激发-发射矩阵荧光结合二阶校正法测定人体血浆样和牛蒡子药材中的牛蒡苷含量

本文利用激发-发射矩阵荧光与二阶校正算法相结合,实现快速测定人体血浆样和牛蒡子对照药材中的牛蒡苷含量.采用二阶校正方法的平行因子分析(PARAFAC)和交替归一加权残差(ANWE)两种算法进行解析,所得血浆基体干扰下牛蒡苷的回收率分别为(98.7±1.4)%和(99.7±1.6)%,实现了对血浆样中的牛蒡苷含茸的直接快速定量测定.此外,用上述两种方法对牛蒡子药材中的牛蒡苷含量进行快速测定,所得结果与液相色谱方法结果进行比较,结果令人满意.实验结果表明,此方法方便快捷,可用于复杂试样中未知干扰共存下牛蒡苷含量的测定.     

二阶校正法与三维荧光光谱相结合直接测定人体血浆中的水杨酸

水杨酸、萘普生及血浆背景干扰组分,这三者荧光光谱重叠严重,如果不经分离,无法用常规方法定量分析水杨酸.本文利用二阶校正的优势,将三维激发发射荧光光谱与平行因子分析算法和交替三线性分解算法相结合,快速分析测定血浆中的水杨酸.当因子数选为4时,用两种算法获得的回收率分别为(103.8±3.5)%和(98.4±1.4)%.实验结果表明,此方法可用于干扰组分共存下,快速定量测定血浆中的水杨酸,从而可用于研究阿斯匹林的代谢过程.     

三维荧光光谱结合二阶校正算法用于化妆品中芦丁含量的测定

本文利用2种分别基于交替三线性分解算法(ATLD)和自加权交替三线性分解算法(SWATLD)的二阶校正算法与三维荧光光谱相结合,对化妆品中的芦丁进行直接定量分析.当选取组分数为3时,ATLD和SWATLD获得的平均回收率分别为(94.4±2.7)%和(100.2±1.1)%.另外,采用品质因子,如灵敏度(SEN)、选择性(SEL)和检测下限(LOD)评估了这2种算法所得结果的准确性.实验表明这2种算法能成功地用于分析化妆品中芦丁的含量,而且在这个体系中,SWATLD的性能较ATLD稍优.     

双波长比值光谱法测定氯地滴眼液中二组分的含量

建立氯地滴眼液中,氯霉素和地塞米松磷酸钠的双波长比值光谱测定法。用Excel绘制氯霉素和地塞米松磷酸钠的比值光谱,选择比值光谱的峰点(或谷点)和交点作为测定波长对,能有效地消除共存组分的干扰,以实现对被测组分的准确测定。在选定的实验条件下,氯霉素和地塞米松磷酸钠在5.0 mg/L～50.0 mg/L范围内,其线性关系良好,平均回收率分别为100.3%、101.5%,相对标准偏差(RSD)分别为0.71%、0.59%。该方法简便、快速、重现性好,可用于氯地滴眼液的质量控制。     

三维荧光二阶校正法直接快速测定血浆样中川芎嗪和阿魏酸含量

本文将三维荧光光谱与二阶校正方法相结合用于人体血浆样中的中药药理活性成分川芎嗪和阿魏酸含量的直接测定.尽管预测样存在血浆内源荧光物质的基体干扰,但由于该方法基于“数学分离”的思路和具有“二阶优势”,仍能对荧光光谱严重重叠的血浆样中的目标分析物进行直接同时定量测定,为川芎嗪和阿魏酸在体内的代谢监控及其药效研究提供了一种新思路.获得的预测样中川芎嗪和阿魏酸的平均回收率分别为(95.7±2.2)％和(100.8±2.5)％.该方法简单、快速,结果可靠.     

衍生光谱法快速测定复方甲硝唑注射液中氯霉素和甲硝唑的含量

创立了复方甲硝唑注射液中氯霉素和甲硝唑的衍生光谱快速测定法。用计算机Excel绘制氯霉素和甲硝唑的衍生光谱,选择其峰点236.0 nm和交点223.0 nm为测定波长,可排除两组分的互相干扰,直接测定复方甲硝唑注射液中两组分的含量。氯霉素的比耳线性范围为(9.890～32.13)μg/mL,r=0.9995;甲硝唑为(10.09～30.28)μg/mL,r=0.9992。氯霉素和甲硝唑的平均回收率和相对标准偏差分别100.4%,1.3%和100.8%,0.68%。新方法简便、快速、准确,适用于医院制剂复方甲硝唑注射液的质量检测。     

ITTFA-UV分光光度法同时测定3种共存的抗生素

用迭代目标转换因子分析法(ITTFA)辅助分光光度法不经分离同时测定了模拟样品和生化试剂实际样品中四环素、氯霉素和盐酸万古霉素的含量。当测量波长范围为(248~260)nm,波长点数为13,波长间隔为1nm,主因子数为3时计算结果最佳。模拟样中3组分的平均测出率均接近100%,生化试剂实际样品中3组分的加标回收率在96%~105%。与高效液相色谱法相比,本文方法简便快速,无需分离和添加任何分析试剂,只需对试样进行紫外-可见吸收光谱扫描,即可利用ITTFA法消除共存的其他未知组分的干扰,完成对试样中指定的多种抗生素的同时测定。     

荧光二阶校正法用于多环芳烃蒽和菲的直接定量测定

蒽(ANT)和菲(PHE)是多环芳烃环境污染物中的两种,由于光谱重叠,其很难用常规方法直接定量检测。本文采用平行因子分析和自加权交替三线性分解二阶校正法与三维荧光光谱相结合,对蒽(ANT)和菲(PHE)进行直接定量测定。当测量体系的成分数预估计值为3时,两种方法分辨后的回收率分别为(106．3±1．2)％、(102．3±1．8)％和(106．58±1．06)％、(102．26±1．83)％。对在未知干扰存在下,土壤提取液中加入的ANT和PHE含量进行测定,所得结果与加入量基本一致。实验结果表明,此方法可用于未知干扰共存下多环芳烃化合物的同时直接快速定量测定,可用于环境样品中多环芳烃的直接定量测定。     

用多元曲线分辨-交替最小二乘法探究高三尖杉酯碱与DNA的作用机理(英文)

模拟人体的生理环境,用荧光光谱法,紫外可见光谱法,循环伏安法探究了高三尖杉酯碱(HHRT)与DNA的反应。结果表明高三尖杉酯碱与DNA的反应是嵌入反应。普通的化学分析方法不能解析出化学反应中每种物质的纯光谱,本文应用多元曲线分辨-交替最小二乘(MCR-ALS)方法解析了HHRT与DNA的竞争反应所获得的光谱。通过光谱解析,获得了所有组分的纯光谱和浓度分布曲线,结果令人满意。由MCR-ALS计算得到的HHRT与DNA的结合常数和化学计量系数分别为5.2×10~4L/mol和1。     

蚁群算法在多组分导数荧光光谱解析中的应用

对于由结构相似的物质组成的多组分体系,由于各组分的荧光光谱相互重叠,用常规的荧光分析法无法同时测定,但导数荧光光谱法分辨率高,能增强特征光谱精细结构的分辨能力,可用于多组分体系的解析中.介绍了导数荧光光谱测定技术,并对蚁群算法的基本原理、目标函数、条件参数和收敛速度等进行了研究.利用导数荧光光谱法与蚁群算法相结合对苯甲酰脲类农药卡死克和盖虫散混合溶液的荧光光谱进行分析.实验证明,解得的纯谱与单一组分的荧光谱吻合得很好,测得浓度的相对误差在以内,方法回收率在101%～105%之间.     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

基于QTE的蒙古文显示机制研究与实现

蒙古语言是中国蒙古族使用的通用语言,由于蒙古文区别于其他文字的书写方式和其自身变形机制等特点,在很多通用的文字处理引擎中都不被支持。在嵌入式产品开发与应用领域中Linux加QTE已经成为流行方式。该文给出了一种在QTE环境上实现基于标准Unicode的蒙古文点阵显示和变形算法, 并自定义了支持蒙古文的QTE组件,扩展了QTE功能,为在Linux加QTE方式的嵌入式体系结构中处理蒙古文提供了一种解决方法。