High temperature and high pressure H n.m.r. and e.s.r. studies on coal liquefaction reactions

Changes in chemical reactions during coal liquefaction of Yallourn brown coal and Akabira bituminous coal were monitored by using high temperature and high pressure ¹H n.m.r. A simple high temperature and high pressure e.s.r. cell was constructed and the variation in concentration of free radicals during coal liquefaction reactions was monitored under the same experimental conditions as for n.m.r. With the liquefaction and coking reaction, typical spectra of n.m.r. and e.s.r. were obtained and could distinguish the reaction steps: swelling; liquefaction; coking. The combination of high temperature and high pressure n.m.r. and e.s.r. is promising to the chemistry of coal liquefaction reactions.     

E.E.C. Harmonization program and its impact and status on E.E.C. legislation for vegetable proteins

The paper reviews a number of difficulties facing expansion of the use of vegetable proteins in foods in the present and future policital and economic environments of the European Community. Integration of vegetable proteins into a wide spectrum of food products could be affected by existing market organizations for agricultural products for which they are substitutes. On the procedural plane, there are possibilities for change in the wake of the enlargement of the Community, and the author traces the procedural steps by which Community legislation is proposed by the European Commission, and adopted by the Council of Ministers. The author ends by outlining the conditions under which the European Commission would find it both necessary and desirable to consider making a proposal for the harmonization of the laws of member states concerning vegetable protein, and points to the need for broad agreement between national administrations, consumer organizations and industry if such a proposal is to have any prospect of being adopted.     

Characterisation of separated melamine—formaldehyde adducts (methylolmelamines) and adduct mixtures by h.p.l.c. and by n.m.r. and u.v. spectroscopy

Most of the individual methylolmelamines that occur in melamine–formaldehyde adduct mixtures have been separated by preparative high-performance liquid chromatography (h.p.l.c.) and recovered in amounts sufficient to allow their characterisation by high-field ¹H- and ¹³C-n.m.r. Particular attention has been paid to the chemical shifts of the aromatic azine carbons of the melamine nuclei. These carbon shifts are shown broadly to be in agreement with some values previously published, but additional assignments have been made. It is shown that a satisfactory quantitative analysis of the methylolmelamines in a melamine–formaldehyde adduct mixture can be carried out either by h.p.l.c. or by ¹³C-n.m.r.     

兔先生和羊先生

闫睿说自己是视觉动物。 2005年,闫睿从北京服装学院艺术设计系毕业,随后进入中央美术学院念艺术设计专业硕士。在校几年间,闰睿便展现出非凡的设计天赋,拿到了包括HRD国际钻饰设计大赛和CCTV首饰设计大赛等的重要奖项。2007年,获得了中央美术学院设计学院的学院奖的闫睿顺利硕士毕业。     

The A.O.C.S. and the protective coating industry

Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society -