阻燃抗冲聚丙烯的制备及性能研究

通过熔融共混工艺,制备了聚丙烯与橡胶、阻燃填料、顺酐化聚丙烯的共混物,研究了各组分对共混物力学性能及阻燃性能的影响。结果表明,橡胶使共混物的拉伸强度下降,冲击强度增加;顺酐化聚丙烯使共混物的拉伸强度和冲击强度明显提高;阻烯填料的加入使聚丙烯＝／丁苯橡胶（ＰＰ／ＳＢＲ）共混物的拉伸强度和冲击强度都降低,Ｍｇ（ＯＨ）２经硅烷偶联剂处理后,使ＰＰ／ＳＢＲ共混物的拉伸强度和冲击强度明显提高。     

Effect of macromolecular coupling agent on the property of PP/GF composites

Silane‐grafted polypropylene manufactured by a reactive grafting process was used as the coupling agent in polypropylene/glass‐fiber composites to improve the interaction of the interfacial regions. Polypropylene reinforced with 30% by weight of short glass fibers was injection‐molded and the mechanical behaviors were investigated. The results indicate that the mechanical properties (tensile strength, tensile modulus, flexural strength, flexural modulus, and Izod impact strength) of the composite increased remarkably as compared with the noncoupled glass fiber/polypropylene. SEM of the fracture surfaces of the coupled composites shows a good adhesion at the fiber/matrix interface: The fibers are coated with matrix polymer, and a matrix transition region exists near the fibers. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 71: 1537–1542, 1999     

Experimental investigation on the influence of the composition on the morphology and the mechanical properties of short glass fiber‐reinforced polypropylene nanocomposites

Polypropylene composites containing 0–5 wt% layered silicate and 0–30 wt% short glass fibers are prepared by melt compounding. To investigate the influence of different compositions on the mechanical properties of short glass fiber‐reinforced polypropylene nanocomposites, materials with various filler contents are prepared. At a glass fiber content of 10 wt% Young's modulus of the layered silicate‐containing composites decreases by around 30% compared to conventional glass fiber‐reinforced polypropylene. But at higher glass fiber loadings, an increasing modulus of up to 10% is observed. However, the addition of layered silicate results in large decreases of the tensile and the notched impact strength. A maleic anhydride‐grafted polypropylene enhances Young's modulus and the tensile strength. © 2012 Society of Plastics Engineers     

Effect of filler surface treatment on mechanical properties and thermal properties of single and hybrid filler–filled PP composites

The influence of two types of surface treatments (aminosilane and Lica‐12) on the mechanical and thermal properties of polypropylene (PP) filled with single and hybrid filler (silica and mica) was studied. An improvement in tensile properties and impact strength was found for both treatments compared to those of untreated composites. However, the filler with silane coupling agent showed better improvement compared to the filler with Lica‐12 coupling agent. This was due to better adhesion between filler and matrix. Thermal analysis indicates that surface treatments increased the nucleating ability of filler, but decreased the coefficient of thermal expansion of PP composites. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011     

Influence of interfacial adhesion on the structural and mechanical behavior of PP‐banana/glass hybrid composites

Hybrid composites of polypropylene (PP), reinforced with short banana and glass fibers were fabricated using Haake torque rheocord followed by compression molding with and without the presence maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene (MAPP) as a coupling agent. Incorporation of both fibers into PP matrix resulted in increase of tensile strength, flexural strength, and impact strength upto 30 wt% with an optimum strength observed at 2 wt% MAPP treated 15 wt% banana and 15 wt% glass fiber. The rate of water absorption for the hybrid composites was decreased due to the presence of glass fiber and coupling agent. The effect of fiber loading in presence of coupling agent on the dynamic mechanical properties has been analyzed to investigate the interfacial properties. An increase in storage modulus (E′) of the treated‐composite indicates higher stiffness. The loss tangent (tan δ) spectra confirms a strong influence of fiber loading and coupling agent concentration on the α and β relaxation process of PP. The nature of fiber matrix adhesion was examined through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of the tensile fractured specimen. Thermal measurements were carried out through differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and the thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), indicated an increase in the crystallization temperature and thermal stability of PP with the incorporation of MAPP‐treated banana and glass fiber. POLYM. COMPOS., 31:1247–1257, 2010. © 2009 Society of Plastics Engineers     

Effects of the glass bead content and the surface treatment on the mechanical properties of polypropylene composites

Polypropylene composites filled with glass beads (GBs) were prepared by means of a twin‐screw extruder. The tensile properties and impact‐fracture strength of the composites were measured at room temperature to identify the effects of the GB content and surface treatment on the mechanical properties. The results show that the relative elastic modulus increased nonlinearly, whereas the tensile strength decreased with increasing GB volume fraction (?_f). The notched impact strength increased with increasing ?_f when ?_f was less than 11%, and then, it decreased; this might have been related to the GB aggregation in the case of higher concentration. The mechanical properties of the composite systems in which the GB surface was treated with silane coupling agent were better than those of the composite systems filled with the untreated GBs under the same conditions. Furthermore, the impact‐fractured surfaces were observed with a scanning electron microscope to understand the interfacial morphology between the inclusion and the matrix and to examine the toughening mechanisms. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012     

Preparation and characteristics of composites of high‐crystalline cellulose with polypropylene: Effects of maleated polypropylene and cellulose content

Binary composites of high‐crystalline fibrous cellulose with polypropylene (PP) or maleic anhydride‐grafted polypropylene (MAPP) were prepared by melt‐mixing with different contents of cellulose from 0 to 60 wt %. Ternary composites of cellulose with PP and MAPP were also prepared to investigate the effects of MAPP as a compatibilizer between cellulose and PP. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that the addition of MAPP generates strong interactions between a PP matrix and cellulose fibers: All cellulose fibers are encapsulated by layers of the matrix and connected tightly within the matrix. Thus, the tensile strength and Young's modulus of MAPP‐containing composites increase with an increase in MAPP and cellulose content, in contrast to the decrease in tensile strength of a PP‐based binary composite with an increase in cellulose. Cellulose fibers act as a nucleating agent for the crystallization of PP, which is promoted by the addition of MAPP through an increase of the crystallization temperature of PP in the composite. Accordingly, both cellulose and MAPP facilitate the thermooxidative stability of PP composites in the following order: MAPP/cellulose > PP/MAPP/cellulose > PP/cellulose > PP. Relative water absorption increases with an increase in cellulose content, decreasing with the addition of MAPP. MAPP‐containing cellulose composites have high potential for applications as environmentally friendly materials. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 87: 337–345, 2003     

Effects of alkali and silane treatment on the mechanical properties of jute‐fiber‐reinforced recycled polypropylene composites

Jute‐fibers‐reinforced thermoplastic composites are widely used in the automobile, packaging, and electronic industries because of their various advantages such as low cost, ease of recycling, and biodegradability. However, the applications of these kinds of composites are limited because of their unsatisfactory mechanical properties, which are caused by the poor interfacial compatibility between jute fibers and the thermoplastic matrix. In this work, four methods, including (i) alkali treatment, (ii) alkali and silane treatment, (iii) alkali and (maleic anhydride)‐polypropylene (MAPP) treatment, and (iv) alkali, silane, and MAPP treatment (ASMT) were used to treat jute fibers and improve the interfacial adhesion of jute‐fiber‐reinforced recycled polypropylene composites (JRPCS). The mechanical properties and impact fracture surfaces of the composites were observed, and their fracture mechanism was analyzed. The results showed that ASMT composites possessed the optimum comprehensive mechanical properties. When the weight fraction of jute fibers was 15%, the tensile strength and impact toughness were increased by 46 and 36%, respectively, compared to those of untreated composites. The strongest interfacial adhesion between jute fibers and recycled polypropylene was obtained for ASMT composites. The fracture styles of this kind of composite included fiber breakage, fiber pull‐out, and interfacial debonding. J. VINYL ADDIT. TECHNOL., 2010. © 2010 Society of Plastics Engineers.     

Glass fiber reinforced and β‐nucleating agents regulated polypropylene: A complementary approach and a case study

A two‐step process for preparing glass fibers (GFs) reinforced β‐nucleated PP composites was designed and developed. The complementary approach combined GFs reinforcement and β‐nucleating agents regulation using N,N′‐dicyclohexyl‐2,6‐napthalene‐dicarboxamide (TMB‐5) in the presence of maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene (PP‐g‐MA) through extrusion blending. The influence of TMB‐5 and GFs on the mechanical properties and crystallization behavior of PP was studied by mechanical test, wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, and scanning electron microscopy. A distinct complementary effect of GFs and β‐nucleating agent TMB‐5 on mechanical properties and crystallization behavior of PP was observed. Results showed that addition of 20 wt % GFs and 0.1 wt % TMB‐5 into PP matrix with the two‐step process could lead to significant increase to its mechanical properties: specifically 64.8% improvement in tensile strength, 107.1% enhancement in flexural modulus, and 167.7% increasement in notched impact strength compared to that of neat PP. Furthermore, with the combination of TMB‐5 and GFs, not only led to promoted interfacial adhesion, but also significantly improved overall comprehensive mechanical properties. The complementary process provided an alternative approach for the development of PP with balanced toughnesss and stiffness. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018 , 135, 45768.     

Effect of silane coupling agents on basalt fiber–epoxidized vegetable oil matrix composite materials analyzed by the single fiber fragmentation technique

The fiber–matrix interfacial shear strength (IFSS) of biobased epoxy composites reinforced with basalt fiber was investigated by the fragmentation method. Basalt fibers were modified with four different silanes, (3‐aminopropyl)trimethoxysilane, [3‐(2‐aminoethylamino)propyl]‐trimethoxysilane, trimethoxy[2‐(7‐oxabicyclo[4.1.0]hept‐3‐yl)ethyl]silane and (3‐glycidyloxypropyl)trimethoxysilane to improve the adhesion between the basalt fiber and the resin. The analysis of the fiber tensile strength results was performed in terms of statistical parameters. The tensile strength of silane‐treated basalt fiber is higher than the tensile strength of the untreated basalt fiber; this behavior may be due to flaw healing effect on the defected fiber surfaces. The IFSS results on the composites confirm that the interaction between the fiber modified with coupling agents and the bio‐based epoxy resin was much stronger than that with the untreated basalt fiber. POLYM. COMPOS., 36:1205–1212, 2015. © 2014 Society of Plastics Engineers     

Mechanical and interfacial properties of phenolic composites reinforced with treated cellulose fibers

Cellulose fiber‐reinforced phenolic composites were prepared and characterized by mechanical tests and morphological analysis in this study. First, preparation of the phenolic matrix was optimized using an experimental design. The variables studied were curing temperature and time. The responses measured were strength, elongation, modulus, and strain energy density, in tensile and flexural tests. After fixing the optimal curing conditions of the matrix at 75°C and 2.75 h, the effect of a latest drying stage was studied. Strengths in tensile and flexural tests of the matrix after the incorporation of the drying stage were 156 and 189% of the strengths of the undried matrix, and elastic moduli were three‐fold. Finally, cellulose fibers were incorporated as reinforcement. Alkali treatment of the fibers (1 and 5% NaOH), employment of silanes as coupling agents [(3‐aminopropyl) trimethoxysilane (APS) and 3‐(2‐aminoethylamino) propyltrimethoxysilane (AAPS)], and combined treatments alkali‐silane were tested. The AAPS silane treated cellulose fiber‐reinforced phenolic composite was the material with the best mechanical performance and adhesion fiber–matrix. The most significant improvements obtained with the AAPS silane treatment of the fibers were 25, 52, and 110% for tensile strength, elongation, and SED, respectively, in relation to the unreinforced material properties. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 54:2228–2238, 2014. © 2013 Society of Plastics Engineers     

核-壳结构硅橡胶增韧增强无卤阻燃聚酰胺66/玻璃纤维复合材料的改性研究

以聚酰胺66为基础树脂,核-壳结构硅橡胶为增韧剂,圆形玻璃纤维和扁平玻璃纤维为增强材料,无卤阻燃剂为阻燃材料,制备了无卤阻燃复合材料。通过万能拉伸试验机、摆锤冲击试验和UL 94测试仪分别研究了复合材料的力学性能和阻燃性能等。结果表明,随着硅橡胶含量的增加,复合材料的缺口冲击强度增加;在相同硅橡胶含量下,含扁平玻璃纤维的复合材料的韧性比含圆形玻璃纤维的韧性好;当硅的含量为6 %时,复合材料的综合性能最好,缺口冲击强度和未增韧的复合材料相比,分别提高了10 %（圆形玻璃纤维）和11 %（扁平玻璃纤维）,拉伸强度保持在85 %以上,同时阻燃性能能够保持在UL 94 V-0等级。     

玻璃微珠对PVC/ABS合金材料性能的影响

研究了未经表面处理和用硅烷偶联剂进行表面处理的玻璃微珠(GB)的填充量对PVC/ABS合金材料力学性能、热性能和加工性能的影响。结果表明:玻璃微珠的加入使PVC/ABS合金材料的拉伸强度和缺口冲击强度大大降低,但是复合材料的加工性能和维卡软化温度得到改善。     

硅烷接枝聚丙烯对GMTPP的增容作用及增容机理

为了获得高刚性和高韧性的玻璃纤维毡增强聚丙烯(GMT-PP),首先制备了硅烷接枝聚丙烯(PP-g-Si),研究了PP-g-Si对GMT-PP的增容作用及增容机理.结果表明质量分数低于20%的PP-g-Si,可以提高GMT-PP的拉伸和弯曲性能,而冲击强度几乎没有变化;PP-g-Si对GMT-PP的增容机理为PP-g-Si的甲硅烷基氧与结合在玻璃纤维上的氨基硅烷的氨基相互吸附形成了氢键.     

Effects of vinyltrimethoxy silane on mechanical properties and morphology of polypropylene‐woodflour composites

The effects of composition and interface modification on the tensile properties and the impact resistance of different woodflour/polypropylene composites (WPC) were studied. The woodflour was treated with vinyltrimethoxy silane as a coupling agent, and its effect on the WPC properties was examined. In addition, the tensile data were fitted with several semiempirical models to clarify the mechanical behavior of the composites. The Pukánszky parameters obtained from the fit of the tensile strength data revealed that the distribution of the filler was more homogeneous in the composites containing silane and that interaction between components was improved. The impact strength was maximal for the composites containing 30% of silane‐treated woodflour. Morphological analysis by SEM revealed that the woodflour tended to form agglomerates when present in relatively high amounts in the formulations. For the silane‐treated composites, the dispersion of the filler into the polypropylene (PP) matrix improved, although surface treatment blocked the inclusion of PP into the wood cells. This probably decreased the elastic moduli, even when the filler‐matrix interaction was improved. The beneficial effects of the coupling agent on the WPC properties were greater in the materials containing a relatively low amount of filler (up to 30%); the effectiveness of 0.5% and 1% organosilane were very similar, demonstrating the effectiveness of the coupling agent. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2009. © 2008 Society of Plastics Engineers     

Mechanical and thermal properties of wood‐plastic composites reinforced with hexagonal boron nitride

Mechanical, thermal, and morphological properties of injection molded wood‐plastic composites (WPCs) prepared from poplar wood flour (50 wt%), thermoplastics (high density polyethlyne or polypropylene) with coupling agent (3 wt%), and hexagonal boron nitride (h‐BN) (2, 4, or 6 wt%) nanopowder were investigated. The flexural and tensile properties of WPCs significantly improved with increasing content of the h‐BN. Unlike the tensile and flexural properties, the notched izod impact strength of WPCs decreased with increasing content of h‐BN but it was higher than that of WPCs without the h‐BN. The WPCs containing h‐BN were stiffer than those without h‐BN. The tensile elongation at break values of WPCs increased with the addition of h‐BN. The differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis showed that the crystallinity, melting enthalpy, and crystallization enthalpy of the WPCs increased with increasing content of the h‐BN. The increase in the crystallization peak temperature of WPCs indicated that h‐BN was the efficient nucleating agent for the thermoplastic composites to increase the crystallization rate. POLYM. COMPOS., 35:194–200, 2014. © 2013 Society of Plastics Engineers     

Mechanical properties and water absorption of fiber‐reinforced polypropylene composites prepared by bagasse and beech fiber

The present study investigates the tensile, flexural, notched Izod impact, and water absorption properties of bagasse and beech reinforced polypropylene (PP) composites as a function of fiber content. The surface of fibers was modified through the use of maleated polypropylene (MAPP) coupling agent. From this study, it was found that mechanical properties increase with an increase in fiber loading in both cases. However, the addition of wood fibers resulted in a decrease in impact strength of the composites. The water absorption property at varying fiber loading was evaluated and found maximum for the BA/PP composites. The weight gains for all specimens were less than 7%. In general, the results showed the usefulness of bagasse fiber as a good alternative and reinforcing agent for composite. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009     

陶瓷颗粒在无规共聚聚丙烯改性中的应用

采用熔融共混法制备了陶瓷颗粒/聚丙烯复合材料,探讨了陶瓷颗粒用量对复合材料流动性及力学性能的影响。结果表明：经过硅烷偶联剂KH-550处理的陶瓷颗粒与聚丙烯之间的界面粘接性加强,使复合材料的流动性和加工性能得到提高;随着陶瓷颗粒用量的增加,复合材料的拉伸强度呈现先增大后减小的趋势,而冲击强度却一直下降,在陶瓷颗粒用量为15%时综合性能较好。     

界面改性对聚乳酸/Lyocell纤维复合材料结构与性能的影响

采用熔融共混法制备了聚乳酸（PLA）/Lyocell纤维复合材料,并通过力学性能、差示扫描量热仪、维卡软化温度及扫描电子显微镜等研究了硅烷偶联剂（KH550）和六亚甲基二异氰酸酯（HMDI）对复合材料结构与性能的影响。结果表明,与KH550相比,HMDI界面改性的效果较佳;随着偶联剂HMDI含量的增加,复合材料的力学性能呈现先增后减的趋势,当其含量为1 %（质量分数,下同）时,复合材料的维卡软化温度较未添加偶联剂时提高了5.1 ℃,且拉伸强度、拉伸模量、弯曲强度、弯曲模量和缺口冲击强度也比未添加HMDI时分别提高了57.1 %、10.5 %、32.3 %、19.5 %和23.7 %。     

Effect of fiber surface treatment on the properties of biocomposites from nonwoven industrial hemp fiber mats and unsaturated polyester resin

Biocomposites were made with nonwoven hemp mats and unsaturated polyester resin (UPE). The hemp fiber volume fraction was optimized by mechanical testing. The effect of four surface treatments of industrial hemp fibers on mechanical and thermal properties of biocomposites was studied. The treatments done were alkali treatment, silane treatment, UPE (matrix) treatment, and acrylonitrile treatment. Bending strength, modulus of elasticity, tensile strength, tensile modulus, impact strength, storage modulus, loss modulus, and tan δ were evaluated and compared for all composites. The mechanical as well as thermal properties of the biocomposites improved after surface treatments. The properties of the above biocomposites were also compared with E‐glass–mat composite. To achieve balance in properties, a hybrid composite of industrial hemp and glass fibers was made. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 99: 1055–1068, 2006