“民主化”的更新改造之路——对旧城更新改造中公众参与问题的思考

结合近年来旧城更新改造中公众参与的现状特点 ,在分析我国旧城更新改造走“民主化”道路的可能性和必要性的基础上 ,初探了旧城更新改造中的“民主化”的更新改造之路。     

城市更新公众参与的动力机制探讨

从我国城市更新的现状出发,研究我国城市更新中公众参与的实践情况,从而对我国城市更新公众参与的动力机制进行研究,总结出我国城市更新公众参与的内在动力和外在推力,从而做出我国城市更新中必须开展公众参与的结论。     

变革中的香港市区重建政策--新思维、新趋向及新挑战

随着由完全市场机制主导、以商业模式运作、忽略社会功能的旧的城市更新体制的失败,香港的城市更新政策近年来开始出现一种新思维、新趋向,体现在政府角色的进一步加强、全面化更新理念的主张以及以人为本、更注重社会效益的城市更新价值观的初步形成。然而,在现实环境及管治体制等各种复杂因素的制约下,新思维还难以取得显著成效、难以真正达成效率与公平的双重目标。     

价值视角下城市更新与公共空间关系探讨

公共空间因其不具有直接的经济效益,在城市更新中极易成为被遗忘的角落。然而,这个典型的城市空间元素将在城市旧区的复兴中发挥极为关键的作用。该文从价值的视角对二者的关系进行了细致的分析和探讨,发现在以城市更新发展为主体考量公共空间时．公共空间是有价值的,而且其价值是绝对的,而非相对的。     

浅谈我国旧城更新中的公众参与问题

通过对公众参与在城市规划中的兴起以及发展状况研究,结合我国旧城更新现状和存在的问题,借鉴国外公众参与旧城更新的成功经验,阐述了当今公众参与在我国旧城更新中的必要性,并进一步提出了加强旧城更新中公众参与的建议。     

公众参与和可持续的老城更新——扬州老城更新的实践与启示

在西方国家的城市更新中,公众参与是一个必要的过程和普遍运用的实施机制。但在中国的城市更新中,公众参与的深度和广度还相当有限。扬州市文化里的老城更新,全过程地运用公众参与机制,为中国的老城更新提供了具有首创价值的实践范例。扬州市的案例表明,公众参与不仅是实现可持续的老城更新目标的必要路径,也是在城市更新领域实现公众利益最大化的善治目标的关键机制。     

The path to successful urban renewal: Current policy debates in the Netherlands

In Dutch urban renewal, we observe an implementation gap between dreaming and doing. Dutch national government recently proposed to focus urban renewal on more than 50 priority areas in the cities and to reduce urban renewal subsidies. It is not very likely that this policy will accelerate urban renewal. This contribution suggests a different approach: the formulation of an urban district vision shared by the sustainable stakeholders in those districts. If they can come to an agreement, they deserve housing association finance and public urban renewal support. By targeting the plans primarily on the social climbers in the urban districts involved, the city can keep their buying power within the city. Combining physical, social, economic and safety agendas and adopting a multi-functional orientation would seem to be a successful strategy.     

基于局部规则概念的城市更新观

局部规则是复杂性理论中基于个体思维范式的一个重要概念。该文从将局部规则的概念引入城市的研究中入手,提出了城市更新的新观念：城市更新的实质是对局部规则的更新;城市更新是一个综合的过程,它应建立更新地段局部规则的新的平衡;城市更新并不意味着对更新地段所有的局部规则的改变;城市更新应谨慎对待涉及城市历史文化、地域特征的局部规则。     

Renewing urban renewal in France,the UK and the Netherlands: Introduction

Three central questions are addressed in this ‘policy and practice’ special issue of the Journal of Housing and the Built Environment; the extent and the nature of changing approaches to urban renewal in France, the UK and the Netherlands; the effects this has on the articulation between public, private and civil actors; and the capacity of different actors to deal with their new roles and positions. This introduction compares the contributions to the special issue. A framework for this comparison is developed and then applied to the three countries under scrutiny. It appears that the objectives of urban renewal have not fundamentally changed. However, a common tendency towards greater involvement of local actors leads to more network-oriented types of co-ordination and thus influences the roles of both public and private actors. Notwithstanding this evolution, the central and crucial role of public actors in urban renewal persists.     

Integrated urban renewal in The Netherlands: a critical appraisal

Urban renewal policies in The Netherlands already have a long history, which is characterised by varying attention for either smaller-scale (neighbourhood) or larger-scale (city) issues, and for either physical, social or economic questions. These variations run parallel with more general discourses on urban dynamics and perceptions of processes in (urban) society at large. In this paper the recent history of urban renewal policies will be briefly sketched, including their main orientations. Recent Big Citie Policies, currently in the third generation, will receive special attention and the actual policy discourse will be critically evaluated and confronted with some essential empirical findings. In this process, the Dutch policy on integrated urban renewal shows clear parallels with the experience in other Western European countries, demonstrating that a Western European paradigm of urban policies is in the making: integrated, area-based, with involvement of both public and market partners and residents. Nevertheless, the Dutch case is more outspoken than the approaches in other Western European countries, by paying more attention to the issue of social cohesion or integration and to the promotion of social mix as a solution for a lack of social cohesion in neighbourhoods. At the same time it is clear that this new paradigm of urban policies shows the characteristics of a discourse that is not based on research and on empirical facts, but that develops its own momentum from shared beliefs regarding the nature of urban problems and the appropriate policy responses. This new paradigm needs reconsideration.     

浅谈工业遗产地的文化情境

主要以在城市更新中的工业遗产地为研究对象,阐述了城市文化情境的含义,并探析了工业遗产地的文化情境,指出应充分尊重工业遗产地中独特的文化遗产资源,融入城市的公共空间和公共生活中,同时使城市的历史文化得到延续.     

深圳市2010-2016年城市更新活动的实施效果与空间模式分析

在城市化进程不断推进的背景下,城市更新已经成为中国城市发展的重要内容.以城市更新活动已进入制度化和常态化的深圳为研究区域,通过GIS空间分析对深圳市2010年至2016年间的城市更新单元项目的立项与实施情况进行研究,从区位条件、用地现状、规划等多个维度对城市更新活动的区位选择与空间分布模式进行分析.研究表明,城市更新单元制度极大地推动了深圳市存量土地的二次开发,总体实施效果较好,但呈现实施率逐年下降的特征.交通区位、项目用地规模、产权主体数量与项目改造类型均对城市更新活动的空间分布影响明显,体现了深圳市城市更新活动的市场主导特征.城市规划密度分区对城市更新项目的区位选择有明显影响,城市更新项目主要分布在规划容积率较高的密度分区,从密度一区至六区实施率递减.     

Integrated urban renewal in The Netherlands: a critical appraisal

Urban renewal policies in The Netherlands already have a long history, which is characterised by varying attention for either smaller-scale (neighbourhood) or larger-scale (city) issues, and for either physical, social or economic questions. These variations run parallel with more general discourses on urban dynamics and perceptions of processes in (urban) society at large. In this paper the recent history of urban renewal policies will be briefly sketched, including their main orientations. Recent Big Citie Policies, currently in the third generation, will receive special attention and the actual policy discourse will be critically evaluated and confronted with some essential empirical findings. In this process, the Dutch policy on integrated urban renewal shows clear parallels with the experience in other Western European countries, demonstrating that a Western European paradigm of urban policies is in the making: integrated, area-based, with involvement of both public and market partners and residents. Nevertheless, the Dutch case is more outspoken than the approaches in other Western European countries, by paying more attention to the issue of social cohesion or integration and to the promotion of social mix as a solution for a lack of social cohesion in neighbourhoods. At the same time it is clear that this new paradigm of urban policies shows the characteristics of a discourse that is not based on research and on empirical facts, but that develops its own momentum from shared beliefs regarding the nature of urban problems and the appropriate policy responses. This new paradigm needs reconsideration.     

城市更新增值分配方式下的空间容量生成探讨

空间容量是城市开发建设运营中增 值产生和分配的主要载体,不同的城市更新 途径指向了不同增值分配方式下的空间容量 增长。在中国城市实施城市更新行动进程 中,面对既有的巨大规模的城市空间容量, 如何在实施可行和容量限制的双向约束条件 下,有效提升城市的空间运营,推动城市的 高质量发展,是中国城市更新中面临的关键 问题之一。本文梳理了土地开发运营增值分 配制度中的容量生成路径,分析了城市更新 在宏观层面空间容量的增长限制与中微观层 面空间容量的生成倾向并存的客观现象,并 结合北京的更新案例测算,定量分析不同增 值分配途径下的空间容量生成,指出在空间 增量客观存在的背景下,应积极完善政策制 度以降低更新成本、提高空间运营增值及确 保公共利益。     

从公共管理学前沿看城市更新的规划机制变革

以京沪穗三大城市为例,剖析了我国当前城市更新过程中政府公共干预的困境,指出政府垄断型的传统管理机制是城市更新干预失效的根源;借助公共管理学中的前沿理论,对政府主导下传统的单一秩序观进行了反思,呼吁借鉴新兴的多中心理论观点,以社区为基点建构多中心的更新规划机制;最后从强化社区规划环节、向社区下放规划管理权限等五个方面,具体阐述了城市更新中基于社区的规划机制变革之道。     

城市更新的制度安排与政策反思——以深圳为例

城市更新是盘活存量用地的重要手段。本文以深圳市为例,通过与政府主导旧城改造的政策比较,分析深圳城市更新政策的制度优势。同时,剖析了城市更新政策的制度短板,包括对法定图则空间资源配置的影响、对规划管理带来的挑战、以及对局部地区城市基础设施的压力。最后,从加强城市更新规划评估、健全城市更新容积率管理、改进城市更新地价规则等方面提出完善城市更新制度的政策建议。     

Renewal of Urban Industrial Zone and Spatial Game in China: A Case Study of Chengdu Eastern Suburb Industrial Zone

The change of system constantly reshapes the urban form of China after 1949, among which the renewal and transformation of industrial zones is a typical phenomenon in the changing process of urban landscape in recent years, which centrally reflects the development characteristics of contemporary Chinese cities under new social background. From the perspective of spatial game, this paper takes Chengdu Eastern Suburb Industrial Zone as an example, studies and interprets the changes of urban form and the causes of these changes in the renewal process of the industrial zone on the basis of the existing morphological frame and material landscapes, so then shows the particularity and complexity of the process of urban spatial reconstruction with current Chinese characteristics.     

旧城更新中城市文化再生方法分析

阐述了城市更新的现实意义,通过对城市更新中城市文化现状的分析,从五个方面研究了城市更新中城市文化再生的途径,最后指出探索、实施城市文化再生对适应现代城市生活需求、满足市场机制要求的特色城市形成具有重要的现实意义。     

The lost history of urban renewal

Contrary to common understanding, the US government's policy of “urban renewal” was conceived as an alternative policy to slum clearance. Bitterly opposed to public housing, conservative housing‐industry trade associations sought a way to reform the urban redevelopment formula of clearance and public housing established in the Housing Act of 1949. In the early 1950s, the industry groups seized on citizens' neighborhood fix‐up efforts, particularly the Baltimore Plan, to conduct a national campaign to popularize code enforcement, rehabilitation, and private low‐cost housing development as methods to restore and stabilize city neighborhoods. At conferences organized by House and Home magazine and in the President's Advisory Committee on Government Housing Policies and Programs, the housing industry associations fashioned policies, now named “urban renewal,” which were codified in the Housing Act of 1954. But private industry's venture in urban policymaking failed in implementation. Home builders proved reluctant to participate in the new programs, public housing hung on, and hundreds of thousands of homes fell to the wrecking ball. As urban renewal became synonymous with slum clearance, neighborhoods continued to decline. In the end, ironically, housing rehabilitation reemerged as a populist tool for reviving the inner city.     

Path-dependency in public–private partnership in French urban renewal

Public–private partnership in urban renewal in France concerns mainly housing, transport infrastructure and large public facilities. The distinction between public, private and civil actors does not concern social and economic development. This situation tends to limit the integration of different issues and approaches in renewal projects. Also, French urban renewal projects do not produce a new type of partnership between public and private actors and the regulatory framework. These projects remain publicly dominated policy-making procedures because of the uneven distribution of resources and assets and despite a policy discourse emphasising the need for a new division of work between state, market and civil society. The current French situation cannot be understood without bearing in mind the history of urban planning policies in France. Using a historical analysis and the path-dependence approach, we highlight the resilience of inherited structures of interaction between public and private actors.