综合利用投影算法和相似距离算法的二维条码识别

文中以PDD417为例研究了二维条码的识别算法.根据Hough变换定位条码图像后,利用双线性插值将条码旋至水平,然后在条码中定位单个符号字符的图像,并充分利用图像二维特性,提出投影算法识别单个符号字符.最后根据识别出来的码字讨论了条码符号字符的相似距离识别算法.文中根据提出的距离函数来确定正确的码字,并分析了相似距离法对首读率和正确率的影响.实验结果表明综合利用投影算法和相似距离算法具有良好的性能,显著地提高了条码的识别率,满足了实际使用的要求.     

复杂环境下数显式仪表数码管定位与识别方法

针对矿山设备高压配电室机器人巡检系统中数显式仪表数码管难以有效定位与准确识别的问题,提出了一种复杂环境下数显式仪表数码管定位与识别方法。在数码管区域定位中,首先通过特征图像和标记分水岭算法初步定位数码管区域,然后使用大津阈值法和标记分水岭算法得到二值图像,并对其进行投影分割得到数码管字符,最后采用局部二值模式特征和支持向量机分类算法排除非数码管区域,提高数码管定位准确率;在数码管字符识别中,首先使用自适应Canny算法提取数码管字符边缘,然后采用Radon变换估计数码管字符倾斜角度,再使用滤波模板滤除噪点,最后通过穿线法识别数码管字符。试验结果表明,该方法能适应不同光照、数码管大小和字符倾斜角度,具有较高的定位和识别准确率。     

基于改进BP神经网络的夜间车牌识别算法研究

为了提高夜间条件下车牌识别准确率,提出了一种基于改进BP神经网络的车牌识别算法.为了改善夜间环境下车牌图像的质量和清晰度,在图像预处理过程中采用了图像平滑处理增强技术;利用图像边缘检测技术实现了对图像正确定位,然后通过统计车牌图像白色像素个数的方法对字符分割;在此基础上,使用基于附加动量法和自适应学习速率改进的BP神经网络方法精确识别车牌.实验结果表明,该方法对夜间车牌的分割和识别是有效的.     

基于数学形态学的实用车牌定位算法及实现

由于车牌图像分割困难、车牌位置定位不准确等问题,为了快速准确地得到车牌的准确位置,数学形态学具有速度快、方法简单等特点,使用数学形态学进行车牌的识别.通过预处理,采用最佳阈值分割的迭代算法进行车牌图像的二值化处理,然后主要利用数学形态学腐蚀运算进行车牌边缘检测,精确度高.结合车牌先验知识,利用连通区域法对车牌字符进行切分定位,通过大量实验,结果表明该算法具有一定的实用性.形态学边缘检测相对于边缘检测算子具有算法简单、速度快、定位准确和抗干扰能力强的优点.通过对不同车牌图像进行试验,算法具有较好的识别结果.     

遥感图像中的飞机快速定位方法

针对目前遥感图像中飞机的快速定位问题,提出了一种利用分布估计法处理边缘轮廓特征的飞机快速定位方法.首先融合不同精度的多边形近似结果,将复杂的几何轮廓转换为网状结构;再通过期望最大化(EM)算法对局部灰度纹理特征值进行分布估计,定位分割出飞机区域.对几幅机场图像的试验结果表明基于复杂边缘轮廓的方法不受图像各种灰度信息的干扰,突出了飞机同其他图像内容的区别,同时EM算法能够根据强化结果的纹理特征快速准确的定位出大幅遥感图像上各种型号的飞机目标,具有较好的鲁棒性和实用性.     

基于Hausdorff距离的飞机定位方法

为了更快、更准确地识别出遥感图像中的飞机目标,用角点与Hausdorff距离相结合的方法来定位飞机目标.首先对图像进行Harris角点提取,由于传统的Harris角点提取方法对尺度比较敏感,所以采用Harris-Laplacian角点提取方法,由于在尺度空间的每层图像上计算Harris角点的计算量比较大,结合机场图像背景单一且飞机的灰度值比较高的特殊性,提高角点检测的速度和准确性;然后利用改进的Hausdorff距离即基于平均距离值的Hausdorff距离对两个特征点集进行匹配来定位飞机目标.该方法只需要一个模板就能对飞机目标进行定位.通过对机场图像的试验结果表明,该方法能很好地定位出飞机目标,具有较好的鲁棒性和实用性.     

机动车牌照图像二值化提取的研究

为了能自动识别机动车牌照,除了车牌区域定位以外,还有一个非常重要的步骤就是要得到一个满意的二值化图像以便字符的分割和识别。文章比较了多种灰度转换算法,归纳出适合我国机动车牌照颜色及搭配特点的算法,在分析全局阈值法和局部阈值法优缺点的基础上,提出了两种方法相结合的图像二值化算法。该算法不仅能较好地保留图像的细节,还能有效地消除伪影的干扰。     

一种字符定位及识别技术在交通领域的应用

字符定位与识别技术在交通领域应用广泛.字符识别系统包括字符图像的拍摄、预先处理,将字符从图中截取出来,最后对字符对比甄别.采用灰阶处理、均值滤波等方法对图像预处理.在字符定位部分,采用边缘检测算法对字符图像在原始图中位置进行定位.在字符分割前,对字符进行二值化及倾斜校正.利用区域增长(region growing)方法...     

基于模板匹配的纸币号码识别系统

设计了一种能准确识别纸币号码的系统;该系统首先通过CCD摄像头采集图像,然后经过图像处理、扫描法定位、模板匹配几个过程输出号码串;为了提高识别率,采用基于图像轮廓提取和利用图像上、下矩对字符进行粗分类的模板匹配算法,显著减少模板匹配的计算量;实验结果表明,该方法取得了较高的识别率,并且已经在一个实际的系统中得到应用.     

卫星遥感图像中机场的识别方法研究

机场识别作为模式识别领域的问题之一,本文结合一些已有的方法,提出了一种新的机场识别及跑道检测的解决方案.使用模糊学增强方法对遥感图像进行预处理,利用阈值分割方法进行图像分割,然后利用像素标记法提取出最大连通区域,最后通过ROI的算法,实现对机场区域的定位.     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

View-based model-driven architecture for enhancing maintainability of data access services

In modern service-oriented architectures, database access is done by a special type of services, the so-called data access services (DAS). Though, particularly in data-intensive applications, using and developing DAS are very common today, the link between the DAS and their implementation, e.g. a layer of data access objects (DAOs) encapsulating the database queries, still is not sufficiently elaborated, yet. As a result, as the number of DAS grows, finding the desired DAS for reuse and/or associated documentation can become an impossible task. In this paper we focus on bridging this gap between the DAS and their implementation by presenting a view-based, model-driven data access architecture (VMDA) managing models of the DAS, DAOs and database queries in a queryable manner. Our models support tailored views of different stakeholders and are scalable with all types of DAS implementations. In this paper we show that our view-based and model driven architecture approach can enhance software development productivity and maintainability by improving DAS documentation. Moreover, our VMDA opens a wide range of applications such as evaluating DAS usage for DAS performance optimization. Furthermore, we provide tool support and illustrate the applicability of our VMDA in a large-scale case study. Finally, we quantitatively prove that our approach performs with acceptable response times.     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

A pragmatic multi-method investigation of discrepant technological events: Coping,attributions, and ‘accidental’ learning

Discrepant technological events or situations that entail a problem, a misunderstanding or a difficulty with the Information Technology (IT) being employed, are common in the workplace, and can lead to frustration and avoidance behaviors. Little is known, however, about how individuals cope with these events. This paper examines these events by using a multi-method pragmatic approach informed by coping theory. The results of two studies – a critical incident study and an experiment – serve to build and test, respectively, a theoretical model that posits that individuals use a variety of strategies when dealing with these events: they experience negative emotions, make external attributions, and adopt engagement coping strategies directed at solving the event, eventually switching to a disengagement coping strategy when they feel they have no control over the situation. Furthermore, users’ efforts may result in ‘accidental’ learning as they try to overcome the discrepant IT events through engagement coping. The paper ends with a discussion of the results in light of existing literature, future opportunities for research, and implications for practice.