钢填板-螺栓连接胶合木框架结构耐火试验与有限元分析

为研究钢填板-螺栓连接胶合木框架在火灾条件下的炭化情况和破坏模式,对常温下1榀单跨木框架试件的承载力和ISO 834标准升温条件下3榀单跨木框架试件的持荷耐火极限进行了试验研究,考察了持荷水平、隅撑设置对木框架耐火极限的影响。试验结果表明:炭化层的收缩和剥落会导致防火涂料对金属连接件的覆盖作用失效,从而加剧螺栓周围木材的炭化;未受火的对比试件的破坏模式为木梁跨中区域梁底木材顺纹受拉破坏,受火试件的破坏模式为梁端螺栓密集区域的木材横纹剪切破坏;与高持荷水平试件相比,低持荷水平试件具备更好的耐火性能,当试件的持荷水平由30%下降至10%时,其耐火极限提高了13min;框架中的隅撑提高了试件的抗火性能,减小了木梁的跨中弯矩和梁端剪力,使木梁的破坏模式由梁端脆性剪切破坏向跨中延性弯曲破坏转变,试件持荷水平为30%时,隅撑使试件的耐火极限提高了6min。在ABAQUS有限元软件中采用温度场-结构场顺序耦合分析方法和子程序定义木材本构关系,能较为准确地模拟火灾条件下胶合木框架的温度场分布和破坏模式,采用模拟木节的精细化建模方法可显著提高有限元分析结果的精度;有限元分析模型中木梁底部的木材单元因炭化而逐渐丧失承载力,导致木梁中和轴随受火时间的延长而上移。     

受约束预应力混凝土空心板整浇楼面耐火极限试验研究

为分析不同持荷水平下受约束预应力混凝土空心板整浇楼面的耐火极限变化规律,进行了3块受约束预应力混凝土空心板整浇楼面试件的耐火极限试验研究。结果表明:未受火对比试件与受火试件均发生弯曲破坏;持荷比分别为0.3和0.5的试件的耐火极限分别为132 min和73 min,即试件的耐火极限随着持荷比的增加而显著降低;试件内部温度升高存在明显的滞后,截面形成不均匀温度场,呈层状分布;预制空心板孔洞内的温度明显高于相同位置混凝土测点的温度。采用ABAQUS软件对受约束预制空心板整浇楼面试件的截面温度场和不同持荷比下耐火极限进行了数值模拟,结果表明提出的有限元模型能够较准确地预测试件的温度场分布和耐火极限。     

螺栓连接胶合木梁柱节点耐火极限的试验研究

通过5根螺栓连接胶合木梁柱节点耐火极限试验,研究螺栓连接胶合木梁柱节点的升温规律和耐火极限,结果表明:常温下螺栓钢填板连接节点的承载力比U形连接件连接节点高,各测点温度随着受火时间的增加而升高且停火后温度下降较慢;测点离木截面表面距离越近,温度越高;距木截面表面距离相同处,螺栓位置温度比节点区域外梁柱截面处温度高;相同类型的胶合木节点,随荷载比增加耐火极限减小;相同荷载比时,U形连接件连接节点耐火极限比螺栓钢填板连接节点稍高。     

端板厚度对新型全螺栓连接节点的抗震性能影响

对3个新型全螺栓端板连接十字节点试件在低周反复水平荷载作用下的滞回性能进行试验研究,研究试件的破坏形态,分析得到了新型全螺栓端板连接十字节点的滞回曲线、骨架曲线、延性和破坏模式等。试验结果表明:随着端板厚度的增加,试件的极限承载力、耗能能力和延性随之减小。新型全螺栓连接节点的破坏模式有3种:分别为端板屈曲、焊缝撕裂和螺栓拔出。     

预应力混凝土空心板耐火极限的试验研究

底面受火预应力混凝土空心板耐火极限由空心板跨中挠度、跨中挠度变化率和试件断裂破坏综合确定。通过5块预应力混凝土空心板底面受火耐火极限的对比试验,研究了不同持荷水平底面受火空心板的耐火极限。研究结果表明,分别持荷25%和50%极限荷载的空心板BP25和BP50的耐火极限分别为47 min和30 min,即随着持荷水平增加,底面受火空心板耐火极限明显降低。     

不同持荷水平下预应力混凝土空心板耐火极限试验研究

通过15块预应力混凝土空心板底面受火耐火极限的对比试验，研究了不同持荷水平、板底是否涂抹水泥砂浆粉刷层的底面受火预应力混凝土空心板的耐火极限。结果表明，未受火对比试件和持荷受火试件均发生源于纯弯区受拉裂缝引起的弯曲破坏，持荷受火空心板的跨中挠度显著增大。有粉刷层持荷（8%~72%）p_u （p_u 为未受火对比试件极限荷载的平均值）的试件耐火极限为35~154 min；持荷小于50% p_u 有粉刷层预制空心板的耐火极限均大于43 min。无粉刷层持荷（16%~48%）p_u 的试件耐火极限为31~47 min。随着持荷水平增加，底面受火预制空心板耐火极限逐渐降低；板底涂抹粉刷层后，耐火极限明显提高。无粉刷层预制空心板在受火过程中，孔洞内温度和板顶温度均明显高于有粉刷层的预制空心板。持荷水平对孔洞内和板顶温升梯度无明显影响，但板底涂抹粉刷层对预制空心板温度场变化影响明显。     

一麻五灰传统保护处理圆木柱的耐火极限试验研究

一麻五灰是传统木结构中常见的地仗保护做法。通过4组10根采用一麻五灰传统保护处理圆木柱的耐火极限对比试验,研究不同持荷水平、不同直径、是否采用一麻五灰传统保护处理等对圆木柱耐火极限的影响。研究结果表明:对于直径为200mm的圆木柱,当无表面防火处理时,荷载比为30%和50%时耐火极限分别为39.7min和8.7min;当表面采用一麻五灰传统保护处理时,荷载比为30%和50%时耐火极限分别为56.0min和19.9min;对于直径为350mm的圆木柱,当无表面防火处理时,荷载比为30%和50%时耐火极限分别为94.2min和62.5min;当表面采用一麻五灰传统保护处理时,荷载比为30%和50%时耐火极限分别为123.7min和94.7min。可见圆木柱的耐火极限随着持荷水平增加而显著降低,随着直径增加而显著增大;采用一麻五灰传统保护处理后,圆木柱的耐火极限明显增大;一麻五灰传统保护处理能有效降低圆木柱内部的温升梯度,延缓圆木柱开始炭化的时间、降低炭化速度。     

往复荷载下柔性剪力板连接组件力学性能

为研究往复荷载作用下柔性剪力板连接组件的力学性能,设计制作了4个剪力板连接试件,进行低周往复荷载作用下的试验研究,并采用ABAQUS对试验进行模拟分析,得到往复荷载作用下柔性剪力板连接的承载力、受力—变形关系及失效模式,给出柔性剪力板连接的设计建议。研究结果表明:当端距在2.5倍螺栓直径内时,螺栓孔承压组件承载力与端距成线性关系;在卸载时,柔性剪力板连接的受力—变形为线性关系;螺栓孔承压组件的变形能力强于螺栓受剪组件。     

三面受火胶合竹梁耐火极限的试验研究

通过5根胶合竹梁的耐火极限试验,对三面受火胶合竹梁的升温规律和耐火极限进行了研究,试验参数包括截面和荷载比。研究表明:未受火对比胶合竹梁经历弹性阶段、弹塑性阶段后,发生脆性断裂破坏;跨中截面应变符合平截面假定。耐火极限试验试件各测点温度随受火时间的增加而升高,且停火之后温度下降较慢;测点离胶合竹截面表面距离越近,温度越高;不同试件距边缘相同距离测点的温度随受火时间变化规律基本相似。相同截面胶合竹梁耐火极限随荷载比增大而减小,相同荷载比胶合竹梁耐火极限随截面尺寸增大而增加。100×225截面胶合竹梁荷载比为0.2,0.35,0.5时,耐火极限分别为30,22,10 min。     

三面受火胶合木梁耐火极限的试验研究

通过5根胶合木梁耐火极限试验,对三面受火胶合木梁的升温规律和耐火极限等进行了详细研究,主要考虑了截面尺寸和荷载比两个参数对其耐火极限的影响。研究结果表明:各测点温度随着受火时间的增加而升高,且停火之后温度下降较慢;测点离木截面表面距离越近,温度越高;且不同试件距边缘相同距离测点温度随时间的变化关系相差较小;相同截面的胶合木梁,随着荷载比的增加耐火极限减小;相同荷载比的胶合木梁,截面较小的木梁耐火极限较低。150 mm×300 mm截面胶合木梁荷载比为0.2、0.35和0.5时,耐火极限分别为46 min、33 min和25 min;而100 mm×200 mm截面胶合木梁荷载比为0.35时,耐火极限为18 min。     

高强度钢材螺栓连接抗剪性能试验研究

近年来高强度钢材在工程中得到了逐步推广和应用,尤其是Q460强度等级的高强度钢材。但是目前各国规范都尚未对高强度钢材螺栓连接设计方法做出具体规定,仍沿用普通强度钢材的设计方法。因此,需对端距、边距和螺栓间距等几何构造对高强度钢材螺栓抗剪连接性能的影响进行深入的试验研究。针对10,12 mm厚的Q460强度等级的高强度钢材进行螺栓抗剪连接试验,通过改变两个10.9级M27高强度螺栓的几何布置,研究不同端距、边距和螺栓间距情况下,高强度钢材的承压性能的变化情况。由试验可以观察到螺栓抗剪连接的3种不同的破坏模式:端部撕裂、孔壁拉长和板净截面拉断。同时还将试验得到的极限承载力与欧洲和美国钢结构设计规范设计值进行比较。结果发现,现有规范并不能很好地预测高强度钢材螺栓抗剪连接的破坏模式和极限强度,建议更深入地进行参数分析以完善规范设计方法。     

State-of-the-art on resistance of bearing-type bolted connections in high strength steel

With the recent development of material science, high strength steel (HSS) has become a practical solution for landmark buildings and major projects. The current codes for design of bearing-type bolted connections of steel constructions were established based on the research of conventional steels. Since the mechanical properties of HSS are different from those of conventional steels, more works should be done to develop the appropriate approach for the design of bearing-type bolted connections in HSS. A review of the research carried out on bearing-type bolted connections fabricated from conventional steel and HSS is presented. The up-to-date tests conducted at Tongji University on four connection types fabricated from three grades of HSS with nominal yield strengths of 550, 690, and 890 MPa are presented. The previous research on failure modes, bearing resistance and the design with consideration of bolt hole elongation are summarized. It is found that the behavior of bolted connections in HSS have no drastic difference compared to that of conventional steel connections. Although the ductility is reduced, plastic deformation capacity of HSS is sufficient to ensure the load redistribution between different bolts with normal construction tolerances. It is also found that behavior of each bolt of multi-bolt connections arranged in perpendicular to load direction is almost identical to that of a single-bolt connection with the same end distance. For connections with bolts arranged in parallel to load direction, the deformation capacity of the whole connection depends on the minimum value between the end distance and the spacing distances in load direction. The comparison with existing design codes shows that Eurocode3 and Chinese GB50017-2017 are conservative for the design of bolted connections in HSS while AISC 360-16 may overestimate the bearing resistance of bolted connections.     

高性能耐火钢高强度螺栓接头高温受剪性能试验研究

为促进高性能耐火钢材设计理论发展与工程应用,对采用不同型号高强度螺栓的10个高强度螺栓连接接头进行了不同温度条件下的受剪试验,其中包含4个采用普通高强度螺栓的连接接头以及6个采用BFRW10耐火高强度螺栓的连接接头,连接板均采用WGJ高性能耐火钢.试验研究了常温下螺栓接头的摩擦面抗滑移系数、不同温度下螺栓接头的荷载-位...     

High strength steel bolted connections with filler plates

The effects of undeveloped filler plates were experimentally evaluated for high strength steel bolted connections using standard size holes, oversize holes and multiple fillers. Filler plates up to 51 mm (2 in.) thick were utilized in connecting high performance A709 HPS 480W (HPS 70W) grade steel plates using 22 mm (0.88 in.) A490 bolts. With increasing filler thickness, the connection strength was found to decrease up to a limit and then recover for thicker fillers in standard and oversized hole connections. Multiple filler connections experienced the greatest strength decrease as the bolt failure shifted to the threads located outside the shear planes. Deformations also exhibited a limit, however the use of oversize holes resulted in 1.7 times larger deformations than standard or multiple fillers. Recommendations were developed for strength reduction and deformation amplification as function of filler thickness and bolt diameter.     

Yield line theory based loading capacity analytical model of bolted endplate connections to square hollow section columns

为研究螺栓端板连接方钢管柱的承载力,进行了11个连接件的单调静力试验,分析了钢管和螺栓的3种典型破坏模式,以及钢管管壁厚度、螺栓列距与直径、盲孔螺栓Hollo-bolt构造等因素对连接件承载力的影响,提出了预测该类连接承载力的改进屈服线计算模型。研究结果表明：螺栓端板连接方钢管柱的破坏模式与钢管管壁厚度以及螺栓列距相关,承载力随钢管厚度以及螺栓列距和直径的增大而增大;通过连接件整体位移和钢管管壁连接面竖向位移与荷载关系,按双线性屈服模型得出的承载力预测值与试验值相近;由连接件试验结果折算得到的预测结果可用于此类节点的屈服弯矩计算。基于屈服线理论建立的连接件承载力的计算模型的计算结果,与试验结果比较,二者吻合较好。     

Shear strength of high-strength bolts at elevated temperature

Failure of bolted connections has frequently occurred during fire events. Because knowledge of the behavior of high-strength bolts while under fire is insufficient, there is further need to establish the behavior of high-strength bolt while under fire load. In this study, the behavior of high-strength bolts was investigated by a series of tests conducted at elevated temperatures with the parameters of temperature, number of bolts and the joint geometry analyzed. The strength deterioration and the deformation characteristics of the bolts were analyzed and discussed. Based on the experimental results, it was found that AIJ specification provides a conservative prediction for the strength of high-strength bolt under fire conditions, while BS5950 overestimated bolt strength. Eurocode 3 gave a good prediction on bolt strength.     

Effect of end distance and bolt number on bearing strength of bolted connections at elevated temperature

To avoid the failure at bolted connections and ensure fire resistance at elevated temperature, this study examines the effect of end distance and bolt number on the bearing behavior of bolted connection from experimental results. In addition, numerical analysis is performed to evaluate the stress distribution at bolt hole with varied end distance at different temperature levels and to investigate the influence of stress concentration in longer joints. Based on the results of this study, it is found that the bearing strength increases linearly with end distance up to the value of 4d. And both AISC and Eurocode 3 underestimate the bearing stregnht of bolted plates at elevated temperature. A linear function of end distance is proposed for the bearing strength of bolted connections. The reduction factor for shear lag effect of AISC is recommended to modify the bearing strength for longer connections. It is also suggested to increase the end distance 3d to prevent tear-out failure at elevated temperature.     

Comparison of bolted end plate and T-stub connections sensitivity to bolt diameter on cyclic behavior

Considering the construction limitations, proper and correct design of connections is vital and of great importance. At the construction stage, it is probable to use a connection bolt with a diameter less than the design assumptions. It can occur due to an imperfection in construction or even to changes in the function of the building. The unforeseen changes can increase the structural load, and consequently the moment and shear force demand values. Therefore, the present paper is aimed to examine the sensitivity of the bolted connections to the diameter of bolts using a numerical method. The results show that bolted T-stub connections are more sensitive to bolt diameter than end plate connections. Hence, the bolted end plate connections are recommended where the imperfection in construction or changes in function of the building is probable. Moreover, in construction of bolted connections, if changing the number of bolts regarding the constant total cross sectional area is considered, it is recommended to use the symmetric arrangement of bolts on each beam flange. In design of connections for a particular frame according to AISC, the moment capacity of T-stub connection is higher than that of end plate connection. However, the total energy absorptions of these connection types are approximately equal.     

钢柱脚锚栓连接受剪性能试验研究

对锚栓连接受剪性能进行试验研究,制作了5组共15个试件,考虑了锚栓的直径、柱底板厚度和底板锚栓孔径与锚栓直径之差的影响。锚栓连接受剪试验的荷载 位移曲线呈现2个转折点,可近似分为3个阶段：弹性阶段、滑移阶段和强化阶段,以锚栓基本形成塑性铰与锚栓孔壁和锚栓顶紧两个状态作为分界点。试验结果表明,柱底板厚度越大,锚栓连接受剪承载力设计值和界面抗滑移刚度越小;锚栓孔径和锚栓直径之差对滑移阶段的长度有显著的影响,对承载力影响较小。以试验荷载 位移曲线的第一转折点对应的荷载作为锚栓连接的受剪承载力设计值,提出了计算式,同时提出锚栓连接极限承载力的计算公式。     

带齿夹板钢木连接节点受力机理

为解决胶合木网壳螺栓连接节点初始刚度低、木梁螺栓孔易发生劈裂的问题,提出一种带齿夹板钢木连接节点。通过试验研究了带齿夹板节点(JD-2)在单调荷载作用下的力学性能和破坏模式,并与同尺寸下不含钢齿的普通夹板节点(JD-1)进行对比分析。为深入研究带齿夹板节点的受力机理,对带齿夹板节点进行有限元模拟。结果表明:JD-1的破坏模式为木梁沿螺栓孔水平连线方向的横纹劈裂破坏,JD-2的破坏模式为夹板屈服破坏; 与JD-1相比,JD-2的初始刚度提高了47.18%,极限承载力提高了31.4%,延性系数提高了19.83%; 钢齿与木梁之间的机械咬合作用可以有效减少木梁螺栓孔初始间隙对节点刚度的不利影响; 在弯矩与剪力联合作用下,荷载通过钢齿及螺栓共同传递给木梁,减少了木梁螺栓孔的应力,因此延缓了木梁螺栓孔的开裂; 随着夹板翼缘厚度的增加,节点的受弯性能呈现增大的趋势; 增加夹板布齿率,木梁螺栓孔受到螺栓挤压应力减小,钢齿阻止夹板与木梁之间的相对滑动能力增强,建议夹板布齿率取0.46%～0.65%。