基于信任和矩阵分解的协同过滤推荐算法

针对传统协同过滤算法普遍存在的稀疏性和冷启动问题,提出一种基于信任和矩阵分解的协同过滤推荐算法。提出一种基于用户评分值的隐式信任计算方法,该方法综合考虑用户的相似性和交互经验,运用信任传播方法使不存在直接信任的用户获得间接信任;通过动态因子将显式信任和隐式信任融入到SVD++算法当中。FilmTrust数据集下的实验表明,与其他矩阵分解推荐算法相比,该方法具有更好的预测效果,在冷启动用户的评分预测上也有很好的表现。     

HRS-DC：基于深度学习的混合推荐模型

针对传统的矩阵分解算法,仅利用评分信息作为推荐依据,当评分数据稀疏时,不能准确获取隐式反馈,影响推荐的准确性,充分利用辅助信息进行隐式特征的提取成为研究热点之一,提出一种基于深度学习的推荐模型HRS-DC,利用深度神经网络和卷积神经网络从辅助信息中分别提取出用户和项目的隐性特征向量,再将特征向量经过改进的神经协同过滤得出新的评分矩阵。通过在三个真实的数据集上进行验证,与概率矩阵分解（PMF）、协同过滤主题回归（CTR）、协同过滤深度学习（CDL）、卷积矩阵分解ConvMF算法相比提高了评分预测的准确性,也在一定程度上缓解了冷启动问题。     

协同过滤推荐算法对比分析与优化应用

协同过滤推荐算法分为基于内存和基于模型的推荐算法,协同过滤推荐算法存在数据稀疏性、可扩展性、冷启动等问题。通过基于用户、基于项目协同过滤推荐算法以及SVD、Slope-One、KNN等基于模型协同过滤推荐算法对比分析。提出加入特征向量维度优化的SVD算法,通过降维改善数据稀疏性问题。利用Hadoop分布式平台改善推荐算法可扩展性问题。基于MovieLens数据集实验结果表明,引入基于Boolean相似性计算方法的推荐效果更优,引入数量权重和标准差权重的优化 Slope-One 算法和引入特征向量维度的优化 SVD 算法推荐效果更优。     

三通道神经协同过滤算法

传统的神经协同过滤算法在隐式反馈数据集上对用户和项目建模,由于隐式反馈数据天然带有很强的噪音,这给模型的学习带来了挑战.为了缓解该问题,文中提出了一种基于三通道的神经协同过滤算法,该方法使用自编码器去挖掘用户和项目的特征向量,然后结合用户和项目的辅助信息一起通过多层感知机去学习特征向量不同维度之间的高阶交互关系,并将其与传统的神经协同过滤算法融合,以此来提高模型的泛化能力和命中率.此外,在隐式反馈数据集上进行负采样不易且采样结果会极大程度影响模型的表现,文中采用一种基于传统矩阵分解的概率负采样方法克服这个问题,提高了模型的鲁棒性.本文在公开数据集MovieLens上进行了大量实验,实验结果表明基于本文提出的算法比其他先进算法有更优的表现.     

融合显隐式反馈协同过滤的差分隐私保护算法

由于协同过滤推荐算法依赖用户的数据,因而存在很大的隐私泄露风险.差分隐私保护技术可提供严格的隐私保护效果,但目前大多数基于差分隐私的推荐算法没有考虑隐式反馈数据,针对该问题,提出了一种新的基于差分隐私保护的协同过滤推荐算法.首先对隐式反馈矩阵进行矩阵分解,得到用户和物品的隐式特征向量;然后把得到的隐式特征向量融合到显式反馈模型求解中,通过在模型求解过程中加入均值扰动和梯度扰动,使算法满足ε-差分隐私保护;最后应用此算法预测评分,并在MovieLens数据集上对算法进行有效性评价.实验结果表明,所提算法能在推荐结果的准确性和用户的隐私保护之间实现有效的平衡.     

融合显/隐式反馈的社会化协同排序推荐算法

传统的基于评分预测的社会化协同过滤推荐算法存在预测值与真实排序不匹配的固有缺陷,而基于排序预测的社会化协同排序推荐算法更符合真实的应用场景。然而,现有的大多数基于排序预测的社会化协同排序推荐算法要么仅仅关注显式反馈数据,要么仅仅关注隐式反馈数据,没有充分挖掘这些数据的价值。为充分挖掘用户的社交网络和推荐对象的显/隐式评分信息,同时克服基于评分预测的社会化协同过滤推荐算法存在的固有缺陷,在xCLiMF模型和TrustSVD模型基础上,提出一种新的融合显/隐式反馈的社会化协同排序推荐算法SPR_SVD++。该算法同时挖掘用户评分矩阵和社交网络矩阵中的显/隐式信息,并优化排序学习的评价指标预期倒数排名（ERR）。在真实数据集上的实验结果表明,采用归一化折损累计增益（NDCG）和ERR作为评价指标,SPR_SVD++算法均优于最新的TrustSVD、MERR_SVD++和SVD++算法。可见SPR_SVD++算法性能好、可扩展性强,在互联网信息推荐领域有很好的应用前景。     

协同过滤算法中冷启动问题研究

为了解决传统协同过滤算法的冷启动问题,提高算法的推荐质量,本文针对协同过滤算法中的冷启动问题进行研究,提出了两种改进的算法.新用户冷启动：融合用户信息模型的基于用户的协同过滤算法;新项目冷启动：采用层次聚类的基于项目的协同过滤算法.将新算法在网络开源数据集MovieLens上进行实验验证,比较改进算法和传统算法在查全率和查准率上的差异,结果表明改进算法能够有效地提高算法的推荐质量,缓解新用户和新项目的冷启动问题.     

基于图嵌入模型的协同过滤推荐算法

传统协同过滤算法存在严重的数据稀疏和冷启动问题。利用社交网络中的丰富信息为解决传统协同过滤算法的数据稀疏和冷启动带来了契机。然而,传统基于社交网络的协同过滤算法仅利用粗粒度、稀疏的用户信任关系来改进传统协同过滤算法,即用0或1表示用户之间信任程度。另外,传统基于社交网络推荐算法仅仅集成用户之间显式信任关系,而忽略用户之间隐式的信任关系。本文提出一种基于图嵌入模型的协同过滤推荐算法,即利用图嵌入模型技术学习社交网络中用户的低维特征表示,并根据用户的低维特征表示推导用户之间细粒度的信任关系。最后,根据信任用户和相似用户对目标物品的评分权重预测用户对目标物品的评分。在真实数据集上的实验结果表明,基于图嵌入模型的协同过滤算法的性能优于传统的协同过滤算法。     

基于图的半监督协同训练算法

针对协同训练算法对无标记数据挑选效率较低,导致噪声数据引入问题,提出了基于图的置信度估计半监督协同训练算法(CESL).利用样本数据自身的结构信息,显式计算无标记样本所属类别概率.同时,采用了多分类器隐式对无标记数据进行置信度估计,以提高无标记数据挑选标准.将显示计算和隐式估计结合对无标记数据进行选择,减低噪音数据的引入,更新分类器.在UCI数据集上的对比实验表明了该算法的有效性.     

一种面向排序的Top-N推荐算法

研究用户优化服务算法问题,应为用户提供个性化的推荐服务的系统.Top-N推荐问题,是指通过对用户历史偏好信息的挖掘,给每个用户推荐N个最可能喜好的内容.针对上述问题,提出了一种面向排序的推荐算法EIBRO-MF,通过融合系统中的显式和隐式反馈数据,建立用户喜好的偏序对关系来训练协同过滤的参数模型,最后利用优化的模型参数给出推荐结果.仿真结果表明,与传统的协同过滤算法、以及只能利用隐式反馈数据的排序算法相比,提出的算法能大幅提高推荐列表的排名精准度.     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.