混合型断口金属材料韧脆转变温度评价的仪器化冲击试验

利用典型断口材料34CrNiMo6合金钢进行仪器化冲击试验，总结出断口金属材料韧脆转变温度评价的仪器化冲击试验方法，所得结果与通过温度-能量、温度-侧膨胀值评价方式得到的韧脆转变温度基本保持一致。结果表明：仪器化冲击试验方法更稳定可靠，且仪器化冲击试验方法可以用于无法直接目视观察评价的混合型断口材料的韧脆转变温度评价中。     

管线钢环焊缝的侧膨胀值测定方法

以不同管线钢为研究对象，比较了图像分析法、游标卡尺法、侧膨胀仪法测量侧膨胀值的差异，验证了用侧膨胀值测定韧-脆转变温度的准确性及稳定性，并对X80钢实心焊丝自动焊环焊缝进行不同温度的夏比冲击试验。结果表明：对于韧性较差、韧性不均匀的材料，以及冲击断裂后发生扭曲的试样，宜采用侧膨胀仪法测量其侧膨胀值；对于管线钢，采用侧膨胀值测定其韧-脆转变温度结果的准确性和稳定性较好；X80钢实心焊丝自动焊环焊缝韧-脆转变温度对应的侧膨胀值为0.90 mm。     

管线钢冲击吸收功测量的尺寸效应

对20钢、16Mn钢和X70钢不同宽度试样在-80～40℃范围内进行夏比冲击试验,研究了非标准尺寸试样冲击功与标准试样冲击功之间的关系,比较了大小试样韧脆转变温度的不同;把试验结果与ASTM标准、BS标准进行对比,不同尺寸试样的韧脆转变温度漂移程度相差很大。并对上平台冲击功的换算公式做了修正。     

冲击缺口类型对34CrNi1Mo钢韧脆转变温度的影响

对34CrNi1Mo钢分别进行V形和U形两种缺口类型的冲击试验,并绘制出剪切断面率与试验温度的曲线。通过曲线及韧脆转变温度的对比,分析缺口类型对34CrNi1Mo钢韧脆转变温度的影响。结果表明:不同缺口类型对34CrNi1Mo钢的韧脆转变温度有较大影响,U形缺口试样测得的韧脆转变温度低于V形缺口试样测得的韧脆转变温度。     

仪器化冲击法研究几种金属材料的冲击性能

利用仪器化冲击试验机进行了D36、14MnVTiRe和10CrNiCu船体结构钢的系列冲击试验，结果表明：这几种船体结构钢具有较低的韧脆转变温度。用裂纹扩展功取作为韧脆转变温度的判据更加准确。韧脆转变前，断裂能量主要消耗于裂纹的扩展；韧脆转变后，裂纹形成功Wi明显大于裂纹扩展功Wp，断裂能量主要消耗于裂纹的形成。     

船用低温钢的冲击断裂行为及韧脆转变温度曲线分析

为比较拟合韧脆转变温度曲线各方法的优劣,确定船用低温钢韧脆转变温度,研究其冲击断裂行为,在20℃至–196℃系列温度下对试验钢进行Charpy冲击试验,并对其金相组织和断口进行分析。结果表明:使用Boltzmann函数拟合韧脆转变温度曲线的物理意义明确;船用低温钢韧脆转变温度为(–97±5)℃;试验温度高于韧脆转变温度时,裂纹形核功及延性裂纹扩展阻力变化不明显,但裂纹脆性扩展的阻力和裂纹失稳后的止裂能力随温度下降有较明显的降低;试验温度低于韧脆转变温度后,裂纹形核功及延性裂纹扩展阻力随温度降低迅速减小;试验钢的有效晶粒为(3.1±0.4)μm,细小的有效晶粒尺寸,是保证其低温韧性良好,韧脆转变温度低的主要原因。     

不同摆锤刀刃对管线钢夏比冲击试验的影响及分析

为比较不同摆锤刀刃锤头对冲击试验结果的影响,采用8mm摆锤刀刃锤头和2mm摆锤刀刃锤头对X65管线钢进行系列夏比冲击试验,对测得的冲击能量进行比较分析。结果表明:在较高的能量范围内,采用8mm摆锤刀刃比采用2mm摆锤刀刃测得的冲击吸收能量高;随着试验温度的降低,两种不同摆锤刀刃下的冲击吸收能量值均逐渐减小,采用8 mm摆锤刀刃测得的冲击吸收能量下降更多;在较低的能量范围时,两者之间的差值变小;采用8 mm摆锤刀刃确定的韧脆转变温度高于采用2 mm摆锤刀刃确定的韧脆转变温度。     

影响B50A224钢韧脆转变温度的因素

针对B50A224钢系列温度冲击试验数据,首先采用不同的方法进行拟合,通过比较得出双曲正切函数拟合得到的曲线更符合冲击功及脆性断面率随温度变化的规律,且能降低因冲击试样不均匀对由拟合曲线求得的韧脆转变温度的影响。然后分析了材料显微组织对韧脆转变温度的影响,找出了造成B50A224钢冲击试验出现异常数据的原因。最后通过改进热处理工艺,降低了该钢的韧脆转变温度,提高了其在低温下的抗冲击能力。     

35CrNi3MoV钢韧脆转变温度测定

通过系列温度冲击试验，采用Ｖ，Ｕ型缺口的试样，以冲击吸收功，纤维断面率结合断口微观形貌的变化对３５ＣｒＮｉ３ＭｏＶ钢的韧脆转变温度进行测定分析，试验表明：３５ＣｒＮｉ３ＭｏＶ钢韧脆转为温度为－６０℃。     

风力发电机主轴用34CrNiMo6钢的韧脆转变温度分析

为获得风力发电机主轴用34CrNiMo6合金结构钢的韧脆转变温度,沿其径向不同位置处制取V型冲击试样,并在-110~25℃进行了夏比冲击试验,利用Boltzman函数对剪切断面率与温度进行拟合,得到韧脆转变温度曲线并获得脆性断面占50%所对应的试验温度(即FATT50)。利用扫描电镜分别观察试样脆性及韧性断口形貌,简要分析了该材料在脆性及韧性条件下的断裂行为。试验结果表明:该主轴用34CrNiMo6钢的韧脆转变温度在-50~-70℃,且主轴表面的韧脆转变温度比芯部的稍低。较高试验温度下试样塑性断口表现出典型的韧窝状形貌,随着试验温度的降低,逐渐向解理形貌过渡。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Thixotropy of Systems with Shear Thinning and Plastic Flow Behavior

The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from     

CNAS Passes APLAC's PTP Review

正The review group of Asia Pacific Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation(APLAC)carried out a 4-day peer review of the proficiency testing provider(PTP)for China National Accreditation Service for Conformity Assessment(CNAS)from July 28 to 31,2014.CNAS passed the PTP review with excellent performance.Two senior peer reviewers of APLAC made a comprehensive,rigorous and detailed review of CNAS’s PTP accreditation activities,and made the on-spot inspection of the review groups in Shanghai and Shenzhen respectively.