点云的形状与曲线重建算法

针对平面无序带噪点云的曲线重建问题,给出了点云形状的定义并提出了构造点云形状的算法.该算法基于Delaunay三角剖分,在构造好点云的Delaunay三角剖分后对三角剖分进行细化,使得在点云中的点周围形成空间上的局部均匀采样;基于集合论中的基本概念定义点云中内点、外点和边界点,并且明确地定义了点云的形状,根据Delaunay三角剖分细化时,选择不同的参数得到不同层次的点云的形状;选择合适的参数得到相应形状后,通过薄化过程得到具有流形结构的曲线.实验结果表明,采用文中算法得到的重建曲线很好地反映了点云的形状,验证了该算法的有效性.     

结构光视觉三维点云逐层三角网格化算法

针对结构光视觉恢复的大规模三维点云的可投影特点,提出一种基于投影网格的底边驱动逐层网格化曲面重建算法。该算法首先将点云投影到一个二维平面上;然后基于点云投影区域建立规则投影网格,并将投影点映射到规则二维投影网格上,建立二维网格点与三维点云间的映射关系;接着对投影网格进行底边驱动的逐层网格化,建立二维三角网格;最后根据二维投影点与三维点的对应关系及二维三角网格拓扑关系获得最终的三维网格曲面。实验结果表明,算法曲面重建速度快,可较好地保持曲面细节特征。     

三维散乱点云快速曲面重建算法

提出了一种基于Delaunay三角剖分的三维散乱点云快速曲面重建算法。算法首先计算点云的Delaunay三角剖分, 从Delaunay四面体提取初始三角网格, 根据Voronoi体元的特征构造优先队列并生成种子三角网格, 然后通过区域生长的方式进行流形提取。实验结果表明, 该算法可以高效、稳定地重构具有复杂拓扑结构、非封闭曲面甚至是非均匀采样的点云数据。与传统的基于Delaunay的方法比较, 该算法仅需要进行一次Delaunay三角剖分, 无须极点的计算, 因此算法的重构速度快。     

一种基于剖分与聚类的三维手势建模方法

针对有些建模方法需要设置复杂参数,或所建模型不够平滑、完整,以及出现多余网格等问题,提出了一种基于Delaunay三角剖分与K-Means聚类的三维手势静态建模方法。首先对点云进行半径滤波,再把点云投影在X0Y平面上,然后进行Delaunay三角剖分,对于剖分得到的三角网格中的长边与短边,使用K-Means算法聚为两类,最后删除含有长边的三角面片,得到完整手势的三维模型。实验结果表明,该方法有利于减少多余的网格面,形成的三维手势模型的网格面也较为平滑、完整。     

针对密集点云的快速曲面重建算法

为了能够快速地从高密度散乱点云生成三角形网格曲面,提出一种针对散乱点云的曲面重建算法.首先通过逐层外扩建立原始点云的近似网格曲面,然后对近似网格曲面进行二次剖分生成最终的精确曲面;为了能够处理噪声点云,在剖分过程中所有网格曲面顶点都通过层次B样条进行了优化.相比于其他曲面重建方法,该算法剖分速度快,且能够保证点云到所生成的三角网格曲面的距离小于预先设定容限.实验结果表明,文中算法能够有效地实现高密度散乱点云的三角剖分,且其剖分速度较已有算法有大幅提高.     

一种基于点云数据的快速曲面重构方法

研究激光扫描中的点云数据重构技术,提出一种基于规则点云数据的快速曲面重构方法。分析相邻扫描线之间数据点的相对位置关系,在三角剖分的基础上,设计改进的扫描线剖分算法,根据激光逐行扫描的特点,对点云数据进行不规则三角网格划分,利用几何关系进行配对构网,并在所建三角模型的基础上实现三角网格的局部优化和纹理映射,得到重建模型。实验结果表明,与传统Delaunay空间三角剖分算法相比,该算法可明显提高三角构网速度和质量,消除空洞,改善重建效果。     

结合Delaunay 三角面分离法与搜索球策略的三维曲面重建算法

基于曲面重建在计算机图形学、三维GIS、逆向工程等领域有重要应用,结合区 域生长法与Delaunay 三角剖分的优势,提出了一种新的散乱点云曲面重建算法。首先根据曲面 中轴性质提出了分离角定义并推导了相关结论,利用局部Delaunay 三角形分离角性质抽取大量 位于模型表面三角形,从而构建种子三角网增加初始区域的生长面积其次运用自适应搜索球法 加快邻域三角形搜索并识别曲面边界。对比传统的基于Delaunay 法和传统区域生长法,该方法 只需要一次三角剖分,无需极点与法向量计算,重建速度快,具有Delaunay 三角网格的优良结 构特性,孔洞数量少,重建出的三维模型几何信息与拓扑关系准确。实验表明,结合Delaunay 三角剖分与区域生长法重构有向的流形三角网格模型,能够提高三维模型的重建效果与速度, 有效地自动识别曲面边界。     

大规模点云数据的球面纹理映射方法

针对点云数据的Delaunay三角网格纹理映射速度慢、映射效果不够细腻及不适合大规模点云数据纹理映射等问题,提出一种基于球面纹理映射的点云数据重建改进方法,并在Qsplat算法的基础上进行实现。采用Qsplat算法对大规模点云数据进行模型重建,利用球面等比约束纹理映射算法建立纹理坐标、球面、点云重建模型三者之间的数学关系,实现大规模点云数据的球面纹理映射。实验结果表明,与传统的三角网格纹理映射相比,该方法可明显提高纹理映射的速度和质量,拓宽球面等比约束纹理映射方法的应用范围,适用于大规模点云数据的纹理映射。     

一个利用法矢的散乱点三角剖分算法

曲面上散乱点的三角剖分在曲面重建中发挥着重要作用,借助于曲面上的法矢信息和三维Delaunay三角剖分算法,该文给出了一种新的散乱点三角剖分算法,输入一组散乱点以及所在曲面S在这些散乱点处的一致定向的法矢信息,该算法将产生一张插值散乱点的三角网格曲面M,并且曲面M可以近似地看成是曲面S的三角剖分,算法的主要步骤分为两步：首先通过曲面S的一致定向的法矢信息,在曲面S的同一侧添加辅助点,利用这些辅助点来剔除Delaunay三角剖分中产生的不需要的三角片;然后将剩余的三角片连接成一张完整的网格曲面,与基于中轴的三角剖分算法相比,该文算法需要更少和更简单的计算,与局部三角剖分算法相比,该文算法可以更有效地避免重建后的曲面产生自交,该文的算法可用于任意拓扑的光滑曲面重建。     

散乱点云的三角划分算法研究

通过对当前的三角网格划分方法进行比较分析,提出了一种散乱点云的3D三角网格划分算法。该算法不需如同二维划分方法那样要对散乱点云对应的自由曲面分片投影,而是直接在3D空间,根据离散点集所对应的曲面形态变化,利用网格扩展、边界环分裂和边界环封闭,逐层收缩生成三角网格。该算法能方便地处理空间多种曲面的散乱点云数据,并且生成的三角网格形态优良,布局合理。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.