一种基于本体语义的信息检索模型

对基于向量空间模型的检索方法进行改进,提出基于本体语义的信息检索模型。将WordNet词典作为参照本体来计算概念之间的语义相似度,依据查询中标引项之间的相似度,对查询向量中的标引项进行权值调整,并参照Word-Net本体对标引项进行同义和上下位扩展,在此基础上定义查询与文档间的相似度。与传统的基于词形的信息检索方法相比,该方法可以提高语义层面上的检索精度。     

基于领域本体的语义查询扩展

在信息检索研究领域,资源与查询词的匹配决定信息检索质量。现有检索方法的检索结果存在过多不相关信息,不能很好满足用户需求。针对传统信息检索存在的问题与当前语义查询扩展方法的特点,本文在分析各种语义查询扩展方法及其相关研究的基础上,提出一种改进的基于领域本体的语义查询扩展方法。该方法论通过本体模型和概念相似度的计算对检索信息进行检索意图树的构建并扩展;然后在资源本体中以最短路径的方式搜索资源。实验结果表明,本文方法相较其他查询扩展方法能得到更好的检索结果。     

基于语义向量表示的查询扩展方法

针对传统查询扩展方法在专业领域中扩展词与原始查询之间缺乏语义关联的问题,提出一种基于语义向量表示的查询扩展方法。首先,构建了一个语义向量表示模型,通过对语料库中词的上下文语义进行学习,得到词的语义向量表示;其次,根据词语义向量表示,计算词之间的语义相似度;然后,选取与查询中词汇的语义最相似的词作为查询的扩展词,扩展原始查询语句;最后,基于提出的查询扩展方法构建了生物医学文档检索系统,针对基于维基百科或WordNet的传统查询扩展方法和BioASQ 2014—2015参加竞赛的系统进行对比实验和显著性差异指标分析。实验结果表明,基于语义向量表示查询扩展的检索方法所得到结果优于传统查询扩展方法的结果,平均准确率至少提高了1个百分点,在与竞赛系统的对比中,系统的效果均有显著性提高。     

基于搜索引擎的词汇语义相似度计算方法

词汇语义相似度的计算在网页浏览和查询推荐等网络相关工作中起着重要的作用.传统的基于分类的方法不能处理持续出现的新词.由于网络数据中隐藏着大量的噪音和冗余,鲁棒性和准确性仍然是一个挑战,因此提出了一种基于搜索引擎的词汇语义相似度计算方法.语义片段和检索结果的页数被用来去除词汇语义相似度计算过程中的噪音和冗余.此外,还提出了一种方法来整合查询结果页数、语义片段和显示的搜索结果的数量,该方法不需要任何先验知识与本体.实验结果显示,所提出的方法在Rubenstein-Goodenough测试集的相关系数为0.851,优于现有的基于网络的词汇语义相似度计算方法,同时在搜索引擎的查询扩展任务中具有较为良好的应用效果.     

改进的基于概念相似度的文本检索

为提高信息检索的查全率和查准率,提出改进的本体语义相似度计算方法,利用本体中概念语义相似度对检索结果文档的分值进行重新计算,过滤掉与原始查询相关度较小的文档。给出定义查询扩展中的迭代参数,减少进行扩展的次数,提高查询效率。利用开源工具Jena, Lucene进行文本语义检索测试,验证该方法的可行性和有效性。     

基于Hadoop的水利元数据语义搜索方法

为了解决水利领域中元数据搜索引擎缺乏语义理解,并且在集中式环境下索引水利元数据效率低下的问题,本文提出一种基于Hadoop的水利元数据语义搜索方法。首先结合本体与查询扩展技术的语义搜索方法,设计水利领域的本体推理规则、语义相似度计算方法、扩展词选择方法和语义相关度排序方法,从而有效地提高搜索结果的查全率与查准率;其次,针对XML形式的水利元数据建立索引的效率低下问题,引入Hadoop平台中的MapReduce并行处理模型,并行化处理解析提取元数据信息与索引建立工作,并修改SequenceFile的文件结构,以应对水利元数据的小文件问题,解决集中式环境下对水利元数据建立索引的性能瓶颈;最后利用Hadoop强大的并行计算能力,设计分布式环境下的语义扩展查询方法,从而提高水利元数据的查询效率。     

基于概念语义相似度计算模型的信息检索研究

以电子商务领域本体为基础,旨在提出一种改进的基于概念语义相似度计算模型,该模型结合基于距离和基于内容两个方面,能够更为全面精确地量化本体中概念结点之间的语义相似度。据此,进行查询关键词集概念扩展和查询与结果文档的相似度计算,最终形成检索算法。实验对比于Lucene检索算法,通过选取热点概念关键词从准确率、召回率、响应速度3个指标来评估检索算法的性能。实验证明,提出的检索算法与基于Lucene的信息检索方法相比,检索性能有较大提高。     

基于领域本体的智能检索模型

在传统检索模型的基础上,结合本体概念,提出一种基于领域本体的检索模型。该模型利用本体中语义概念关系及语义扩展机制对查询关键词进行概念映射及扩展,通过计算文档相似度返回检索结果,提高检索的查准率和查全率。     

基于领域本体和Lucene的语义检索系统研究

语义相似度是影响语义检索系统查准率和查全率的重要因素。设计了一种改进的语义相似度模型,用于量化概念间的关联程度,通过对相似度阈值的控制来调整查询扩展时扩展概念集的范围。在Lucene的基础上设计了一个基于领域本体的语义检索系统,该系统对提交的关键词组进行查询扩展后,将扩展关键词组导入文本检索引擎Lucene中,并把语义相似度作为检索结果排序算法的关键因素。实验结果表明,该语义相似度模型得出的相似度值更加接近专家经验值,系统的查询准确率与未加入查询扩展的Lucene系统相比有较大的提高。     

基于概念图的信息检索的查询扩展模型

针对传统的基于关键词匹配的信息检索存在的查全率和精确率不高的问题,提出一种基于概念图匹配的查询扩展方法：一方面通过知网对用户查询的词或者句子进行扩展后,将用户查询和文档生成概念图;另一方面利用概念图的不完全匹配和语义相似度的计算方法计算概念图的相似度,以提高检索效果。实验结果表明该方法取得了良好的效果。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.