SPM探针制备的新进展

扫描探针显微技术应用越来越广泛，其探针制备技术也不断得到开发。从探针结构的改进和探针功能的扩展等方面对近几年来探针制备技术的相关发展进行了阐述，探讨了SPM技术的拓展和新应用，同时也讨论各种制备方法的特点和适用条件。     

纳米操作系统的研究现状与关键技术

纳米操作是用于研究纳米材料、结构和装置的性质特征的基本技术,也是纳米构筑单元准备、纳米设备装配的必备技术。目前典型的纳米操作系统有基于扫描探针显微镜的系统,基于电子显微镜的系统,基于光镊的系统及混合式系统。详细阐述了各类系统的特点和发展现状。分析了末端工具、显微成像、定位与驱动、操作策略等纳米操作系统中的关键技术,并对发展趋势进行了展望。     

原子力显微镜仍有巨大的发展潜力

<正>10年来,以扫描探针显微技术(SPM)为代表的各种表面分析技术,尤其是原子力显微技术(AFM),在计量学及表面表征领域已成为科学家     

复合型超精密表面形貌测量仪

研制了基于同一显微镜基体实现原子力探针扫描测量与非接触光学测量两种功能的复合型超精密表面形貌测量仪.分析了基于白光显微干涉原子力探针的测量方法、探针微悬臂变形量与白光干涉条纹移动量的关系以及探针微悬臂测量非线性误差的修正方法,和通过融合垂直扫描系统的位移量和悬臂梁变形量得到了原子力探针的工作方式.研制了三维精密位移系统...     

近场扫描光学显微镜和光子扫描隧道显微镜

近场扫描光学显微镜和光子扫描隧道显微镜＊王佳（清华大学精密仪器系北京１０００８４）０引言自从８０年代初扫描隧道显微镜ＳＴＭ发明以来，扫描探针显微术ＳＰＭ已经发展成具有十几种类型的系列技术。其中引人注目的是以近场扫描光学显微镜ＮＳＯＭ和光子扫描隧道显微...     

现代核分析技术在生命科学中的应用

本文叙述了近几年来现代核分析技术中,中子活化分析,同步辐射X射线荧光分析,扫描质子微探针,质子激发X射线荧光分析和扫描隧道显微技术的发展及其在生命科学研究中的应用。     

用于二维精密定位工作台的微位移机构设计

微位移技术是精密机械与仪器的关键技术之一.本文介绍精密定位系统中的典型微位移机构,分析常用机构的特点及存在问题,并以平行板柔性铰链为基础,通过对其结构的优化,设计应用于扫描探针系统的二维定位工作台,并利用有限元方法对该工作台静态特性进行了仿真分析.     

用扫描隧道显微技术实现原子识别的原理初探

本文阐述用扫描探针显微技术获取样品表面功函数、局域态密度以及原子表观半径的基本理论和方法,提出了根据这些表面信息进行原子识别的基本思想。     

亚微米级毛细管微探针的制作及其应用

设计了一种用热拉伸法制备毛细管微探针的新装置,可制作尖端内外径从亚微米量级至数十微米量级的毛细管微探针。介绍了微探针在细胞人工授精操作中的应用实例,并提出一种基于扫描隧道显微术与电化学技术,利用微探针进行集成电路微细加工的新方法。     

SPM三维纳米级微定位的研究

介绍了一种三维纳米级微定位系统。该系统可用于各种扫描探针显微镜（ＳＰＭ）探针和样品的微定位,探针可在样品表面１０ｍｍ×１０ｍｍ区域内定位,重复定位精度小于１００ｎｍ,在高度方向,探针可 顺利地进入样品表面１０ｎｍ区域内。     

Nanomaterials for field electron emission: preparation,characterization and application

We review the current development in synthesis and deposition techniques of quasi-one-dimensional nanomaterials and recent achievements in the study of the field electron emission properties of these materials. Major findings are given from our recent experimental study of the field electron emission characteristics of carbon nanotubes, copper sulfide and silicon carbide nanorods. The study reveals that the above nanomaterials are promising candidates as cold cathode electron emitters. Furthermore, we review the recent development of techniques for growing and depositing the above nanomaterials in device structures. Typical device structures and their performance are also shown.     

近年来国外仪器与测量技术发展趋势

就IEEE仪器与测量技术大会(IMTC)近四年来会议文章的分布情况反映了近年来国外在仪器与测量方面的研究热点和科技与工业发展对仪器及测量技术的需求。也针对国外在该领域近年来的研究工作比较集中的传感器和信号处理的热点进行了概括。同时还就测试计量领域最有代表性的时频测控技术的发展、近年来在国际上的影响反映了仪器与测量技术与现代科学技术的最新成就之间的互为依存的关系。     

L波段探空雷达业务运行与管理

通过统计、分析、比较等方法,对近几年四川省西昌站L波段探空雷达系统的业务运行情况进行了较全面的总结,L波段探空雷达系统性能先进、运行稳定、效益显著。本文从雷达系统基本原理入手,阐述了L波段探空雷达系统的基本操作步骤及注意事项,总结出了西昌站近几年常见雷达故障的分析和排除方法,以及强对流天气时的应对措施等,可供从事高空探测的业务人员和管理人员参考。     

Mechanisms of sliding wear of metals and alloys at elevated temperatures

Sliding wear at elevated temperature is an important material removal mechanism in large number of engineering applications such as metal forming operation, gas turbine engines, etc. The material loss during sliding at elevated temperature is governed by the antagonistic effect of wear process and oxidation. The objective of the present work is to give an outline of the current status and future trends of wear at elevated temperature of selected metallic materials. Starting with a brief overview of present level of understanding of the elevated temperature wear of various metals and alloys, the initial parts of the paper describes various important development in recent years on elevated temperature sliding wear. The salient features which have helped us to gain in depth scientific knowledge of elevated temperature wear are discussed in the light of recent developments. The overview is further substantiated by detailed study and observation in recent times in particular, the work done at the Vienna University of Technology (Institute of Microtechnique and Precision Engineering) and at the Austrian Center of Competence for Tribology. Specific examples from the recent literatures are described to exemplify the mechanisms of formation of various types of layers during high-temperature wear. Some thoughts on the future directions for research are also outlined.     

Recent developments in autocollimating telescopes

Developments in autocollimating telescopes since the 1930's are described, including the introduction of photo-electric image detection systems and the more recent use of solid state sources and sensors together with signal processing equipment. Target specifications for the 1980's are for increased total measuring range, setting repeatability and accuracy over the total measuring range. One manufacturer's recent specifications for automatic position sensing autocollimators illustrate the potential for improvement     

Evaluation of the finite journal bearing characteristics,using the exact analytical solution of the Reynolds equation

A very recent analysis of the exact analytical solution of the Reynolds equation for the lubrication of the plain journal bearing with finite length is used in the current work in order to evaluate the impedance forces of the fluid film and define them in closed form analytical expressions. The main journal bearing design parameters such as the eccentricity ratio, the location of the minimum fluid film thickness, the location of the maximum pressure and the stiffness and damping coefficients are evaluated under the recent analytical definition of the lubricant pressure distribution and presented in charts as functions of the Sommerfeld number, comparing them with the past and recent literature.     

风机降噪研究的现状与分析

综述了近年来有关风机噪声的一些研究状况,包括已取得的成绩和面临的一些问题,对风机噪声的控制方法进行了大致的分类介绍,对新的发展趋势和应进一步深入研究的问题进行了探讨。     

毛细管电泳法(CE)在手性分离中的应用

本文综述了毛细管电泳法拆分手性药物的机理、方法及应用,并重点介绍近年来各类手性选择剂在手性分离中的应用现状。     

Group scheduling with independent setup times, ready times, and deteriorating job processing times

Self-piercing riveting (SPR) is a high-speed mechanical fastening technique which is suitable for point-joining advanced lightweight sheet materials that are dissimilar, coated, and hard to weld. Major advances have been made in recent years in SPR technique. Latest literature relating to finite element analysis (FEA) of SPR joints is reviewed in this paper. The recent development in FEA of SPR joints are described with particular reference to three major factors that influence the success of SPR technique: SPR process, failure mechanism, and mechanical behavior of SPR joints. The main FE methods used in FEA of SPR joints are discussed and illustrated with brief case studies from the literature. Areas where further useful progress can be made are also identified.     

同步控制策略及其典型应用的研究

该文介绍了液压/气动、电机等传动系统中3种经典同步控制策略（同等方式、主从式、交叉耦合控制）。分析了其控制特点并结合典型应用实例进行阐述。随着计算机技术和智能控制理论的发展,近年来国内外在同步控制策略上出现了新方法、新技术,将模糊控制、自适应控制、神经网络控制等应用到同步控制技术中,该文探讨了这些同步控制新方法,并进行了分类总结。最后,介绍了作者目前所从事用于土工试验土体动力学研究的双向电液激振同步控制装置及其同步控制策略。