基于GTST-DMLD的装备RMS综合仿真研究

装备的RMS是装备的重要设计参数,是影响战备完好和全寿命周期费用的关键因素.针对现有RMS仿真方法中存在的问题,以GTST-DMLD作为建模工具,建立起装备功能、装备构成、维修保障系统三者之间关系的描述模型,将其作为装备RMS综合仿真模型的重要组成部分,用于描述部件故障对任务执行的影响和故障部件维修对保障资源的需求.从任务成功的角度出发,构造了基于GTST-DMLD的装备RMS综合仿真模型,制定了仿真流程和仿真算法.以舰船推进系统为例,建立起舰船推进系统的GTST-DMLD描述模型并进行了软件设计,通过仿真试验,得到了反映舰船推进系统RMS设计特性的统计值.GTST-DMLD的引入为构造大型复杂装备的RMS综合仿真系统提供了简单易行的方法,对于RMS指标设计的优化有重要的现实意义.     

基于Petri网的装备系统任务成功概率仿真

通过对装备系统在不同任务剖面下的成功性的评估,可以反映装备保障系统的整体保障效能。由于影响任务成功性的因素较多,关系复杂,目前还没有相应的数学公式进行解析,因此采取系统模拟仿真的方法来实现对装备系统任务成功概率的评估。在建立装备系统的保障模型、任务模型与基于Petri网的仿真模型的基础上,可以进行有效的仿真评估,对装备保障工作具有积极意义。文章首先分别介绍了各模型的构建、仿真模型的运行机理;其次介绍了评估系统的框架及其功能组成;最后提供了在某自行高炮系统数据基础上的仿真实例。     

基于多阶段任务系统的成功率建模与仿真

对装备系统在不同任务剖面下的成功率的评估,可以反映装备保障系统的整体效能.由于影响任务成功率的因素较多,关系复杂,目前还没有相应的数学公式进行解析.针对上述问题,采取仿真统计的方法来实现对装备系统任务成功概率的评估.通过任务成功率定义建立任务成功率仿真模型,应用离散事件仿真、蒙特卡罗抽样、数理统计模型等理论建立了一种基于设备参数和使用规则参数的多阶段任务综合仿真原理模型和任务成功率仿真流程.最后将原理模型应用于某舰艇某次训练任务想定,从而说明模型的有效性和实用性,结果表明对任务成功率的仿真评估可以作为使用和管理部门评估保障系统保障能力的依据.     

基于作战实验的工程装备保障评估方法研究

为满足工程装备保障评估的要求和实现工程装备保障更为细致的仿真分析,提出了利用作战实验理论对工程装备保障评估方法研究的建设构想.在描述工程装备保障评估分析一般过程的基础上,从工程装备实体、保障要求等角度出发构建工程装备保障评估分析仿真模型,实现了对象间的交互作用、关系和消息传递,反映了“保障”作战任务、实体、功能、交互、活动等内在逻辑.用面向服务的高层体系结构（HLA）方法为工程装备保障评估分析仿真系统提供集成方法,为进一步仿真系统的论证、设计、开发提供了坚实基础.     

舰炮装备保障性定量指标评价仿真系统设计

舰炮装备在任务执行期间,战备完好性对维修保障能力具有重要影响.针对舰炮装备定量指标评价复杂且现有评价方法无法体现任务与评价指标之间的动态关系问题,建立了对于任务的战备完好率和使用可用度的仿真统计模型,分析了仿真原理,根据舰炮装备维修和使用的特点,设计了一个基于装备任务参数、系统结构参数和资源参数的定量指标评价仿真系统,给出了实现仿真的程序结构,并结合实例进行了仿真.结果表明,系统设计可行、合理,可为装备在任务阶段的维修保障能力评估和维修保障指挥提供理论依据和方法支持.     

装备保障仿真建模方法的研究

在高科技的现代作战中迫切需要建立装备保障仿真研究系统.该文从尽力提高仿真精度且实际可行的角度出发,采用分级分层、逐步细化的方法建立了作战过程中的装备毁伤模型,采用面向对象的方法建立了装备保障模型.在此基础上,把作战和装备保障结合起来初步建立了装备保障仿真系统.     

装备保障仿真中的任务建模研究

为实现面向装备保障仿真的作战单元任务系统建模,提出了一种基于任务牵引法的作战任务系统建模方法。在分析作战单元任务特点的基础上,构建任务关系模型,实现对任务的结构化描述,然后根据任务管理功能需求补充相关模型,最终得到任务管理成员的仿真模型。为满足保障仿真需求,补充了三个模型：作战单元状态更新模型、任务阶段工作量累计模型和任务成功性判断模型,实现了任务仿真模型管理和任务执行过程控制功能。     

战时装备保障仿真及评估系统建模

现代高技术战争中,装备保障的作用愈加重要.计算机仿真是衡量战时装备保障效能和保障方案合理性最有效的评估手段.该文对战时装备保障的基本过程进行了分析,利用面向对象的方法抽象了战时装备保障的仿真模型.着重对保障机构描述模型、毁伤分析模型、保障指挥模型和保障行动模型进行了研究,并对基于仿真结果的评估模型进行了设计.该文为战时装备保障仿真及评估提供了一种有效的建模思路,是对复杂巨系统进行仿真研究的积极尝试.     

基于规则的装备保障指挥决策模型研究

针对战术级人不在环的装备保障仿真系统对装备指挥决策模型的需求,利用基于规则的方法,设计了装备保障指挥决策规则的数据结构以及推理和决策机制,建立了装备保障仿真指挥决策规则管理系统和基于规则的装备保障指挥决策模型,通过对比战术级装备保障仿真人在环和人不在环两个系统的运行结果,证明了该建模方法能实现指挥机构结构、性能、功能仿真,对提高装备保障仿真系统运行的效率起到了很好的效果。     

基于HLA的海军装备军地一体化保障仿真系统

针对目前国内装备保障仿真研究的不足之处.提出运用计算机仿真对海军装备军地一体化保障问题进行研究.首先对海军装备军地一体化保障系统进行了分析,进而对海军装备军地一体化保障仿真系统的功能特征进行了研究,给出了仿真系统总体结构的设计思想.提出基于HLA技术构建仿真系统的联邦结构,并对仿真系统中的组成结构进行了划分和功能介绍,然后给出了系统支持装备保障仿真的三种运行方式;最后通过实例验证了基于HLA的海军装备军地一体化保障仿真系统支持海军装备军地一体化保障问题研究的可行性.     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.