基于VoIP的电话终端设备的研究与设计

介绍一种新颖的面向LAN和Intranet的IP网络语音终端设备(即IP Phone)的设计,该IP Phone采用低功耗定点数字信号处理器作为语音编解码嚣,8/16位单片芯片作为控制器.系统外围提供RJ45等多种通信接口,从而使该电话机即可作为桌面PC的语音外设,又可直接作为IP网络的终端设备使用.本文对VoIP技术及相关协议H.323做了简要介绍,并给出一种可行的电话机的硬件设计方案.     

基于H.323的VoIP监测系统的研究与设计

H.323协议簇作为支持VOIP的主要协议之一,在VoIP领域得到广泛的应用。该文在对H.323协议过程进行系统研究的基础上,提出了一个基于H.323的VoIP监测系统的设计方案。系统主要对VoIP呼叫过程中的H.323信令进行截获、分析,获得呼叫的连接信息及通话内容的语音信息。     

IP电话(VoIP)中的安全性问题

介绍了IP电话与传统电话相比的优势，指出了其在安全性方面的先天缺陷，分析了IP电话中的安全需求以及H.323协议、SIP协议两种IP电话标准中的安全性措施。同时指出，SIP协议是一个正在发展中的协议，其安全问题正在逐步得到完善。最后给出了VoIP的发展趋势和今后的研究方向。     

VoIP网络中SIP和H.323协议互通的研究与实现

在SIP网络出现之前,以IP网络为传输系统的H.323网络已得到广泛应用,因此,必须考虑SIP网络和H.323网络的互联问题.通过分析两个协议互通过程中需要解决的地址解析和映射、消息映射、媒体能力协商等问题,并深入研究它们的状态图,然后分别以SIP向H.323终端发起呼叫以及H.323向SIP终端发起呼叫为模型,模拟两协议的互通实现,经实践证明此方案是合理可行的.     

基于H.323和SIP协议架构的IP电话技术比较

现有IP电话技术分为两种不同的设计方法,一种以H.323协议服务架构为基础,另外以SIP协议服务架构为基础.文章以IP电话技术为基础,简述了其原理,结合在IP电话技术中的应用,对H.323协议服务架构和SIP协议架构进行了介绍,并针对其特点进行比较、分析,几个比较这两个协议已经出版,但比较他们的服务架构很少.文章描述并比较H.323和SIP的服务架构,做了基本协议架构解释,其次是服务实现的深度评价机制.虽然这两个协议体系结构非常相似,但它表明,关于他们的补充服务架构上也有相当大的差异.H.323特别关注不同实现间互操作性和顺利与公共交换电话网络PSTN互相配合.在这方面,它对IP电话应用程序有明显的优势.SIP设计了一个更广泛的范围,提供更多通用的语法和语义功能定义和会话描述.得出SIP协议为基础的语音技术在未来更具持续发展性,同时可以预见两者的共同协议,他们之间的配合的重要性.     

基于SIP协议的IP电话技术

现在的IP电话系统大部分还是基于H.323协议族,而H.323沿袭了传统电信网的运行和管理模式,本身较复杂,在应用于IP电话时存在着不可避免的缺陷。会议初始化协议(SIP)是由IETF制订的用于在两个或多个用户之间建立、修改和终止多媒体会话的信令协议。文中主要介绍了基于SIP的IP电话系统协议栈结构、SIP协议的基本内容以及其在IP电话中的具体应用。最后在与H.323协议进行了比较之后,提出了一些现存的问题并且做出了相应的前景展望。     

一种基于SIP协议的VoIP服务质量保证

针对下一代网络中IP电话VoIP服务质量QoS的需求,对目前国内外各种QoS技术进行了分析研究,介绍了基于SIP协议的VoIP网络协议栈结构,提出了一种基于Q-SIP的VoIP网络服务器架构模型,并对其主要的功能模块进行了详细的阐述。     

IP电话—挑战传统

互联网络的迅猛发展正强烈地改变着人们的工作模式和生活方式。即便是在通讯领域,也发生了一场前所未有的“通信革命”。IP电话的出现,直接威胁了国际长途电话的利益,对传统国际长途电话业务提出了挑战,它使徘徊在金钱与时间两难处境中的人们看到了一丝希望的曙光。 什么是IP电话 IP(网际协议)是使全世界的网络都能实现互通的规程。IP电话即为基于网际协议的网络通话和数据通信,IP电话也称为Internet电话。它不仅仅可以在PC之间进行,而且能够在传统的电话之     

网守在IP电话网中的作用

在采用 H.323标准的 IP 电话网络中,主要有4种实体:终端、网关(GW.Gateway)、网守(GK,Gatekeeper)和多点控制单元(MCU.Multipoint ControlUnit)。其中终端是在分组网络上遵循H.323标准进行实时通信的端点设备;网关负责不同网络之间的信令和控制信息的转换以及媒体信息变换和复用;而网守处于高层,提供对端点(终端、网关、多点控制单元统称为端点)和呼叫的管理功能,是 IP 电话网络系统中的重要管理实体。网守主要有:地址解析、拉入控制、带宽管理、区域管理等四项基本功能;此外还能提供呼叫控制信令,呼叫管理等其他功能。要构建一个可靠、实用的 VoIP 网,离不开 GK 的管理。华为最近推出了Quidway A8010 GK,它除实现了 H.323标准中的网守功能外,还提出了 GK 组的方式,实现同一区域内多个 GK 负荷分担和相互备份。GK 的功能应该包括:区域管理:GK 应能适应各种结     

VoIP中为提高语音质量所采用的关键技术

VoIP(Voice over IP)即IP电话,是将话音编码、压缩转换成数据包,在IP网络中进行传输的技术。为应对传统电话公司的竞争,IP电话的语音质量成为决定其未来命运的关键因素。该文首先介绍了几个界定QoS的参数和目前评价IP电话业务语音质量的三种模型：MOS模型、PSQM模型、E模型,然后重点介绍了在终端和网络上提高VoIP语音质量所采用的一些关键技术,应用于终端的技术中比较重要的是语音的编码与压缩、差错控制等,而应用于网络的技术则是解决IP QoS的两种基本模型：综合业务模型和区分业务模型。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.