基于稀疏张量分解的动态功能网络分析

静息态功能磁共振成像(RS-fMRI)是目前研究人脑功能的重要技术之一,脑功能连接的动态分析为研究大脑内部状态变化提供了一种有效的手段。文中提出了一种基于稀疏张量CP分解算法的动态脑功能网络分析方法。首先利用静息态fMRI数据不同维度的信息构建张量模型,并对其进行优化求解。然后使用动态检测法对时变网络的状态进行划分,构建脑功能连接网络,并与常用的滑动窗口方法进行对比分析。实验结果表明,该方法能够准确识别出静息态fMRI数据的时间维度信息,捕获静息态fMRI数据中的动态功能连接。     

基于静息态 fMRI 的催眠控制呼吸研究

催眠是一种被证明有效的、无害的心理学上的呼吸控制方法.文章通过对13位有催眠背景的心理咨询师被试进行催眠控制呼吸实验,由催眠师引导被试进行催眠,运用静息态功能磁共振的方法来研究催眠控制呼吸状态下脑功能的异常.结果显示:在催眠状态下,脑活动在视觉皮层(枕叶)、感觉运动皮层(中央前回、中央后回、布洛德曼4、6区)、后扣带回以及颞中回上升;在背外侧前额皮层、小脑后叶以及缘上回下降,并且在全脑大规模静息态功能网络范围内相关关系增强(正常态r=0.64,催眠态r=0.80).此外,催眠状态下视觉皮层与运动皮层之间的功能连接增强.研究结果表明,视觉皮层和运动皮层在催眠控制呼吸的神经机制中发挥了重要的作用,其神经机制也可能与认知处理和感知处理密切相关.本研究结合了心理学以及脑科学,为催眠研究提供了一个认知脑科学的研究新视觉.     

深度稀疏自编码网络识别飞行员疲劳状态

针对飞行员疲劳状态识别的复杂性和准确性,提出一种基于脑电信号的深度学习模型.首先对飞行员脑电信号进行滤波分解,提取delta波(0.5~4 Hz)、theta波(5~8 Hz)、alpha波(7~14 Hz)、beta波(14~30 Hz),提取基于脑电节律波的频域特征,作为识别模型的输入向量.其次,将一种基于深度稀疏自编码网络–Softmax模型用于飞行员疲劳状态识别,并与单层的稀疏自编码网络–Softmax和传统方法主成分分析(PCA)–Softmax模型识别结果进行比较.最后,实验结果显示,针对飞行员疲劳状态识别问题,所建立的学习模型具有很好的分类识别效果,具有较好的工程推广价值.     

基于基因基础的静息态功能脑网络及分类研究

为了判断基因是否对抑郁症患者的功能脑网络存在影响,以及是否与抑郁症疾病状态之间存在相互效应,本实验选择了GSK-3β基因,利用功能脑网络的特性对其进行统计分析,再根据统计检验方法,构建分类模型.结果表明,SVM和神经网络在特征数目为25-30左右,分类模型的正确率比较高,疾病状态分别达到了77.30%和73.50%,基因型分别达到了77.35%及76.30%.由此可见,基因对静息态功能脑网络存在一定影响,也证明了基因与抑郁症疾病状态之间存在相互效应.     

静息态脑功能网络的社团结构研究

为了探索人脑的工作机制,提出将社团划分算法应用于人脑功能网络。利用功能磁共振(fMRI)采集28名健康被试静息态脑功能数据,构建了基于时间序列的脑功能网络;根据模块度和网络全连接理论对网络中的边数划定阈值范围,利用层次聚类算法和贪心算法对脑网络进行社团划分,实验结果证明两种算法的划分结果基本一致,验证了人脑功能网络具有模块化结构;进而分析了脑网络社团结构在跨阈值范围内的差异化表现,提出了研究脑功能网络的边数有效阈值范围是180至320条边。挖掘脑网络的社团结构有助于研究脑病变机理,以辅助脑疾病的诊断治疗。     

静息态功能脑网络的基因基础以及分类研究

为了判断抑郁症患者组与健康对照组之间是否存在显著的基因型差异及基因型与疾病状态间是否存在显著交互效应,选择GSK-3β(Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3β)基因,通过功能脑网络指标进行统计分析,并利用统计显著性作为特征选择的依据,提取不同数量的节点属性作为分类特征。选择四种不同的分类算法进行分类研究,结果表明SVM和人工神经网络算法构建的分类模型正确率较高,疾病状态分类模型分别达到73.50%和70.87%,基因分类模型分别达到74.35%和76.66%。因此,基因对静息态功能脑网络存在着一定的影响,并且证明了脑网络的相关指标可以作为对基因与抑郁症疾病之间存在交互效应的判断依据。     

基于动态功能连接的运动任务大脑状态表达

针对传统静态功能连接分析技术不能准确反映大脑动态功能状态的问题,提出了一种基于全脑动态功能连接(DFC)分析对大脑的状态变化进行表达的方法。首先,利用个体的弥散张量成像(DTI)数据构建高精确度全脑网络,将运动任务下功能磁共振成像(fMRI)数据映射到相应DTI空间后,提取各节点fMRI信号;然后,采用滑动时间窗口方法计算随时间变化的全脑功能连接强度矩阵,并提取动态功能连接向量(DFCV)样本;最后,将所有个体的DFCV样本通过基于Fisher准则的字典学习(FDDL)算法进行稀疏表达和分类。共得到8个该运动任务下全脑功能连接状态模式,各模式的功能连接强度空间分布具有明显差异,模式1、模式2和模式3占据了大部分样本分布(77.6%),且与平均静态功能连接强度矩阵之间的相似度明显高于其他5个模式。此外,大脑在各模式之间的状态迁移遵循一定的规律。实验结果表明,采用全脑DFC和FDDL学习相结合的方法,能够有效地对任务态下大脑的功能状态变化进行表达,为研究脑动态信息处理机制提供基础。     

八通道经颅刺激脑电调控系统的设计

为提高经颅电刺激治疗的精确性和实现个性化治疗,设计了一种八通道经颅刺激脑电调控系统,在经颅电刺激的前和后监测并分析脑电信号,根据脑电信号状况调整经颅电刺激的参数,评价经颅电刺激治疗的效果;以STM32F407VET6为核心控制器件实现经颅电刺激与脑电信号采集的功能切换,软件上利用C#和MATLAB混合编程实现脑电信号的波形显示、频谱分析以及刺激参数的调整;实验结果表明,系统在输出经颅电刺激前和后成功地采集到脑电信号并进行数字处理;脑电信号眨眼波形与静息态α波形明显,系统可输出直流电刺激和标准方波、标准三角波以及自定义波形的交流电刺激,刺激电流幅值0～2 mA,频率0～1 000 Hz。     

基于偏相关系数的脑功能连接分析

大脑是一个具有高度复杂性的信息处理系统,拥有丰富且复杂的结构与功能,其功能的执行主要依赖于脑功能区之间的相互作用所构成的网络实现。研究采用偏相关系数分析方法,在阈值的设定研究基础上,进一步引入节点度的概念,用于反馈节点之间连接强度的大小。对13例精神分裂症患者和24例正常人在静息态下273个通道的脑磁(MEG)信号进行分析,探索正常组与患者组之间脑功能连接的差异性。研究表明精神病患者在大部分脑区有显著的功能连接,在额叶和颞叶以及脑边缘部分与正常人有显著性差异,推测这些异常连接区域有可能与精神分裂症的病理有关。     

抑郁症复杂脑网络社团结构差异分析及分类研究

为比较抑郁症脑网络结构差异及实现患者自动识别,提出了基于功能脑网络社团结构特征的机器学习方法.利用静息态功能磁共振影像数据构建功能脑网络,利用基于“堆结构”的贪婪算法进行社团划分,从脑网络模块结构的角度分析正常人和抑郁症患者的差异,并将脑网络的模块指标用于机器学习方法.利用统计显著性为阈值以筛选特征,以判断不同特征数目对分类模型的性能影响.实验结果表明,神经网络算法在28个特征下(P＜0.05),分类正确率最高达90.50％.     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.