基于张量奇异值分解的动态核磁共振图像重建

本文为了改善动态MR图像重建质量,提出了一种结合张量奇异值分解和全变分稀疏模型(TV)的动态核磁共振图像重建算法。算法对动态MR图像进行了低秩约束规范和稀疏约束规范,分别使用了张量奇异值分解阈值方法和全变分稀疏变化基方法求解。实验结果和重建视觉效果表明,在相同采样率下本文算法与单独使用全变分方法,k-t SLR方法,单独使用张量奇异值分解方法相比重建质量更优,在峰值信噪比(PSNR),均方差(MSE)和结构相似性度量(SSIM)的评价指标上有所提高,对图像去噪去模糊重建有具体的应用价值。     

基于低秩矩阵和字典学习的图像超分辨率重建

基于稀疏表示和字典学习的超分辨率重建算法没有对图像进行分解,直接将整幅图像的信息都进行了学习重建.由低秩矩阵理论知,可将图像分解成低秩部分和稀疏部分.根据图像各部分信息的特征分别用不同的方法进行超分辨率重建,将能更加有效地利用图像的特征.据此提出了一种基于低秩矩阵和字典学习的超分辨率重建方法.该方法首先通过对图像进行低秩分解得到图像的低秩部分和稀疏部分,图像的低秩部分保留了图像的大部分信息.算法只对图像的低秩部分通过字典学习的方法进行超分辨率重建,图像的稀疏部分则不参与学习重建,而是采用双三线性插值的方法进行重建.实验分析表明,图像的重建质量有所提升,同时减少了一定的重建时间,提升了算法的运行速度.与现有算法比较,在视觉效果、峰值信噪比、算法运行速度等方面均获得了更好的结果.     

基于截断核范数低秩分解的自适应字典学习算法

针对过完备字典直接对图像进行稀疏表示不能很好地剔除高频噪声的影响,压缩感知后图像重构质量不高的问题,提出了基于截断核范数低秩分解的自适应字典学习算法。该算法首先利用截断核范数正则化低秩分解模型对图像矩阵低秩分解得到低秩部分和稀疏部分,其中低秩部分保留了图像的主要信息,稀疏部分主要包含高频噪声及部分物体轮廓信息;然后对图像低秩部分进行分块,依据图像块纹理复杂度对图像块进行分类;最后使用K奇异值分解（K-single value decomposition, K-SVD）字典学习算法,针对不同类别训练出多个不同大小的过完备字典。仿真结果表明,本文所提算法能够对图像进行较好的稀疏表示,并在很好地保持图像块特征一致性的同时显著提升图像重构质量。     

基于低秩矩阵二元分解的快速显著性目标检测算法

近年来,基于矩阵低秩表示模型的图像显著性目标检测受到了广泛关注。在传统模型中通常对秩最小化问题进行凸松弛,即引入最小化核范数将原始输入图像分解为低秩矩阵和稀疏矩阵。但是,这种方法在每次迭代中必须执行矩阵奇异值分解（SVD）,计算复杂度较高。为此,本文提出了一种低秩矩阵双因子分解和结构化稀疏矩阵分解联合优化模型,并应用于显著性目标检测。算法不仅利用低秩矩阵双因子分解和交替方向法（ADM）来降低时间开销,而且引入分层稀疏正则化刻画稀疏矩阵中元素之间的空间关系。此外,所提算法能够无缝集成高层先验知识指导矩阵分解过程。实验结果表明,提出模型和算法的检测性能优于当前主流无监督显著性目标检测算法,且具有较低的时间复杂度。     

基于模板校正与低秩分解的纺织品瑕疵检测方法

针对周期性纺织品存在的拉伸变形问题,提出结合模板校正与低秩分解的纺织品瑕疵检测方法.首先对原图像进行模板校正,减少图像拉伸变形对检测结果的影响.然后提出低秩校正分解模型,包含低秩项、稀疏项和校正项,通过交替方向法优化求解,生成低秩矩阵和稀疏矩阵.最后利用最优阈值分割算法,分割由稀疏矩阵产生的显著图,完成瑕疵检测.在标准数据库上的实验表明,文中方法的查全率有所提高.     

基于RPCA视频去噪算法的自适应优化方法

传统去噪算法不能在尽量滤除噪声的同时很好地保持原始图像信息。针对这种情况,提出基于鲁棒主成分分析的自适应视频去噪算法。首先根据视频数据的低秩性和噪声的稀疏性,利用加速近端梯度方法重建出原始视频的低秩部分和稀疏部分,实现噪声的初步分离;其次利用自适应中值滤波器进行预滤波处理,提高块匹配精度,进一步去除视频噪声;最后引入自适应奇异值阈值法,增强图像细节边缘信息,降低迭代优化算法的时间复杂度。实验结果表明,该方法不仅能极大程度地恢复出原始视频序列,还能自适应地去除干扰噪声。不论从客观指标PSNR值还是从主观视觉,该方法与传统去噪方法相比都具有很大的优势。     

基于奇异值分解的压缩感知核磁共振图像重构算法

针对传统压缩感知在核磁共振成像中存在着重构算法慢、成像时间长的缺点,利用核磁共振图像自身非满秩的特点,在压缩感知框架下以奇异值分解作为基底对图像稀疏表示进行了研究,并对重构算法进行了优化。实验结果表明,提出的奇异值方法在重构效果上能达到与小波稀疏变换法相近的峰值性噪比,且能有效缩短图像重构时间,达到加速核磁共振成像的目的。     

牛顿-软阈值迭代鲁棒主成分分析算法

针对鲁棒主成分分析（RPCA）问题，为了降低RPCA算法的时间复杂度，提出了牛顿-软阈值迭代（NSTI）算法。首先，使用低秩矩阵的Frobenius范数与稀疏矩阵的l₁-范数的和来构造NSTI算法的模型；其次，同时使用两种不同的优化方式求解模型的不同部分，即用牛顿法快速计算出低秩矩阵，用软阈值迭代算法快速计算出稀疏矩阵，交替使用这两种方法计算出原数据的低秩矩阵和稀疏矩阵的分解；最后，得到原始数据的低秩特征。在数据规模为5 000×5 000，低秩矩阵的秩为20的情况下，NSTI算法和梯度下降（GD）算法、低秩矩阵拟合（LMaFit）算法相比，时间效率分别提高了24.6%、45.5%。对180帧的视频前景背景进行分离，NSTI耗时3.63 s，时间效率比GD算法、LMaFit算法分别高78.7%、82.1%。图像降噪实验中，NSTI算法耗时0.244 s，所得到的降噪后的图像与原始图像的残差为0.381 3，与GD算法、LMaFit算法相比，时间效率和精确度分别提高了64.3%和45.3%。实验结果证明，NSTI算法能够有效解决RPCA问题并提升RPCA算法的时间效率。     

融合邻域回归和稀疏表示的图像超分辨率重构

对于图像超分辨率重建而言,通常会将图像的整体信息作为研究对象.然而图像本身含有的大量结构信息并没有得到充分利用.为了提高超分辨率重建的效果,实现对不同特征信息的利用,提出了一种融合邻域回归和稀疏表示的图像超分辨率重构算法.依据图像所具有的低秩性对高分辨率图像进行分解,获得高分辨率图像的低秩部分和稀疏部分;将对应的低分辨...     

牛顿-软阈值迭代鲁棒主成分分析算法

针对鲁棒主成分分析（RPCA）问题,为了降低RPCA算法的时间复杂度,提出了牛顿-软阈值迭代（NSTI）算法。首先,使用低秩矩阵的Frobenius范数与稀疏矩阵的l₁-范数的和来构造NSTI算法的模型;其次,同时使用两种不同的优化方式求解模型的不同部分,即用牛顿法快速计算出低秩矩阵,用软阈值迭代算法快速计算出稀疏矩阵,交替使用这两种方法计算出原数据的低秩矩阵和稀疏矩阵的分解;最后,得到原始数据的低秩特征。在数据规模为5 000×5 000,低秩矩阵的秩为20的情况下,NSTI算法和梯度下降（GD）算法、低秩矩阵拟合（LMaFit）算法相比,时间效率分别提高了24.6%、45.5%。对180帧的视频前景背景进行分离,NSTI耗时3.63 s,时间效率比GD算法、LMaFit算法分别高78.7%、82.1%。图像降噪实验中,NSTI算法耗时0.244 s,所得到的降噪后的图像与原始图像的残差为0.381 3,与GD算法、LMaFit算法相比,时间效率和精确度分别提高了64.3%和45.3%。实验结果证明,NSTI算法能够有效解决RPCA问题并提升RPCA算法的时间效率。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.