萃取精馏法从加氢裂解C9芳烃中脱除茚满的模拟与优化（英文）

选择丙三醇为萃取剂,采用ASPEN PLUS化工流程模拟软件对萃取精馏法从加氢裂解C9芳烃中脱除茚满的过程进行模拟计算。考察了理论塔板数、进料位置、萃取剂进料位置、溶剂比及回流比等操作参数对萃取精馏分离效果的影响,并通过正交试验对各操作参数进一步优化。结果表明:当理论塔板数为45、进料位置在第24-26块塔板、萃取剂进料位置为第5块塔板、溶剂比为2.0、回流比为1时,萃取精馏塔顶馏出液中茚满的含量可控制在1%以下。     

以甘油为萃取剂分离环己烷、水和仲丁醇三元共沸物的模拟研究与优化

模拟过程采用萃取精馏法,以甘油为萃取剂,选用UNIFAC物性分析方法,基于Aspen plus对含有高浓度环己烷和仲丁醇的有机废水精馏过程进行了模拟。以达到产品纯度要求为目的,用灵敏度分析对塔板数、回流比、进料位置、萃取剂流量等工艺参数进行优化。模拟优化结果表明:T101理论塔板数为17,进料位置第14块塔板,回流比为2;T102理论塔板数为5,进料位置第3块塔板,回流比为2;T103理论塔板数为20,进料位置2块塔板,回流比为2;T104理论塔板数为12,进料位置10块塔板,回流比为2,萃取剂用量1870kg/h时,分离得到的环己烷浓度≥99wt%,仲丁醇浓度≥99wt%,符合设计规定。     

乙酸乙酯-乙腈萃取精馏的模拟优化

应用化工模拟软件Aspen Plus对乙酸乙酪-乙腈最低共沸物系的连续萃取精馏过程进行了模拟与优化。通过绘制拟二元汽液平衡相图,筛选出合适的萃取剂为二甲基亚砜(DMsO)。确定了双塔连续萃取精馏的工艺流程,并利用灵敏度分析考察了萃取精馏塔的全塔理论板数、原料进料位置、萃取剂进料位置、回流比、溶剂比(萃取剂对原料的体积比)等因素对分离效果的影响。确定的最佳工艺方案为:全塔理论板数为33,原料和萃取剂分别在第26块和第5块理论板进料,回流比为1.5,溶剂比为3。模拟与优化结果为乙酸乙酯.乙腈萃取精馏分离过程的设计和操作提供了依据。     

基于Aspen plus萃取精馏的概念设计及优化

本文利用Aspen Plus软件,以醋酸.水体系为例,概念设计和优化萃取精馏过程.热力学模型选择NRTL活度系数方程和Hayden-O'Connell逸度系数方程,采用Aspen Plus的DSTWU模块,确定萃取精馏塔和溶剂回收塔的初始参数.在初始参数下,利用Aspen Plus的RadFRac模块对2塔精算,并利用Sensitivity模块,分别优化2塔的原料和萃取剂进料位置、回流比、萃取剂对原料的进料比等参数.设计和优化结果为:萃取精馏塔塔板数为30,原料进料板为第8块,萃取剂的进料板为第3块,回流比为3,萃取剂与原料进料比(质量)为1.6;溶剂回收塔塔板数为20,进料板为第7块,回流比为2.此参数下,利用RadFRac模块进行全流程模拟,结果显示,产品冰醋酸的质量分数达0.9975,2塔再沸器总热负荷为6545 kW,生产1t冰醋酸耗费蒸汽(1 MPa)量为4.25 t,与文献报道的普通精馏过程相比,可节约能耗52.23%.概念设计和优化的结果对工业化设计和生产具备指导意义.     

丙酮和正己烷共沸体系萃取精馏的模拟优化

利用化工流程模拟软件Aspen Plus以NMP为萃取剂对丙酮和正己烷共沸物系的双塔连续萃取精馏过程进行了模拟计算与优化。确定最优工艺方案为:萃取精馏塔理论板数32,正己烷与丙酮原料进料位置为第25块理论板,萃取剂进料位置为第4块理论板数,溶剂比1.8,回流比1;溶剂回收塔理论板数为7块,回流比为0.6,进料位置为第4块理论板数。萃取精馏塔塔顶产品正己烷含量达到99.84%,萃取剂回收塔塔顶丙酮含量达到99.88%。模拟和优化结果为分离过程的优化操作和设计提供理论依据。     

萃取精馏法分离甲醇/乙酸乙酯/乙酸甲酯共沸物的研究

由于甲醇/乙酸乙酯和甲醇/乙酸甲酯体系均存在共沸现象,因此对于甲醇/乙酸乙酯/乙酸甲酯三元混合物,采用普通的精馏方法很难将甲醇有效分离。本文采用萃取精馏的方法,首先分别比较了不同萃取剂对甲醇/乙酸乙酯和甲醇/乙酸甲酯体系相对挥发度的影响,并选择较为合适的萃取剂。接着利用流程模拟软件Aspen Plus对萃取精馏过程进行了全流程模拟,并对溶剂比、萃取塔理论塔板数、原料与萃取剂进料位置、萃取剂进料温度等因素对分离效果的影响进行了考察,得出了如下较优的工艺参数:萃取塔理论板数为80块,萃取塔原料进料位置为第19块板,萃取塔萃取剂进料位置为第3块板,萃取塔萃取剂进料温度为40℃,溶剂比为3.0;回收塔理论板数为5块,进料位置为第3块板。通过萃取精馏分离工艺,得到的甲醇产品纯度达到0.999以上,其中的羰基化合物质量含量小于20×10~6,符合国标GB338-2011中优等品的标准。     

萃取精馏法分离正丁醇-异丁醇的模拟和实验研究（英文）

采用连续侧线出料精馏法对原料进行预处理,切取正丁醇-异丁醇富集液。采用色谱法在汽液平衡釜上探索正丁醇-异丁醇在溶剂中的分配效果,选择甘油为最适合的萃取溶剂。运用Aspen Plus模拟软件对正丁醇-异丁醇萃取精馏塔进行过程模拟,考察了蒸馏流率、理论塔板数、原料和溶剂的进料位置、回流比、溶剂比对正丁醇异-丁醇混合物分离效果的影响。通过正交化设计优化和验证实验,得到最佳萃取精馏塔的操作条件,即蒸馏流率D9=17 kg/br,理论塔板数N=49,原料进料位置NF--29,溶剂进料位置NS=8,回流比R=6,溶剂比S:F=11:1。研究结果表明在最佳操作条件下,塔顶异丁醇纯度可以提高到99.80%,得率为89.38%,塔底正丁醇纯度可达到97.53%,得率为99.96%,验证实验结果与模拟结果相对误差小于1%。研究结果为进一步实验研究提供基础参数。     

基于Aspen Plus的聚甲氧基二甲醚精馏过程模拟分析

在装有θ环填料的精馏塔内进行了聚甲氧基二甲醚精馏实验。利用化工流程模拟软件.AspenPlus对聚甲氧基二甲醚精馏过程进行模拟,首先,采用DsTWU简捷蒸馏模型,运用软件中NRTL、WILSON、UNIQUAC,3种物性方法对精馏塔进行了计算,得到了回流比、塔板数和温度等操作参数。接着,采用RadFrac严格精馏模型对精馏塔进行了验证,其计算结果与实验结果吻合良好,满足工艺要求。最后,对精馏塔的操作变量进行了灵敏度分析,讨论了进料位置、进料流率和回流比等参数对精馏分离要求与能耗的影响,并确定了最优化方案,即:进料板为第50块,进料流率为35 mol/h,回流比为6。     

带有热量集成的乙醇-水萃取精馏过程模拟

使用Aspen Plus,首先对乙醇-水萃取精馏过程的7种萃取剂的分离效能进行了模拟比较,结果显示:丙三醇DMSO乙二醇DMF糠醛苯甲醛NMP;接着,以丙三醇为萃取剂,设计了最优的萃取精馏工艺流程,并确定了萃取精馏过程中萃取精馏塔(理论板数:16,回流比:2,原料进料位置:12,萃取剂的进料量:230 kmol/hr和进料位置:4)和溶剂回收塔(理论板数:7,进料位置:3和回流比:3)的最佳工艺条件;最后,本文还利用热量集成的方法对系统的废热进行了回收利用,不但节约能耗3262.72 kW,还顺产1 MPa低压蒸汽127 kmol/hr。本研究为乙醇.水萃取精馏分离工艺的工业化提供了理论依据和设计参数。     

三元共沸体系二恶烷-乙醇-水分离方法的研究

二恶烷、乙醇和水三者互溶,相互之间存在二元共沸及三元共沸,且二恶烷和水常压下沸点接近,普通精馏难以分离。本文选取了合适的萃取剂二甲基亚砜(DMSO),采用萃取精馏从塔顶分离出二恶烷和乙醇,利用加压精馏消除共沸,实现二恶烷和乙醇的分离;萃取精馏塔釜物料经萃取剂回收塔减压精馏从塔釜回收二甲基亚砜,循环至萃取精馏塔中,塔顶分离出水。采用流程模拟软件Aspen Plus对上述流程进行了全流程模拟计算,模拟结果表明:采用上述方法可以实现二恶烷、乙醇和水的分离,分离后二恶烷、乙醇和水的摩尔纯度均达到99%;在此基础上,以萃取精馏塔为例,讨论了理论板数、萃取剂进料位置和进料温度、原料进料位置、溶剂比、回流比对分离效果的影响,完成了全流程工艺参数的优化,利用热集成及双效精馏的方式节省能耗15.8%。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.