MRI artifact cancellation due to rigid motion in the imaging plane

A post-processing technique has been developed to suppress the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) artifact arising from object planar rigid motion. In two-dimensional Fourier transform (2-DFT) MRI, rotational and translational motions of the target during magnetic resonance magnetic resonance (MR) scan respectively impose nonuniform sampling and a phase error an the collected MRI signal. The artifact correction method introduced considers the following three conditions: (1) for planar rigid motion with known parameters, a reconstruction algorithm based on bilinear interpolation and the super-position method is employed to remove the MRI artifact, (2) for planar rigid motion with known rotation angle and unknown translational motion (including an unknown rotation center), first, a super-position bilinear interpolation algorithm is used to eliminate artifact due to rotation about the center of the imaging plane, following which a phase correction algorithm is applied to reduce the remaining phase error of the MRI signal, and (3) to estimate unknown parameters of a rigid motion, a minimum energy method is proposed which utilizes the fact that planar rigid motion increases the measured energy of an ideal MR image outside the boundary of the imaging object; by using this property all unknown parameters of a typical rigid motion are accurately estimated in the presence of noise. To confirm the feasibility of employing the proposed method in a clinical setting, the technique was used to reduce unknown rigid motion artifact arising from the head movements of two volunteers.     

An improved algorithm for 2-D translational motion artifact correction

The quality of magnetic resonance imaging systems has improved to the point that motion is a major limitation in many examinations. Translational motion in the imaging plane causes the phase of the data to be corrupted. An algorithm using computer post-processing is proposed to correct the phase of the data, and hence remove the artifact. This algorithm has superior convergence properties to an earlier algorithm, which is achieved by incorporating additional prior information specific to the situation. The algorithm is verified using a Shepp and Logan phantom with simulated motion in the imaging plane. It is shown that the algorithm can correct both periodic and random motion, and that the algorithm is not significantly degraded when noise is present.     

An improved algorithm for rotational motion artifact suppression inMRI

An improved algorithm for planar rotational motion artifact suppression in standard two-dimensional Fourier transform magnetic resonance images is presented. It is shown that interpolation of acquired view data on the uncorrupted k-space create data overlap and void regions. The authors present a method of managing overlap data regions, using weighted averaging of redundant data. The weights are assigned according to a priority ranking based on the minimum distance between the data set and the k-space grid points. An iterative estimation technique for filling the data void regions, using projections onto convex sets (POCS), is also described. The method has been successfully tested using computer simulations     

Noise cancellation signal processing method and computer system for improved real-time electrocardiogram artifact correction during MRI data acquisition

A system was developed for real-time electrocardiogram (ECG) analysis and artifact correction during magnetic resonance (MR) scanning, to improve patient monitoring and triggering of MR data acquisitions. Based on the assumption that artifact production by magnetic field gradient switching represents a linear time invariant process, a noise cancellation (NC) method is applied to ECG artifact linear prediction. This linear prediction is performed using a digital finite impulse response (FIR) matrix, that is computed employing ECG and gradient waveforms recorded during a training scan. The FIR filters are used during further scanning to predict artifacts by convolution of the gradient waveforms. Subtracting the artifacts from the raw ECG signal produces the correction with minimal delay. Validation of the system was performed both off-line, using prerecorded signals, and under actual examination conditions. The method is implemented using a specially designed Signal Analyzer and Event Controller (SAEC) computer and electronics. Real-time operation was demonstrated at 1 kHz with a delay of only 1 ms introduced by the processing. The system opens the possibility of automatic monitoring algorithms for electrophysiological signals in the MR environment.     

An improved regularization method for artifact rejection in image super-resolution

The main aim of this paper is to employ an improved regularization method to super-resolution problems. Super-resolution refers to a process that increases spatial resolution by fusing information from a sequence of images acquired in one or more of several possible ways. This process is an inverse problem, one that is known to be highly ill-conditioned. Total Variation regularization is one of the well-known techniques used to deal with such problems, which has some disadvantages like staircase effect artifacts and nonphysical dissipation. To enhance the robustness of processing against these artifacts, this paper proposes a new regularization method based on the coupling of fourth order PDE and a type of newly designed shock filtering based on complex diffusion in addition to previous Total Variation. In order to have sharp corner structures like edges, this work also considers a corner shock filter. The proposed scheme is not only able to remove the jittering effect artifacts along the edge directions but also able to restrain the rounding artifacts around the corner structures and most importantly, the stabilization of the overall process is assured.     

Motion artifact correction in MRI using generalized projections

An algorithm that suppresses translational motion artifacts in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) by using post processing on a standard spin-warp image is presented. It is shown that translational motion causes an additional phase factor in the detected signal and that this phase error can be removed using an iterative algorithm of generalized projections. The method has been tested using computer simulations and it successfully removed most of the artifact. The algorithm converges even in the presence of severe noise.     

Data consistency based translational motion artifact reduction in fan-beam CT

A basic assumption in the classic computed tomography (CT) theory is that an object remains stationary in an entire scan. In biomedical CT/micro-CT, this assumption is often violated. To produce high-resolution images, such as for our recently proposed clinical micro-CT (CMCT) prototype, it is desirable to develop a precise motion estimation and image reconstruction scheme. In this paper, we first extend the Helgason-Ludwig consistency condition (HLCC) from parallel-beam to fan-beam geometry when an object is subject to a translation. Then, we propose a novel method to estimate the motion parameters only from sinograms based on the HLCC. To reconstruct the moving object, we formulate two generalized fan-beam reconstruction methods, which are in filtered backprojection and backprojection filtering formats, respectively. Furthermore, we present numerical simulation results to show that our approach is accurate and robust.     

A respiratory motion artifact reduction method in magnetic resonance imaging of the chest

An image reconstruction algorithm based on the assumption that the respiratory motion of the chest is linear in space and arbitrary in time is presented. The linear respiratory motion causes phase distortion on the magnetic resonance (MR) data. As a result of this motion, the MR data are the samples of the Fourier transform of the spin density on a nonrectangular grid. In image reconstruction. before taking the inverse Fourier transform, the phase distortion is compensated for, and the rectangular samples are interpolated from the existing nonrectangular samples. A significant amount of motion artifact suppression is achieved with a rough knowledge on the motion using this method. It is demonstrated that the respiratory motion model parameters can be estimated using the information hidden in the motion artifacts.     

块匹配运动估计的一种改进方法

给出一种基于块匹配的运动估计新方案,该方案采用了相关搜索算法。实验结果表明在基于全搜索或快速搜索运算时,该方案都可获得与改进前块匹配估计方法几乎相同的估计效果,而计算复杂度却大大降低。     

一种并行磁共振成像伪影消除方法

多线圈采集技术与并行成像算法通过降低磁共振成像所必需的梯度编码步数有效提高了成像的扫描速度.但是在数据采集过程中,运动常常会使线圈数据发生异常,从而对最终重建图像质量产生很大影响.本文提出了一种新的重建算法去消除重建图像中产生的伪影.算法把破坏数据看成观测数据样本中的异常值,应用了AM鲁棒估计进行数据修正,很好的抑制了异常值对数据集造成的影响.本研究分别对多线圈并行采集的体模数据与真实脑部数据进行了实验,结果显示算法可以有效消除破坏数据在重建图像中产生的伪影,并通过对比实验充分显示了本算法的优越性.     

一种利用运动补偿的改进JPDA-UKF算法

在恒虚警条件下,针对传统的航海雷达模拟器目标跟踪采用的基于不敏卡尔曼滤波的联合概率数据互联算法( JPDA-UKF)发散、复杂度高和实时性差的问题,提出了一种利用运动补偿的笛卡尔坐标下改进的JPDA-UKF滤波方法。该算法引入相邻周期回波间运动补偿提取的目标量测可信度矩阵,限制进入跟踪门相交区域中的虚假量测数量,并将软跟踪门技术应用于滑窗逻辑法实现航迹管理。仿真结果表明,所提方法径向速度误差比传统的JPDA-UKF算法与自适应的α-β滤波算法分别降低10%和20%,目标获得稳定航迹后径向速度归一化均方根误差( RMSE)比上述两种方法分别具有约10 dB和15 dB的性能优势,算法的复杂度符合真实雷达的边扫描边跟踪的实时处理。     

一种红外成像系统自适应冷像校正方法

冷像是影响制冷型红外探测器成像质量的重要因素。 分析了冷像产生的机理以及频率特点,提出了一种自适应冷像校正算法。首先,通过自适应时域低通滤波法来获得冷像估计图像,然后将获取到的冷像估计图像与预先存储的冷像参考图像进行相关运算,最后根据相关系数确定是否进行噪声矩阵的更新并用来校正图像。使用仿真和实际的红外图像序列进行实验,结果表明所提算法能够有效去除冷像噪声。     

Navigator echo motion artifact suppression in synthetic aperture ultrasound imaging

We develop a simple yet effective technique for motion artifact suppression in ultrasound images reconstructed from multiple acquisitions. Assuming a rigid-body motion model, a navigator echo is computed for each acquisition and then registered to estimate the motion in between acquisitions. By detecting this motion, it is possible to compensate for it in the reconstruction step to obtain images that are free of lateral motion artifacts. The theory and practical implementation details are described and the performance is analyzed using computer simulations as well as real data. The results indicate the potential of the new method for real-time implementation in lower cost ultrasound imaging systems.     

红外焦平面阵列非均匀性自适应校正方法

分析基于场景的红外焦平面阵列非均匀性校正方法中的景物退化和鬼影现象,提出了一种基于边缘约束高斯滤波的红外焦平面阵列非均匀性自适应校正方法。该方法设计了一个边缘约束高斯滤波器来获取理想的估计图像,利用最陡下降法得到计算增益校正因子和偏移量校正因子的迭代公式,并通过迭代步长的自适应控制来增快算法的收敛速度。通过仿真实验和真实红外图像处理对比实验表明:相较于目前已有的方法,该方法在有效抑制景物退化和鬼影现象的同时,较好地去除原始红外图像的固定图案噪声,保留了图像细节信息,提高了图像质量。     

改进的S模式纠错算法

对检测到错误的S模式应答信号报文纠错,传统的方法是查表法,不仅效率很低,而且要求很大的存储空间存放错误图样,不适合工程应用。通过对S模式应答信号的干扰情况、编译码方式及循环码特性的深入研究,提出了余数计算的改进方法;再结合使用码元置信度,实现了能快速、准确定位误码并纠正它们的算法。改进的纠错算法不仅效率高,而且占用系统资源少,易于硬件实现,其有效性已得到工程应用的验证。     

A method to reduce the Gibbs ringing artifact in MRI scans while keeping tissue boundary integrity

Gibbs ringing is a well known artifact that effects reconstruction of images having discontinuities. This is a problem in the reconstruction of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data due to the many different tissues normally present in each scan. The Gibbs ringing artifact manifests itself at the boundaries of the tissues, making it difficult to determine the structure of the brain tissue. The Gegenbauer reconstruction method has been shown to effectively eliminate the effects of Gibbs ringing in other applications. This paper presents the application of the Gegenbauer reconstruction method to neuro-imaging.     

A new method for gain correction in ultrasonic imaging

A system is proposed in which the depth for each ultrasonic image pixel, which is needed for scan conversion, is simultaneously given with the pixel coming out from the digital scan processor. The gain memory is only a line memory with less circuitry and is updated faster when the gain function is modified by the user. The use of the system in routine clinical work shows that post-gain correction capability is an improvement in terms of ease-of-use and image quality optimization     

A nonparametric method for automatic correction of intensitynonuniformity in MRI data

A novel approach to correcting for intensity nonuniformity in magnetic resonance (MR) data is described that achieves high performance without requiring a model of the tissue classes present. The method has the advantage that it can be applied at an early stage in an automated data analysis, before a tissue model is available. Described as nonparametric nonuniform intensity normalization (N3), the method is independent of pulse sequence and insensitive to pathological data that might otherwise violate model assumptions. To eliminate the dependence of the field estimate on anatomy, an iterative approach is employed to estimate both the multiplicative bias field and the distribution of the true tissue intensities. The performance of this method is evaluated using both real and simulated MR data     

焦平面编码高分辨率红外成像方法

红外成像系统由于探测器加工工艺的限制,很难通过减小像元尺寸或增加阵元数量的方式实现高分辨率成像.压缩感知理论提供了一种新的提高成像分辨率的方法,在光学系统的焦平面处放置编码掩膜,使得红外探测器得到的图像是被观测场景的压缩采样,再通过稀疏优化算法重构出原始图像.决定图像分辨率的不是探测器的像素尺寸,而是编码掩膜的孔径大小...