自动组卷数学模型及其算法研究

讨论了自动组卷的约束目标和基本数学模型,提出了一种改进的遗传算法,并将其应用到自动组卷系统中。实验结果表明改进的遗传算法能很好的解决试题库中自动组卷问题,具有较好的实用性。     

基于遗传算法的交规考试自动组卷方法研究

针对交规考试试卷的测量标准、试卷和试题的参数进行了分析,论述了交规考试专用试题库组卷系统的设计思想、总体功能及数学模型和实现方法.自动组卷是计算机辅助教学的一个重要内容,针对交规考试试卷的特殊需要,提出了一种用遗传算法解决自动组卷问题的新方法,运用遗传算法的搜索寻优结合分段随机选取初始群体的技术,对驾驶人交规考试中的自动组卷进行了初步研究,并编制了相应的程序,进行了大量的组卷实验.实验结果表明,该算法能大大提高组卷的成功率和工作效率,从而表明该算法应用于交规自动组卷系统是合理、有效的.     

自动组卷的建模和仿真研究

研究优化自动组卷问题,自动组卷要求快速获得满足用户的组卷,是一个NP难题,传统组卷组算法存在耗时长、效率低等缺陷,组卷成功率低.为了提高组卷成功率,提出一种遗传算法的智能组卷模型.首先按照试卷难度、区分度、考试总分、考试时间和题型要求建立多目标、多约束数学模型,然后采用遗传算法对数学模型进行求解,得到最优组卷方案.仿真结果表明,相对于其它自动组卷算法,改进遗传算法提高了组卷速度和效率,组卷成功率也相应有所提高,获得组卷质量更优,有效地解决优化自动组卷方法问题.     

无纸化考试系统自动组卷策略分析及改进

介绍了自动组卷的数学模型和几种常用的自动组卷策略,探讨了基于传统遗传算法的智能组卷策略,并在此基础上,重点研究了改进的型遗传算法组卷策略.     

一种自动组卷算法的实现

结合遗传算法的原理和思想,对考试自动出题组卷的问题进行了深入的研究,找到了一种获得与考试试题控制指标符合的试题模型的解决方法。     

基于遗传和模拟退火算法的自动组卷系统设计与实现

本文介绍了组卷算法的数学模型和主体思想。我们从算法的合理性、实用性和可操作性上加以分析和设计，用遗传算法和模拟退火算法创建模型，用于解决自动组卷的问题，并且在Delphi平台下实现了自动组卷系统。     

改进的遗传算法在智能组卷系统中的应用研究

试题组卷是考试系统的重要组成部分,而遗传算法是考试系统中最常用的一种算法。本文分析智能组卷问题的目标要求,并建立该问题的数学模型,提出使用基于遗传算法GA(Genetic Algorithm)解决组卷问题的新方法。将该方法运用到Java课程智能组卷系统中,实验证明该算法在组卷中的应用可以有效克服遗传算法中早熟的现象,加快了收敛速度,明显地改善了其全局寻优能力,提高了组卷的成功率,并且保证了组卷的质量。     

基于遗传算法的智能自动组卷问题的研究

高效、科学、强壮的智能组卷算法是实现自动智能组卷的关键技术,也是目前CAI领域的热门研点之一。对智能自动组卷问题及各种组卷算法进行了分析,提出运用遗传算法的全局寻优对智能自动组卷问题进行研究,得到了解决适合要求的试题模型的实用算法,通过采用矩阵知识表示方法,根据实际问题设计得有效的遗传算子,直接在解上进行遗传操作,实验结果表明遗传算法相对于其他算法能取得此采用传统的二进制编码的知识表示方法更好的效果,具有较好的使用性能和实用性。     

在线组卷策略的研究与设计

为了解决在线培训考试系统中多目标约束下的组卷问题,对组卷过程建立了多目标约束的数学模型,采用了基于改进的遗传算法的智能组卷策略,通过模拟生物种群演化来完成对符合约束条件的试题筛选,同时提出了二次组卷分发策略来保证试卷中试题分布的随机性。实验结果表明,改进的遗传算法提高了算法的收敛性和搜索能力,相应的智能组卷策略提高了多目标约束下组卷的质量和效率,生成的试卷能够满足用户的需求,二次组卷分发策略保证了在线考试的公平性。     

基于遗传算法的自动组卷设计

通过分析遗传算法的原理、步骤和运行参数,结合组卷要求提出自动组卷的模型,并根据遗传算法的主要控制参数建立了自动组卷数学模型,用VB程序实现了基于实数编码的遗传算法自动组卷实例。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.