基于d维多粒子纠缠态的(t,n)门限量子秘密共享

为了突破Hilbert空间2维度的局限性，解决秘密重建过程中部分参与者缺席的问题，使用[d]维多粒子纠缠态，提出了一个[(t,n)]门限量子秘密共享方案。秘密分发者制备[n]个[d]维2粒子纠缠对，将第2个粒子分别分发给[n]个参与者。当秘密分发者选择自己手中[t]个粒子进行联合投影测量时，纠缠交换使得参与者手中的对应[t]个粒子坍塌成一个[t]粒子纠缠态。这[t]个参与者通过QFT变换和Pauli运算将份额加入[t]粒子纠缠态。最终，共享的秘密由这[t]个参与者一起合作恢复。安全性分析表明，该方案能抵抗截获-测量-重发攻击、纠缠-测量攻击、合谋攻击和伪造攻击。     

基于QDP的蝶形量子网络编码方案

当前已有的蝶形量子网络方案多数只能完成量子态经公共信道进行交叉传输,并且为实现蝶形网络的量子态无损传输,通常需要消耗纠缠资源。结合量子直接传态方案中态传输的方法,提出一种在蝶形网络中传输任意已知单量子态的网络编码方案。利用处于基态的单粒子作为量子寄存器,实现每个接收节点均能同时接收到来自全部发送节点发送的不同量子态。整个通信过程不需要使用纠缠资源和测量操作,仅通过各节点执行相关酉操作即可完成通信。并且将该方案扩展至采用多种形式的量子态作为寄存器以及发送节点和接收节点个数更多的情况。     

利用二粒子纠缠态隐形传递未知二粒子量子态

提出了一个利用特殊的二粒子纠缠态作为量子信道来实现任意二粒子未知量子态的隐形传态。对比Yuan等人提出的利用[χ]纠缠态实现的任意未知二量子态的隐形传态方案。该方案利用二粒子信道和Bell基测量,以及特殊的幺正操作顺利完成信息的隐形传态。而且方案中利用了较少的资源,且获得的原始信息的概率为1。     

基于量子理论的多方秘密共享方案的构建

量子的独特性质使它在秘密共享方面有着很大的应用前景,但在现实情况下秘密代理者的数目会根据实际情况的不同而发生变化。本文利用五粒子或六粒子的纠缠量子态构造了五和六秘密代理者数目下的量子多方秘密共享方案,在此基础上将其拓展并构建了在n个秘密代理者情况下的秘密共享方案。这使得秘密共享者在秘密代理者数目发生变化时能够选取合适的量子秘密共享方案。此外,在每种秘密代理者数目情形下都使用基于量子纠缠的量子隐形传态的方式实现秘密共享,进一步增加了方案的可选择性。最后,对提出的量子多方秘密共享方案的安全性进行了分析。     

基于W态的高效量子信息拆分方案

为提高基于W态的量子通信方案的效率,提出了一种新的基于W态的量子信息拆分(QIS)方案。该方案中,秘密分发者通过局域操作将经典信息编码在量子比特上,并在分发的量子比特中随机插入非正交态粒子进行检测窃听,参与者只需进行3粒子投影测量即可恢复秘密。方案使参与者能够利用1个W态直接共享2比特经典信息,并能够抵御截获-测量、截获-重发和纠缠附加粒子攻击,安全性得以保证。该方案效率较高, 理论上其量子比特效率为67%。     

以任意高维纠缠态为量子信道的受控隐形传态

目的是利用高维量子纠缠态为量子信道，讨论未知单粒子态的受控隐形传输问题。以三维量子纠缠态为信道，提出一个二维任意单粒子态的受控隐形传输协议。提出了以任意[d]-维量子纠缠态为量子信道，[t]-维任意单粒子态的隐形传输协议[(t相似文献   

多方分层远程态制备*

提出一个以多粒子纠缠图态为量子信道的任意单量子态的多方分层远程态制备(MHRSP)的新协议。在该方案中,利用前馈测量策略,发送者将一个秘密量子态不对称地分配给两级代理,其中两级代理的人数原则上是可以任意的,并且不同级别的代理具有恢复发送者秘密的不同权限。进一步地,将上述MHRSP协议进行了推广,得到一个多方分层联合远程态制备(MHJRSP)方案。所提出的两个方案不涉及非局域操作,它们是安全而不被窃听的,期望能在现实世界中得到有效的应用。     

两个基于四粒子纠缠态的量子秘密共享方案

本文分别基于四粒子Cluster态和一个非对称的四粒子纠缠态,提出两个量子秘密共享的方案,其中共享的秘密是未知的单粒子态。秘密的发送者需要对手中的粒子进行Bell基测量,协助者需要对手中的粒子进行测量或者实施幺正操作,最后接收者通过对手中的粒子进行相应的幺正变换或者受控非门操作,就可以重构原始秘密。通过分析表明,任何一个代理者在其他两方协助下是可以恢复秘密的,所以我所提出的方案是高效且安全可靠的。     

可验证的(n,n)门限量子秘密共享方案

基于中国剩余定理和Bell态,构造了一种可验证的秘密共享方案。在分发阶段,分发者Alice通过量子信道将秘密份额分发给参与者。在恢复阶段,Alice产生一个2 bit的Bell态,参与者与Alice对该Bell态进行一系列酉变换以重构秘密信息。分析结果表明,该方案能抵抗截获-重发攻击、纠缠-测量攻击、参与者攻击和特洛伊木马攻击。     

基于广播机制的多方量子远程制备协议

量子态远程制备(RSP)是量子信息过程的一个重要分支。为了解决一个发送者向多个接收者同时制备相同量子态的问题,提出了基于广播机制的1对2三方量子态远程制备协议,并将其拓展到1对N多方量子态远程制备中。该协议使用GHZ态作为量子信道,通过构造两组特殊测量基,发送方进行两次多粒子投影测量,接收方根据测量结果进行幺正操作,最终实现1个发送者向多个接收者同时制备相同的粒子态。经分析,协议的这种广播制备模式可以适用于任意多个接收者的情形。     

Multi-party quantum secret sharing with the single-particle quantum state to encode the information

We present a three-party quantum secret sharing (QSS) scheme via the entangled Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger state. In this scheme, the sender Alice encodes her arbitrary secret information by means of preparing a single-particle quantum state. The agent Bob obtains his shared information according to his hobby, while Charlie can easily calculate his shared information. The proposed scheme is secure. It is shown that even a dishonest agent, who may avoid the security checking, cannot obtain any useful information. Moreover, we further investigate the multi-party QSS scheme which allows most agents to predetermine their information.     

任意二粒子纠缠态的受控量子通信

为了解决任意二量子通信问题,首先给出了五粒子和七粒子纠缠态的构造方法,并提供了它们的量子线路图。其次,以该五粒子纠缠态为量子信道,提出一个任意二粒子未知量子态的受控隐形传态协议。该协议在监察者Charlie的控制下,Alice进行四粒子投影测量和经典通信,Bob采用简单酉变换就能以100%的概率成功重构一个任意二粒子纠缠态。最后,利用七粒子纠缠态为量子信道,提出了任意二粒子纠缠态的联合受控远程制备方案。在此方案中,发送者Alice用自己掌握被制备态的部分信息构造测量基,发送者Bob采用前馈测量策略,接收者Diana在监控者Charlie的帮助下,通过简单幺正变换就能确定性地恢复原始态。     

Cluster态的量子签名方案

提出一种利用Cluster state纠缠态实现的量子签名方案。该方案中用Cluster态作为量子信道,每一组量子比特串分别分发给消息拥有和签名者Alice、公证人TA、验签名者Bob。加载消息的方法是Alice在TA规定量子比特串序列下,分别对拥有的量子比特对的第一个量子比特进行幺正变换操作而进行。对拥有的量子比特对进行的Bell测量结果是消息的签名。Bob对拥有的对应的两个量子比特对进行Bell测量来验证签名,但要得到公证人TA对其约束才能完成。Cluster state纠缠态在纠缠特性、局域操作保真性和安全性有较好的性能。     

Bidirectional controlled quantum teleportation and secure direct communication using five-qubit entangled state

A scheme is presented to implement bidirectional controlled quantum teleportation (QT) by using a five-qubit entangled state as a quantum channel, where Alice may transmit an arbitrary single qubit state called qubit A to Bob and at the same time, Bob may also transmit an arbitrary single qubit state called qubit B to Alice via the control of the supervisor Charlie. Based on our channel, we explicitly show how the bidirectional controlled QT protocol works. By using this bidirectional controlled teleportation, espcially, a bidirectional controlled quantum secure direct communication (QSDC) protocol, i.e., the so-called controlled quantum dialogue, is further investigated. Under the situation of insuring the security of the quantum channel, Alice (Bob) encodes a secret message directly on a sequence of qubit states and transmits them to Bob (Alice) supervised by Charlie. Especially, the qubits carrying the secret message do not need to be transmitted in quantum channel. At last, we show this QSDC scheme may be determinate and secure.     

Quantum broadcast scheme and multi-output quantum teleportation via four-qubit cluster state

In this paper, two theoretical schemes of the arbitrary single-qubit states via four-qubit cluster state are proposed. One is three-party quantum broadcast scheme, which realizes the broadcast among three participants. The other is multi-output quantum teleportation. Both allow two distant receivers to simultaneously and deterministically obtain the arbitrary single-qubit states, respectively. Compared with former schemes of an arbitrary single-qubit state, the proposed schemes realize quantum multi-cast communication efficiently, which enables Bob and Charlie to obtain the states simultaneously in the case of just knowing Alice’s measurement results. The proposed schemes play an important role in quantum information, specially in secret sharing and quantum teleportation.     

利用最大真纠缠六方态共享经典秘密信息

纠缠是一种重要的量子信息资源,Bell态、GHZ态等纠缠态被广泛用于量子秘密共享中。Borras等人发现的最大真六方纠缠态在任意的双方割之间具有最大的纠缠值,已经被证明可用于量子隐形传态,并表现良好的性质。通过分析Borras态的结构,利用广义Schmidt分解工具,构造了一个具体的量子秘密共享协议:事先在Alice和4个代理之间共享一个Borras纠缠态,Alice拥有其中2个qubit,代理们分别拥有它的1个qubit,则Alice可在代理间共享2bit经典信息。     

Semi-quantum information splitting using GHZ-type states

By using a generalized Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger (GHZ) state in which is locally unitarily connected with standard GHZ state as a communication channel, semi-quantum key distribution is extended to study semi-quantum information splitting protocols for secret sharing of quantum information. In our scheme, quantum Alice splits arbitrary two, three and N-qubit states with two classical parties, Bob and Charlie, in a way that both parties are sufficient to reconstruct Alice’s original states only under the condition of which she/he obtains the help from another one, but one of them cannot. The presented protocols are helpful for both secure against certain eavesdropping attacks and economical in processing of quantum information.     

Asymmetric bidirectional controlled remote preparation of an arbitrary four-qubit cluster-type state and a single-qubit state

In this paper, we propose a novel scheme for asymmetric bidirectional controlled remote state preparation (ABCRSP) via a ten-qubit entangled state as the quantum channel. In this scheme, two distant parties, Alice and Bob are not only senders but also receivers, and Alice wants to remotely prepare a single-qubit state at Bob’s site; at the same time, Bob wishes to help Alice remotely prepare an arbitrary four-qubit cluster-type entangled state. It is shown that only if the two senders and the controller collaborate with each other, the ABCRSP can be completed successfully. We demonstrate that the total success probability of the ABCRSP in this scheme can reach 1, that is, the scheme is deterministic.