聚合物淬火剂CH-202M的冷却特性研究

本文阐述了聚合物淬火剂 CH-202M 的基本特性和主要物理指标。作者在研究该淬火剂冷却机理之后指出,金属冷却时于金属表面形成一层聚合物隔离膜。45和40Cr 钢在不同浓度介质中淬火,可得到比水淬、油淬更大的淬透深度和更小的淬火变形,而且可以防止淬火开裂。研究结果表明,聚合物淬火剂 CH-202M 有许多优点,用于钢铁零件淬火特别有效。     

几种聚合物淬火剂冷却机制的研究

本文应用计算机绘制冷却曲线和冷却过程的拍照,研究了四种国产聚合物淬火剂的冷却机制。根据研究结果,将四种聚合物淬火剂分为汽膜控制冷速和聚合物膜控制冷速两种类型,并论述了这两类淬火剂在冷却机制上的差别。     

淬火工艺对中碳高硼铁合金显微组织和力学性能的影响

设计一种新型中碳高硼铁合金,研究了淬火工艺对其淬火前后的显微组织和性能的影响。结果表明:中碳高硼铁合金铸态组织由珠光体、硼碳化合物以及马氏体组成,硼碳化合物以M₂₃（B,C）₆为主,并含有少量M（B,C）,M₃（B,C）和M₂（B,C）,体积分数为31.3%。在950℃、1000℃、1050℃和11 00℃淬火,其基体组织转变成马氏体,并含有少量残余奥氏体,体积分数分别为3.5%、4.0%、4.6%和5.4%。在950-1100℃淬火,硼碳化合物的类型不变,局部溶解,出现断网现象,在不同温度淬火后硼碳化合物的体积分数分别为30 6%、29.1%、27.3%和26.4%;随着淬火温度的提高,基体中合金元素的固溶量增加,硼碳化合物逐渐减少,从而减轻了对基体的割裂作用。淬火后,中碳高硼铁合金的硬度和冲击韧性显著提高,在950—1100℃淬火后,冲击韧性提高,硬度呈现先增加后减小的趋势。     

等温淬火对纳米贝氏体钢的组织和力学性能的影响

依据Thermo-Calc计算设计了一种成分为Fe-0.8C-2Mn-1.5Si-1.5Cr-0.25Mo-0.25Ni-1Al-0.25Co-0.1V可用于制造钢丝的纳米贝氏体钢,使用热膨胀相变仪、扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电镜(TEM)和拉伸实验等手段研究了等温淬火温度和时间对其组织和力学性能影响。结果表明：这种纳米贝氏体钢低温等温淬火后的组织,由纳米结构的贝氏体铁素体板条、残余奥氏体和少量的马氏体组成。随着等温淬火温度的提高相变速率随之提高,贝氏体铁素体的体积分数增大。随着等温淬火时间的延长,贝氏体铁素体的体积分数增大而过冷奥氏体的量减少,在室温下生成的块状M/A岛的尺寸减小和体积分数降低,碳的配分使过冷奥氏体的稳定性提高,M/A岛中的脆性马氏体比例大幅度降低,拉伸断口由混合型断裂向准解理断裂转变。将这种钢在230℃保温48 h后强塑性匹配最佳,其抗拉强度和屈服强度分别达到1625和1505 MPa,延伸率达到34.5%。     

合成淬火剂PVA在钢制飞机刹车零件热处理中的应用

研究了不同浓度的聚乙烯醇（ＰＶＡ）淬火介质对３０ＣｒＳｉＭｏＶＡ钢制刹车零件的性能的影响。结果表明，选用０．３％￣０．５％浓度的ＰＶＡ淬火剂能满足刹车零件的技术要求。     

淬火速率对汽车用高强铝合金性能的影响

采用力学性能测试、电导率测试和透射电子显微镜研究了淬火速率对汽车用高强铝合金性能的影响。结果表明：淬火速率从960℃/s降低到1.8℃/s,电导率提高了5.7% IACS,硬度的下降率为40%,抗拉强度和屈服强度的下降率分别为24.2%和56.9%,硬度和强度与淬火速率的对数呈线性关系。随着淬火速率的降低,淬火析出相的尺寸和面积分数显著增大,导致性能下降。淬火速率为1.8℃/s时,淬火析出相的平均尺寸为465.6 nm×158.2 nm,析出相的面积分数为42.1%。     

钢零件淬火小经验

钢零件淬火小经验钢零件热处理淬火时，常会产生表面开裂或内部裂纹，尤其对于结构上含有应力集中部位的那些工具钢零件。实际上，零件中淬火裂纹的产生主要是淬火温度过高，导致零件横截面突变区、形状或尺寸改变的部位及尖角处的应力集中效应加剧所致。许多文献都介绍过...     

淬火介质对 ZL114 A 铝合金性能、变形和组织的影响

绘制了水溶性聚合物PAG、聚乙烯醇和水等3种介质的淬火冷却曲线,对介质温度和浓度对介质淬火冷却能力的影响进行了分析,研究了不同浓度和温度的PAG对ZL114A铝合金组织、性能与变形的影响.结果表明,PAG相比水和聚乙烯醇具有更好的淬火效果;介质温度和浓度越低,PAG的冷却速度越高;采用PAG作为ZL114A铝合金的淬火介质,为使淬火工件获得较好的组织与力学性能,变形量较小,应控制PAG的使用温度大约为40℃,质量分数大约为15％.     

45钢制零件淬火开裂分析

某45钢零件按常规热处理工艺进行淬火时，多次发生淬裂现象。随炉试样力学性能测试结果表明，屈服强度较高，伸长率偏低，无法满足该零件技术要求。从原材料着手，通过金相组织、晶粒度和夹杂物分析，对零件在热处理时淬火开裂的原因和热处理后力学性能异常进行了探讨，认为该零件原材料存在过热造成的组织缺陷和脆性夹杂物超标是导致材料热处理后失效的主要原因。     

45钢齿轮轴零件淬火开裂原因分析

针对某公司生产的45钢齿轮轴零件加工批量开裂现象,采用光学显微镜、扫描电镜和ICP光谱仪等对开裂试样进行观察和分析。结果表明:该45钢齿轮轴零件加工开裂的主要原因是由于淬火加热温度较高造成过热以及冷却时间过长造成冷却速率太快,使得工件热应力和组织应力增大超过其抗拉强度,齿轮轴台部薄弱处发生淬火开裂。同时,45钢齿轮零件的台部厚度正好处在淬火易裂范围5~14mm,这也是导致其淬火开裂因素之一。     

Application of polymeric quenchant in heat treatment of crack-sensitive steel mechanical parts: Modeling and experiments

Success or failure of a quenching process is determined by selecting an appropriate quenchant. In this work, the quenching process of the automobile tie rods in different media including water, oil, and a polymeric solution was investigated. The microstructures and mechanical properties of the rods were predicted by a finite element simulation model. Several specimens were cut from the tie rods and heat treated by quenching in five different quenching media including water, oil, and PAG aqueous solutions with polymer concentrations of 10, 20, and 30%. The hardness tests and metallographic analyses were performed on the specimens. Considering the results of the simulations and the experiments, the optimum quenchant was selected and the tie rods were heat treated using this quenchant. The results showed that the use of Poly Alkylene Glycol (PAG) solution quenchants, with respect to its unique cooling mechanism, outperformed water and oil quenchants. The distortion and cracking was reduced compared to water quenching and, on the other hand, the mechanical properties which were not achievable by oil quenching were resulted using polymer-based quenching medium.     

铸锻复合成形AZ91D摩托车发动机壳体热处理工艺研究

采用不同固溶和时效热处理工艺对液态铸锻双控成形AZ91D摩托车发动机壳体进行了热处理实验。结果表明:样品经过T4(415℃×9h,60℃水淬)处理后,合金的抗拉强度和延伸率最大,其值分别为239.7MPa,1.58%,较未热处理提高幅度分别为41.6%,79.9%。经T6(415℃×9h,60℃水淬+205℃×16h,空冷)处理后,样品显微组织中的第二相得到均化,在一定程度上强化了合金。未处理态、T4、T6状态下的拉伸试样断口形貌中均存在较多的韧窝,表明铸锻双控成形制件的塑性较好。T6(415℃×9h,60℃水淬)热处理后的拉伸试样断口形貌中韧窝最多,塑性最好。     

某产品零件成品热处理表面质量研究与应用

目的研究某产品在热处理后,表面存在的附着物对后续磷化膜质量的影响。方法将原热处理工艺中采用的三碱清洗剂更换为除油效果更好的MT-29清洗剂,用碱水清洗后,将一次热水洗改为连续两次热水洗,确保零件表面无异物。结果工艺改进前,磷化后的零件80%以上存在起皮现象,需要反复打磨,工艺改进之后,一次磷化通过率达到了100%,电泳涂漆质量满足产品要求。结论对成品热处理零件,三碱清洗剂对淬火油的清洗效果不佳,应采用专用的除油清洗剂;热水洗对成品热处理零件表面质量有一定的影响。     

Controlling of Distortion by means of Quenching in adapted Jet Fields

Controlled temporal and/or spatial inhomogeneous (adapted) quenching within the heat treatment process creates the possibility of influencing the distortion of a workpiece. Suitable heat transfer conditions at the workpiece surfaces within the quenching process are realized by impressing and regulating of adjusted flexible flow fields on the basis of jet arrays inside liquid or gaseous media. For analysis of workpiece distortion in heat treatment, the locally asymmetric quenching process is analysed and modelwise described in the framework of the Collaborative Research Centre (SFB570) “Distortion Engineering” at the University of Bremen. Here the potential of measures for avoidance as well as reduction of distortion within the heat treatment process is appraised on the basis of simulation models. These model calculations are verified by experimental examinations on the asymmetric quenching of simple shaped parts like rings of SAE 52100 (100Cr6) and cylinders of AISI 5120 (20MnCr5) in the framework of flexible quenching conditions.     

Effects of post-weld heat treatment cycles on microstructure and mechanical properties of electric resistance welded pipe welds

Two post-weld heat treatment cycles of one-step normalizing and two-step quenching and tempering have been performed by Gleeble, a thermo-mechanical simulator, to improve the toughness of fine-grained electric resistance welded pipe welds. Comparison was made to API X65 grade steel, which is widely used for pipeline parts. Microstructural evolution was investigated by optical microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Vickers hardness and Charpy V-notch impact toughness tests were used to evaluate the mechanical properties. While the mechanical properties of one-step normalizing heat treatment satisfied the API specification, the two-step quenching and tempering heat treatments were conditional upon tempering temperature for X65 grade and fine-grained steels. As a result, a one-step normalizing heat treatment was more effective for both steel pipes.     

制备工艺对（LaCe）1.0（NiCoMnAl）5.2高功率贮氢合金微观结构及电化学性能的影响

对铸态(LaCe)1.0(NiCoMnAl)5.2高功率合金采用热处理、快淬、快淬+热处理的工艺进行处理。合金通过XRD、SEM、EDS等分析发现无论是铸态还是快淬态合金通过热处理后其相组成和成分组成都变得更加均匀。电化学测试结果表明,不同制备工艺对合金的活化性能无明显影响。铸态合金表现出良好的高倍率性能,其1、3、5和10C HRD分别达到95%、76%、72%和35%。热处理后的铸态合金的循环性能提高,但合金的高倍率性能降低。快淬使合金的各项性能均降低,快淬态合金通过热处理后循环性能显著提高,50次容量保持率达到96.7%,其高倍率性能和铸态合金相当。     

7A04铝合金构件深冷处理过程瞬态温度场的数值模拟

建立了7A04铝合金构件深冷处理过程瞬态温度场的有限元模型,对7A04铝合金材料在低温状态下的若干物性参数进行了实验研究,并运用温度场反算法分别得到了铝合金试件与低温（热）介质之间的传热系数。运用ABAQUS6．5有限元软件,对7A04铝合金构件瞬态温度场的数值结果表明,在淬火、深冷与上坡淬火过程中,构件上端部位存在很陡峭的温度梯度。     

Effect of Poly-Alkylene-Glycol Quenchant on the Distortion,Hardness, and Microstructure of 65Mn Steel

Currently, the 65Mn steel is quenched mainly by oil media. Even though the lower cooling rate of oil compared to water reduces the hardness of steel post quenching, the deforming and cracking of parts are often minimized. On the other hand, the oil media also has the disadvantage of being flammable, creating smoke that adversely affects the media. The poly alkylene glycol (PAG) polymer quenchant is commonly used for quenching a variety of steels based on its advantages such as non-flammability and flexible cooling rate subjected to varying concentration and stirring speed. This article examines the effect of PAG polymer quenching solution (with concentrations of 10% and 20%) on deformation, hardness, and microstructure of C-ring samples made of 65Mn steel. Furthermore, the performance of PAG polymer quenchant is also compared with those of two common quenching solutions: Water and oil. When cooling in water, the C-ring samples had the largest deformation and 2 times higher than the results obtained when a 10% PAG solution was used. In particular, similar levels of deformation on the C-ring samples were observed in both cases of 20% PAG solution and oil as the primary quenching media. Furthermore, the hardness level measured between the sampled parts quenched in the 20% PAG solution appeared to be more uniform than that obtained from the oil-quenched sample. The study of the microscopic structure of steel by optical microscopy combined with X-ray diffraction showed that the water hardened sample exhibited cracks and comprised of two phases, martensite and retained austenite. According to the results of Electron Back Scattering Diffraction (EBSD) analysis and backscattering electronic image (BSE), the content of austenite residue in the sample when the sample was cooled in PAG 10 and 20% solution was 3.21% and 4.73%, respectively and smaller than the measurements obtained from oil quenching solution. Thus, the 65Mn steel is cooled in 20% PAG solution for high hardness and more evenly distributed than when it is quenched in oil while still ensuring a small level of deformation. Therefore, the PAG 20% solution can completely replace oil as the main media used to quench the 65Mn steel.     

Distortion Behaviour and Mechanical Properties of AlCu4Mg1 Sheet Components after High‐Pressure Gas Quenching in Comparison to Liquid Quenching

The quenching process after solution annealing of age hardenable aluminium alloys is necessary for an improvement of the mechanical properties, but also tends to result in distortion, especially in thin or complex shaped parts, and requires a costly reworking. High‐pressure gas quenching can reduce distortion compared to liquid quenching, because of the better temperature uniformity during quenching. A determination of the distortion behaviour of different serial parts of the aluminium wrought alloy 2024cl (AlCu4Mg1,clad) points out, that high‐pressure gas quenching offers predominantly excellent values regarding the dimensional accuracy after quenching compared to liquid quenchants. In comparison to the conventional heat treatment, similar values in strength, hardness and electrical conductivity have been determined after gas quenching and aging of different aluminium alloys (2024, 6013, and 7075), Furthermore, the residual stresses have been investigated and could be clearly reduced after gas quenching.     

热处理工艺路径对9Ni低温钢组织和性能的影响

对9Ni低温钢进行淬火＋回火（QT）、淬火＋淬火＋回火（QQT）不同工艺路径的热处理试验,分析了不同热处理工艺路径下9Ni低温钢组织和性能的影响。结果表明：不同的热处理工艺路径直接影响9Ni低温铜最终的性能。相较于淬火＋回火（QT）工艺路径,采用含有两相区淬火的QQT工艺能明显提高9Ni低温铜的低温韧性,但降低强度。在淬火＋回火（QT）工艺路径下,随着回火温度的升高,9Ni钢回火析出组织更加充分均匀,其低温韧性呈上升趋势。在淬火＋淬火＋回火（QQT）工艺路径下,9Ni钢的低温韧性随两相区淬火温度的升高呈下降趋势。