三维激光扫描技术在立式罐容量计量中的应用综述

三维激光扫描技术作为一项新的数据获取手段,可以快速、准确、高效的获取测量目标的三维数据影像,其在立式罐容量计量的应用可改善传统方法测量时间长、工作强度大、检定成本高且计量精度不高等问题。通过对国内外资料的分析总结了三维激光扫描技术的技术原理、立式油罐容量计量模型和三维激光扫描技术在容量计量中的应用等几个方面的现状,并对其发展方向做出展望。     

加油站成品油地罐容量交接的标准计量与可行性计量方法

本文通过对加油站成品油地罐交接的标准计量与可行性计量方法、检测经验进行研究、分析,希望能在一定程度上形成共识、减少争议,有效解决成品油从油库经汽车运输公司再到加油站地罐计量等各个环节中温度对成品油计量的影响、计量管理、计量准确、公正等问题,同时,成品油地罐交接的标准计量既是行业的内部管理也是对外交接的重要依据和数据支撑,也是新形势下对能源的环保节能要求,只有规范了行业标准,才能做到行业的量值统一,从而实现社会公平、计量公正的目的。由于成品油对温度的影响变化很大,所以,要做好成品油地罐交接的计量工作就必须做到安全计量、恒温检测、分段标准计量、数据公正等这几点基本要求。     

立式罐计量标准实验室内能力验证

能力验证是为了保证实验室在特定的检测、测量或校准领域的能力而设计和运作的实验室间比对。根据JJF 1033-2008计量标准考核规范的要求,常规的比对由参加的实验室根据自己的需求开展特定项目的比对是合适的,容量检定实验室在计量标准的建立上一般情况下都需要建立完善的计量标准,以适应对不同类型容器的检定。在立式罐计量检定中,主要采用光学参比线法和全站仪法,这就为在同一实验室也可以更好地开展比对试验,为进行立式罐计量标准的能力验证,提供了可靠的技术保障手段。这种在同一实验室内,在同一计量标准下,由不同的测量人员、采用不同测量方法,对测量同一传递立罐的结果进行比对的能力验证方法,对于立罐计量标准的技术管理有着实际意义和效果。     

PVC类废塑料在冷态流化床中流化行为的研究

在Φ50 mm×800 mm圆柱体的冷态流化床反应器中,对PVC类废塑料、石英砂及其混合物的流化特性进行了研究。研究了PVC颗粒粒径与混合物料中PVC质量分数对混合物料的流化特性的影响规律,得到指导热态实验的关键参数。实验结果表明,PVC颗粒粒径与混合物料中PVC质量分数会影响混合物料的最小流化速度,也影响PVC颗粒与石英砂混合的均匀度。混合物料中PVC的质量分数越小,其最小流化速度就越小,混合物料也越容易实现充分混合;PVC颗粒为Geldart B类颗粒,但由于形状不规则,黏性力大,塌落特性明显,流化性能较差,显示出C类颗粒的流化特性,同时实际的最小流化速度要大于理论最小流化速度。PVC与石英砂混合物料冷态流化行为的研究结果为热态流化床降解PVC颗粒提供了基础数据和实践依据。     

双仓密闭计量罐在xxx井的应用

为了提高单井作业时效,解决夜间测试不能连续开井的难题,根据现场地层测试工艺的需要,设计了一种新型测试双仓密闭汁量罐。该罐于2011年已交付使用,获得较显著的经济效益,已成为油田生产和原油计量中的重要设备之一。这种新型双仓密闭计量罐是一种多功能容器罐,它可以进行原油计量、储存、加温、加热等多项作业。而计量罐的液位控制是确保安全生产和提供准确原油产量的重要参数,为大庆的储备油田提供了最准确的数据。     

辐射废锅内气固两相流场的冷态测试与数值模拟

采用冷态实验测量和数值模拟相结合的方法,对辐射废锅内的冷态气固两相流场进行了研究。搭建了辐射废锅冷模装置,利用恒温热线风速仪和皮托管对辐射废锅内的气相冷态流场进行测量。利用马尔文激光粒度分析仪对辐射废锅出口、底部渣池以及附壁颗粒的粒径进行了采样分析。运用Realizable k-ε湍流模型和随机轨道模型分别对气相流场和颗粒运动轨迹进行了数值模拟。研究发现:Realizable k-ε湍流模型计算得到的气相流场结果与实验值吻合较好,辐射废锅内筒顶部存在一入口射流,射流沿流向逐渐衰减,气相流场在内筒底部趋于稳定;大部分颗粒直接被辐射废锅渣池捕集,少量细小颗粒被气流携带进入辐射废锅环隙或从出口逃逸;颗粒粒径越大、密度越高,颗粒的跟随性越差,出口颗粒的停留时间越长。     

液位报警器在密闭计量罐上的应用

计量罐是油田生产和原油计量中的重要设备,它既能实现油水的初步分离,又能对原油进行计量。而计量罐的液位控制是确保安全生产和提供准确原油产量的重要参数。为了使计量罐安全准确的运行,液位控制是计量系统必不可少的重要环节,而人工操作会使操作人员的工作量加大,效率降低,对此,实现系统的液位自动控制是非常有必要的。液位的自动控制是通过UQK-01-dⅡCT4型液位报警器来控制液位的高低,从而实现了高液位报警指示、低液位报警指示和低液位连锁停泵功能,进而达到控制液位的目的。     

下行床弧面气固快速分离器内颗粒运动

采用二维相位多普勒颗粒分析仪(PDPA)对下行床弧面气固快速分离器内颗粒相的流动进行了定量测量，得到了分离器内颗粒运动向量图、体积通量分布和粒径分布. 颗粒通过气固惯性的差别、弧面、挡板的碰撞导向和浓缩作用实现气固分离. 弧面附近颗粒体积通量有较宽的分布，但主要集中在靠近弧面处，对分离有利. 在横向气相曳力和湍流扩散的作用下，在弧面附近小颗粒向外围扩散，粒度分布逐渐形成双峰特征. 减小喷嘴宽度，可以减弱颗粒向外围扩散的程度，提高分离效率.     

快速流化床中颗粒浓度及颗粒速度的径向分布

本文在φ140mm的气固并流下行快速流化床中,研究了颗粒浓度及颗粒速度的径向分布随操作气速、颗粒循环速率以及床层轴向位置的变化规律。并探讨了颗粒质量通量的径向分布及颗粒流动的均匀性,表明在相同操作条件下,下行快速流化床中气固流动远比上行快速流化床均匀。     

基于S7-1200的计量控制系统的实现

笔者设计的计量控制系统以称重传感器作为测量元件,用数字信号形式将称重数量传输给控制器.液体原料从原料罐压入高位槽中,罐区设置两个原料罐、一个应急罐,反应区设置4个高位槽交替使用.在两个区域各设置一个控制器,互相通信以节省布线.采用两个S7-1200组成以太网,方便地实现了系统扩展.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料，介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比，介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序，对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

Inorganic/organic nanocomposite coatings: The next step in coating performance

Inorganic/organic hybrid materials have considerable promise and are beginning to become a major area of research for many coating usages, including abrasion and corrosion resistance. Our primary approach is to prepare the inorganic phase in situ within the film formation process of the organic phase. The inorganic phase is introduced via sol-gel chemistry into a thermosetting organic phase. By this method, the size, periodicity, spatial positioning, and density of the inorganic phase can be controlled. An important aspect of the inorganic/organic hybrid materials is the coupling agent. The initial task of the coupling agent is to provide uniform mixing of the oligomeric organic phase with the sol-gel precursors, which are otherwise immiscible. UV-curable inorganic/organic hybrid systems have the advantages of a rapid cure and the ability to be used on heat sensitive substrates such as molded plastics. Also, it is possible to have better control of the growth of the inorganic phase using UV curing. It is our ultimate goal to completely separate the curing of inorganic and organic phases to gain complete control over the morphology, and hence optimization of “all” the coating properties. Thus far, it has been found that concomitant UV curing of the inorganic and organic phases using titanium sol-gel precursors afforded nanocomposite coatings which completely block the substrate from UV light while maintaining a transparent to visible light. Also, it has been found that the morphology of the inorganic phase is highly dependent on the concentration and reactivity of the coupling agent. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004, in Chicago, IL.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Some Large Wood-Boring Beetles in Southeastern USA

Ethanol and α-pinene were tested as attractants for large wood-boring pine beetles in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina in 2002–2004. Multiple-funnel traps baited with (−)-α-pinene (released at about 2 g/d at 25–28°C) were attractive to the following Cerambycidae: Acanthocinus nodosus, A. obsoletus, Arhopalus rusticus nubilus, Asemum striatum, Monochamus titillator, Prionus pocularis, Xylotrechus integer, and X. sagittatus sagittatus. Buprestis lineata (Buprestidae), Alaus myops (Elateridae), and Hylobius pales and Pachylobius picivorus (Curculionidae) were also attracted to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene. In many locations, ethanol synergized attraction of the cerambycids Acanthocinus nodosus, A. obsoletus, Arhopalus r. nubilus, Monochamus titillator, and Xylotrechus s. sagittatus (but not Asemum striatum, Prionus pocularis, or Xylotrechus integer) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene. Similarly, attraction of Alaus myops, Hylobius pales, and Pachylobius picivorus (but not Buprestis lineata) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene was synergized by ethanol. These results provide support for the use of traps baited with ethanol and (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common large wood-boring beetles from the southeastern region of the USA at ports-of-entry in other countries, as well as forested areas in the USA.