol follows first-order kinetics under the irradiation of simulant sunlight.     

Current status of radiation therapy for prostate cancer

Radiotherapy for the treatment of prostate cancer has been extensively explored in the past. Along with the comprehensive understanding of the biology of prostate cancer and rapid advances in terms of technology, the out- come of treatment for the patients with prostate cancer has improved. The authors review radiotherapy as the primary treatment for the disease, with particular emphasis on the technological advances from both the radiobiological and radiophysics aspects. Nonconventional fractionated irradiation like hyper- or hypo-fractionation has been imple- mented in the clinic, the final results still need to be confirmed in the future. Technological advances like IMRT, IGRT, in the last two decades have significantly improved the delivery of external radiotherapy to the prostate. This has re- sulted in an overall increase in the total dose that can be safely delivered to the prostate, which has led to modest im- provements in the biochemical outcome. However, establishing the standard therapy for prostate cancer remains con- troversial. It is hoped that the next decades will bring continued advances in the development of biologicals that will further improve current clinical outcomes.     

The control system for SSRF injection and extraction

This paper introduces the injection and extraction control system design for SSRF,which is a distributed control system aimed at stability and reliability of the pulse power supplies,PPS(Personnel Protection System)and MPS(Machine Protection System).The hardware environment is mainly based on PLC(Programmable Logic Con- troller),and ARM(Advanced RISC Machine)is also applied for studying stability of the power supplies.WinCC and EPICS(Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System)have been selected as the platforms of SCADA(Super- visory Control and Data Acquisition).For unifying the interfacing to the control computer,all front-end equipments are connected via Industrial Ethemet.     

水平管内含空气蒸汽强制对流冷凝换热模型研究

为研究含空气蒸汽在水平管内强制对流冷凝换热特性,基于对传热传质过程的分析,建立了管内为环状流与波状流条件下的流动冷凝换热模型。从潜热、显热和液膜3个环节对整个换热过程进行建模,最终得到计算局部冷凝换热系数的理论关系式。模型预测结果与实验数据的对比表明,二者相对偏差在±20%以内,验证了该换热模型的准确性与适用性。通过进一步的研究发现：从换热管入口至出口,随着冷凝的进行,管内换热主要热阻由液膜热阻向气液界面的凝结热阻转变;主流气体对流换热过程基本可忽略。     

Investigations on landmine detection by BF3 detector

Experiments were carried out to investigate the possible use of neutron backscattering for the detection of polyethylene (PE) sample buried in the soil. In detection of landmine by neutrons, the neutron detector and its shield play an important role. In this paper, the effects of graphite, heavy water, polyethylene and boric acid moderators on the flux of back scattered neutrons were investigated. We have also experimentally verified the effect of BF3 detector shield and obtained good agreement with theory.     

Web Services interface of SSRF archive data analysis system

Accelerator database stores various static parameters and real-time data of accelerator. SSRF (Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility) adopts relational database to save the data. We developed a data retrieval system based on XML Web Services for accessing the archive data. It includes a bottom layer interface and an interface applicable for accelerator physics. Client samples exemplifying how to consume the interface are given. The users can browse, retrieve and plot data by the client samples. Also, we give a method to test its stability. The test result and performance are described.     

有效探测面积大于1000 cm2的正比计数器测量系统性能测试

为对自制的活性面积高达1 000 cm²的大面积源进行表面发射率定值,同时作为现有2πα、2πβ表面发射率标准装置能力的扩充,研制了一套内置式大面积2π多丝正比计数器测量系统,并利用活性区直径为8 mm的²⁴¹Am点源及活性区面积为10 cm×15 cm的大面积²⁴¹Am和⁹⁰Sr-⁹⁰Y源对其进行计量学性能测试。结果表明：计数器内计数响应均匀性优于±0.4%,有效探测面积达1 400 cm²;所得²⁴¹Am源高压坪曲线的坪长为1 400 V,坪斜为0.27%/100 V,坪区内计数变化为0.87%;⁹⁰Sr-⁹⁰Y源高压坪曲线的坪长为300 V,坪斜为0.75%/100 V,坪区内计数变化为0.80%;10次测量重复性好于0.4%,8 h内短期稳定性好于0.3%,1 a内长期稳定性好于0.8%。     

Assessment of radioactivity levels in some oil samples from the western desert, Egypt

Distributions of natural gamma-emitting radionuclides were determined in 93 oil samples collected from some petroleum fields in the western desert of Egypt. The radioisotope activities in the area under investigation lay in the range of (21 ± 4) to (38 ± 13) Bq?L-1 for 226Ra, (9 ± 2) to (15 ± 5) Bq?L-1 for 232Th, and (154 ± 28) to (303 ± 54) Bq?L-1 for 40K. The mean values were 27, 12, and 201 Bq?L-1, respectively. Among oils, variations in radionuclide ac- tivities could be on account of differences in TDS, HCO3, and Ba, with high or low pH. In this environment, oil prop- erties differently affected the mobilization of natural radionuclides. The range of 226Ra variation had been compared with available data from other countries. The calculated absorbed dose rate ranged from 22.33 to 32.66 nGy?h-1 in lo- cation (B) and (E) respectively, which was less than the accepted value.     

Preparation and properties of 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP in in-vitro and in small animals

In this work,TTHMP was synthesized and labelled with 117m Sn.The preparation conditions,stability and lipophilicity of 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP were investigated.Biodistribution of the complex in rabbits and mice was studied.It was found that the quantity of TTHMP and pH value of the prepararion solution had vital effects on the labeling yield of 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP.It was also found that 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP was hydrophilic and stable at room temperature and 37℃ in open air 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP showed unexpectedly high bone uptake and bone-to-blood ratio in the animals.This made it potentially useful as an reagent for skeletal scintigraphy and radiotherapy of bone tumors.     

The role of AGFA high-energy CR in the calibration and quality control of multileaf collimators （MLC）

Linear accelerators equipped with multileaf collimators （MLC） are becoming more common and are widely used in the intensity-modulated radiotherapy （IMRT）. There is an imperative need to ensure the commissioning specification of the linear accelerators for the sake of quality assurance （QA） and quality control （QC）. This paper is aimed to investigate the role of AGFA high-energy CR （Computed Radiography） in calibrating dynamic multileaf collimators and evaluating the accuracy of the leaf position. The result shows that AGFA high-energy CR can easily and conveniently be used to calibrate MLC and verify its position. Hence, the application of AGFA high-energy CR is proved to be an accurate and time-saving method for routine MLC QC, especially when MLC calibration adjustments are required.