氯气浸出在金川一次合金与铜渣联合浸出中的应用

一次合金与镍电解液净化铜渣联合氯气浸出、采用一次合金全浸，铜渣常压与热压两段浸出工艺，产出低铜的富镍浸出液，镍低铜高的浸出终渣及贵金属品位较高的合金渣，实现了镍、铜及贵金属的合理分流，达到简化工艺，提高金属回收率的目的。     

氯化物介质矿浆电解法浸出硫化铜精矿

研究了在ＦｅＣｌ３ＨＣｌＮａＣｌ体系中直接电解浸出硫化铜精矿矿浆制取铜粉的工艺条件及机理。试验表明，在阳极初始溶液含Ｆｅ３＋６０ｇ／Ｌ、ＨＣｌ３０ｇ／Ｌ、ＮａＣｌ１５０ｇ／Ｌ，阴阳极电流密度分别为３５０和６００Ａ／ｍ２，１００℃的条件下浸出５ｈ，可获得铜浸出率９８．８％、渣含铜０．３４％、铜粉纯度９７．５％的结果；Ｆｅ３＋浓度是影响铜浸出率最显著的因素，阳极上发生的主要反应是Ｆｅ２＋的氧化；元素硫产生的机理是酸直接分解黄铜矿生成Ｈ２Ｓ，Ｈ２Ｓ溶解后再被Ｆｅ３＋氧化。     

铜渣焙烧-浸出-电积半湿法工艺中杂质控制的生产实践

针对铜渣培烧-浸出-电积生产工艺中的杂质控制，比较详尽地介绍了该工艺流程中杂质的控制方法，并针对存在的问题提出了改进的建议，提出的杂质控制值得同类企业借鉴。     

锌粉置换镓锗渣硫酸浸出过程

考察锌粉置换镓锗渣硫酸浸出中,硫酸浓度、温度、液固比、浸出时间和添加剂对Ga、Ge浸出率及浸出渣过滤性能的影响,揭示添加硝酸钠和十二烷基磺酸钠促进浸出过程的作用机理。结果表明:浸出液中添加适量硝酸钠或十二烷基磺酸钠,均可促进Ga、Ge浸出;此外,十二烷基磺酸钠还可改善浸出渣的过滤性能。添加剂的作用机理为硝酸根能使Ga、Ge单质及其硫化物氧化,从而促进Ga、Ge浸出;十二烷基磺酸钠则通过促进溶液中硅胶的絮凝,减少其对Ga、Ge的吸附,同时,使浸出渣的过滤性能得以改善。在温度为90℃、液固比为10 m L/g、搅拌速度为300 r/min、浸出时间为4 h、硫酸浓度为156 g/L、硝酸钠浓度为52.29 g/L、十二烷基磺酸钠浓度为20.5 g/L的条件下,Ga和Ge的浸出率可分别达到97.01%和90.45%,浸出料浆过滤速度由未添加十二烷基磺酸钠时的0.48 m L/min提高到30.65 m L/min。     

用硫酸盐化焙烧法从含镍冰铜渣中回收镍

采用硫酸盐化焙烧的方法,有效地回收某含镍冰铜渣中的镍。以硫酸作为硫酸盐化剂,进行了焙烧硫酸用量,焙烧温度,焙烧时间等试验,镍回收率可达９２．７６％,铜回收率６５．１２％〈渣含镍降为１．３２％,入炉炼铜的量仅为原来的１／３。     

锂辉石——硫酸法生产碳酸锂工艺过程中酸熟料浸出中和机理探讨

探讨锂辉石在硫酸法浸出中和过程中诸多影响因素,针对浸出渣在不同条件下氧化锂的变化,运用多相反应动力学原理及电化学动力学原理,说明酸熟料在浸出中和过程中存在可逆反应。     

铜渣碳热还原过程中二氧化硅固溶体的形成机理

铜渣是铜火法冶炼过程中产生的主要固体废弃物,碳热还原可实现其主要物相铁橄榄石的分解,有利于后续铁的富集.本文利用XRD、SEM和EDS对铜渣碳热还原过程中的反应行为进行研究,借助碱浸实验考察了焙烧产物中二氧化硅(SiO2)固溶体的溶解性,并通过XPS及TEM分析结果探讨SiO2固溶体的形成机理.结果表明:铜渣中的主要物...     

Cu和Al对铁素体不锈钢在氯化物介质中腐蚀行为的影响

通过测定合金在不同ｐＨ值的含１ｍｏｌ／Ｌ Ｃｌ＾－的水溶液中的阳极极化曲线，绘制了四种铁素体不锈钢的实验电位－ｐＨ图，从而研究了Ｃｕ及Ａｌ元素对不锈钢耐蚀性能的影响。在１８Ｃｒ－２Ｍｏ铁素体不锈钢中添加０．５５％的Ｃｕ使点蚀击穿电位Ｅｂ正移，对局部腐蚀的萌生起阻滞作用。     

电场作用下铜渣中金属铜滴迁移行为的研究

研究了电场作用下铜渣中铜滴的电毛细活动迁移行为。实验结果表明:正极区几乎没有金属铜滴的存在,大量金属铜向阴极区富集迁移,最高富集率达到80%以上。方差分析显示:在富集率的影响因素中,渣料中铜含量的影响最为显著(置信概率为0.95),其次为外加电压和通电时间(置信概率为0.75),而温度影响的显著性最低。并通过模式识别找出了样本聚类的分布规律和提高富集率的优化方向,还进行了相应的实验验证。     

氧化锌贫矿提锌渣中铅和银的氯盐一步浸出

运用X射线衍射、扫描电镜和X射线能谱等分析手段,对山东某地深度氧化锌贫矿提锌后渣进行工艺矿物学特征分析可知,矿物中金属赋存状态复杂,属难选矿物。开发出氯盐一步法浸出铅和银的新工艺,考察反应温度、NaCl浓度、添加剂用量、液固比、HCl加入量和浸出时间对浸出过程的影响。结果表明:加入添加剂对铅的浸出率没有影响,但可以显著提高银的浸出率。条件试验研究得出最佳工艺条件如下:浸出温度90℃、NaCl浓度390 g/L、添加剂用量15 mL、液固比(质量比)7?1、HCl加入量3 mL、浸出时间3 h。在此最佳工艺条件下,铅的浸出率达到95%左右,银的浸出率达到90%左右。     

Leaching of vanadium from stone coal with sulfuric acid

The effects of roasting, mass ratio of H2SO4 to stone coal, leaching temperature, liquid-to-solid ratio, grinding fineness of stone coal, and two-stage counter-current leaching on the vanadium leaching ratio were studied. The results show that the vanadium leaching ratio of roasted stone coal through two-stage counter-current leaching can reach 65.1% at the mass ratio of H2SO4 to stone coal of 20%, leaching temperature for the production of vanadium from stone coal.     

钒钛磁铁矿提钒尾渣浸取钒

采用硫酸氢氟酸次氯酸钠组合浸出体系浸取钒钛磁铁矿提钒尾渣中的钒,研究浸出过程中试剂浓度、浸出液固比、浸出温度、浸出时间、物料粒度对钒浸出率的影响。结果表明:钒的浸出率随试剂浓度、液固比、温度和时间的升高而增大;当矿物粒度小于0.20 mm时,钒浸出率有随矿物粒度变小而减小的趋势。在物料粒度0.15~0.25 mm、初始硫酸浓度150 g/L、初始氢氟酸浓度30 g/L、次氯酸钠加入量为矿量1.5%、矿浆液固比6:1、浸出温度90℃、浸出时间6 h、搅拌速度500 r/min的条件下,钒的浸出率可达85%以上。     

Dissolution kinetics of low grade complex copper ore in ammonia-ammonium chloride solution

The leaching kinetics of Tang-dan refractory low grade complex copper ore was investigated in ammonia-ammonium chloride solution. The concentration of ammonia and ammonium chloride, the ore particle size, the solid-to-liquid ratio and the temperature were chosen as parameters in the experiments. The results show that temperature, concentration of ammonia and ammonium chloride have favorable influence on the leaching rate of copper oxide ores. But, leaching rate decreases with increasing particle size and solid-to-liquid ratio. The leaching process is controlled by the diffusion of the lixiviant and the activation energy is determined to be 23.279 kJ/mol. An equation was also proposed to describe the leaching kinetics.     

Leaching of blended copper slag in microwave oven

Leaching of blended slag (BS) was investigated in a microwave oven using hydrogen peroxide and acetic acid. The BS was a mixture of converter and flash furnace slag containing 51% Fe₂O₃, 3.8% CuO, and 3.2% ZnO. The important variables that influence the metal extraction yield were leaching time, liquid-solid ratio, H₂O₂ and CH₃COOH concentrations. The preferred leaching conditions were as follows: CH₃COOH concentration 4 mol/L; H₂O₂ concentration 4 mol/L; microwave power 900 W; leaching time 30 min; liquid-solid ratio 25 mL/g BS; leaching temperature 100 °C. Under these conditions, the metal extractions of 95% Cu, 1.6% Fe, and 30% Zn were obtained. The results were compared with the traditional leaching results. It is evident that microwave heating causes a reduction in the leaching time. Also, the extraction yield results indicate that selective leaching of BS can be achieved under the preferred conditions. The dissolution kinetic of BS in hydrogen peroxide with acetic acid is controlled by a shrinking unreacted core model equation. The apparent activation energy and reaction order were found to be 16.64 kJ/mol and 1.09, respectively.     

Effect of ammonium chloride on leaching behavior of alkaline anion and sodium ion in bauxite residue

This study focused on leaching behavior of alkaline anion and sodium in bauxite residue through ammonium chloride treatment. The results showed that the pH of bauxite residue decreased from 10.49 to 8.93, total alkaline anion ( ${\text{HCO}}_3^{?},{\text{CO}}_3^{2?}$, OH^?, $\text{A}1{\text{O}}_2^{?}$) concentration reduced from 38.89 to 25.50 mmol/L, leaching rate of soluble sodium was 80.86% with ammonium chloride addition of 0.75%, liquid/solid (L/S) ratio of 3 (mL/g), temperature of 30 °C and reaction time of 18 h; L/S ratio was the main factor affecting the removal of alkaline anion and the leaching of sodium. Furthermore, ammonium chloride promoted the dissolution of diaspore and changed the micro/morphological characteristics with the increase of massive structure. The findings of this work will contribute to achieve soil-formation of bauxite residue.     

Leaching kinetics of selenium from copper anode slimes by nitric acid-sulfuric acid mixture

The leaching kinetics of selenium from copper anode slimes was studied in a nitric acid-sulfuric acid mixture. The effects of main parameters on selenium leaching showed that the leaching rate of selenium was practically independent of stirring speed, while dependent on temperature and the concentrations of HNO₃ and H₂SO₄. The leaching of selenium includes two stages. The activation energy in the first stage is 103.5 kJ/mol, and the chemical reaction is the rate controlling step. It was almost independent of H₂SO₄ concentration and dependent on HNO₃ concentration since the empirical reaction order with respect to HNO₃ concentration is 0.5613. In the second stage, the activation energy is 30.6 kJ/mol, and the process is controlled by a mixture of diffusion and chemical reaction. The leaching of selenium was almost independent of HNO₃ concentration.     

Leaching platinum-group metals in a sulfuric acid/chloride solution

A leaching process was established based on the ability of platinum-group metals to form stable chloro-complexes in acidic chloride solutions. Industrial catalyst losses were examined for the recovery of platinum, palladium, and rhodium by leaching with a mixture of sulfuric acid and sodium chloride to avoid using aqua regia or autoclave conditions. Extraction of platinum and rhodium in 60% H₂SO₄ at 135°C steadily increased with increasing NaCl concentrations reaching 95% and 85%, respectively, at 0.1 M NaCl after two hours. By comparison, palladium was dissolved more quickly but also reached 85% under the same conditions. Extraction of each metal increased with temperatures up to 125°C but plateaued at higher temperatures. Similar behavior was observed with increasing H₂SO₄ concentrations up to 60%. More than 99% extraction of each metal was obtained after ten hours using 0.1 M NaCl and 60% H₂SO₄ at 125°C. For more information contact Mohamed Hesham Hassan Mahmoud in the Extractive Metallurgy Department, Central Metallurgical R&D Institute, P.O. Box 87, Helwan, Cairo, Egypt; (202)5010642, Ext. 213; Fax (202)5010639; e-mail mheshamm@hotmail.com     

Leaching optimization and dissolution behavior of alkaline anions in bauxite residue

Bauxite residue is a highly alkaline waste containing soluble alkaline anions, which can cause environmental concerns. The optimal leaching conditions, distribution of alkaline anions, types of pivotal alkaline anions and their dissolution behaviors were investigated based on the combination of single factors-orthogonal experiments and leaching stage experiment. Using a two-stage leaching, 86% of the soluble alkaline anions $\left({\text{CO}}_3^{2?},{\text{HCO}}_3^{?},\text{Al}{\left(\text{OH}\right)}_4^{?},{\text{OH}}^{?}\right)$ were leached with a L/S ratio of 2 mL/g, at 30 °C, over 23 h. During the first stage of leaching, approximately 88% of alkaline anions were leached from the dissolution of free alkali (NaOH, carbonate, bicarbonate, NaAl(OH)₄) with the rest originating from the dissolution of alkaline minerals (calcite, cancrinite and hydrogarnet). Supernatant alkalinity was 69.78 mmol/L with ${\text{CO}}_3^{2?}$ accounting for 75%. Furthermore, carbonate leaching was controlled by solid film diffusion using the Stumm Model with an apparent activation energy of 10.24 kJ/mol.