两性淀粉的合成研究进展

按照取代基与淀粉的结合位点的不同，分类介绍了两性淀粉的合成方法，并就目前常见的几种两性淀粉类型的合成步骤作了详细说明，通过对湿法、干法和半干法3种合成方法的优缺点比较，指出干法、半干法是一种工艺简单、污染小、效率高，从而值得推广的方法。此外，对两性淀粉在未来的发展方向予以展望。     

两性淀粉的合成方法及进展

两性淀粉作为一种重要的变性淀粉新品种,拥有良好的使用性能和广阔的应用前景。作者详述了两性淀粉的制备原理、合成法分类及其在造纸、水处理、化妆品等领域的应用现状和现阶段存在的问题,并对其未来的发展方向进行了展望。     

微波法合成羧甲基型木薯两性淀粉

以木薯淀粉为原料,采用微波辐射技术,用湿法工艺,在95%乙醇水溶液介质中以NaOH为催化剂,与氯乙酸、3-氯-2-羟丙基三甲基氯化铵(CHPTMA)反应一步合成高取代度羧甲基两性淀粉,讨论了微波时间、碱化时间、NaOH用量等对合成反应的影响。结果表明,CHPTMA用量为2 g,氯乙酸用量为3 g,微波时间7 min,碱化时间30 min,NaOH用量为3.05 g时,合成了阳离子取代度为0.31、阴离子取代度为0.34的高取代度两性淀粉。通过IR、DSC等检测证实了两性的存在。     

药片崩解剂羧甲基淀粉的合成

以马铃薯淀粉为原料,采用交联、醚化复合变性方法合成羧甲基淀粉,产品在常温下能快速吸水膨胀而不糊化,适用于药片崩解剂。最佳投料量：淀粉３０ｇ,氯乙酸５．０ｇ,氢氧化钠４．５ｇ,环氧氯丙烷４．８ｍｌ。     

醋酸酯阳离子两性淀粉印染废水处理剂的合成及应用

用低取代度的醋酸酯淀粉与阳离子醚化剂反应而合成了一种新型两性淀粉印染废水处理剂,通过考察醚化反应体系的p H、反应时间、反应温度及醚化剂的用量对阳离子取代度的影响,确定最佳反应条件为:反应体系p H=11,反应温度45℃,反应时间8 h。并测试了不同阳离子取代度的醋酸酯阳离子两性淀粉水处理剂对印染废水色度去除率,确定阴离子取代度0.074 5、阳离子取代度0.013 1的两性淀粉脱色效果最好。     

半干法合成崩解剂羧甲基淀粉

采用半干法合成药片崩解剂羧甲基淀粉（ＣＭＳ）。考察了碱和一氯乙酸用量对ＣＭＳ取代度（ＤＳ）的影响；考察了ＤＳ和Ｈ／Ｎａ（ＣＭＳ中游离羧基和成盐羧基比值）改变对ＣＭＳ吸水溶胀性能和崩解性能的影响，应用红外光谱、Ｘ－射线衍射、扫描电镜等方法探索ＣＭＳ结构与性能的关系。     

羧甲基淀粉的研究

全文阐述了羧甲基淀粉的反应机理及研制过程,对一些工艺条件及工艺参数较为深入的研究。     

药用小麦羧甲基淀粉崩解剂的合成及性能

采用小麦淀粉为原料,以环氧氯丙烷为交联剂、氯乙酸为醚化剂复合变性合成适用于药片崩解剂的羧甲基淀粉,其崩解性能良好。此法生产的产品在常温下即可快速吸水膨胀而不糊化。原料最佳配比:小麦淀粉∶环氧氯丙烷∶氯乙酸∶氢氧化钠=6∶1∶1∶0郾9,反应温度为50℃,反应时间6—8h。     

两性聚丙烯酰胺的合成及应用

主要研究两部分的内容，第一部分两性聚丙烯酰胺的合成，通过曼尼希反应改性阴离子型的聚丙烯酰胺制备了两性的聚丙烯酰胺，并讨论了反应时间，反应温度，反应物的浓度对胺化度的影响。第二部分为将合成的产品应用于不同废水，进行絮凝实验，研究了无机絮凝剂单独使用和同有机絮弹簧剂配合使用的效果。采用测上清液透过率方法，并和改性前的阴离子型，非离子型聚丙烯酰胺对比，结果发现，两性聚丙烯酰胺有很好的絮凝效果。优于同类的其他絮凝剂。     

Clay–starch composites and their application in papermaking

Clay–starch composites with different aggregate sizes and starch to clay ratios were prepared by a simple precipitation method. The aggregates of the composites were used as fillers to improve the paper properties. The experimental results showed that the paper strengths increased more than 100% for starch‐modified clay compared to untreated clay at 20–30% clay loading. The increase in paper strengths of clay–starch composite‐filled handsheets was mainly due to two reasons, i.e., the relatively large aggregate size and the improved internal bonding. The optical properties compared at same mechanical strength were also improved. The water solubility of starch in the clay–starch composite was less than 3% at 50°C for 30 min, and it could be further reduced by adding crosslinker. Bonding sites between composite and fiber were investigated by scanning electron microscope. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 100: 1032–1038, 2006     

Study on adsorption behavior between Cr(VI) and crosslinked amphoteric starch

Crosslinked amphoteric starches (CASs) with quaternary ammonium cationic and carboxymethyl anionic groups were prepared by a hemidry reaction. Their adsorption behavior for Cr(VI) was investigated, and was found to follow the Langmuir isotherm. The adsorption process was found to be dependent on initial pH, concentration of Cr(VI), dose of CAS, and temperature. The adsorption capacity decreased with increasing degree of substitution of anionic groups. The thermodynamic study indicated that the adsorption process was exothermic, and the enthalpy changes (ΔH^θ), the entropy changes (ΔS^θ), and free energy changes (ΔG^θ) for CASs were determined. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 89: 263–267, 2003     

星形聚丙烯酰胺接枝淀粉的合成及应用

介绍了应用水溶液聚合方法合成了星形聚丙烯酰胺（SPAM）的方法。采用正交实验方法研究了不同的引发剂用量、相对分子质量调节剂用量、聚合体系温度对SPAM特性黏数的影响,从中优化出最佳反应条件为单体质量分数为15%,聚合温度为35 ℃,引发剂质量分数为（相对单体质量,下同）0.04%,螯合剂为0.005%,抗交联剂为0.015%,聚合体系pH值为5,得到的星形聚丙烯酰胺特性黏数为989.2 mL/g。星形聚丙烯酰胺在35℃进行氯胺化反应并加到糊化好的淀粉溶液中,在40～50 ℃下反应40 min,即得到星形聚丙烯酰胺接枝淀粉絮凝剂。结果说明,星形聚丙烯酰胺接枝淀粉絮凝剂溶解性好、絮凝能力强,具有良好的絮凝效果。     

蓖麻油改性两性聚氨酯复鞣剂的制备及应用

以异氟尔酮二异氰酸酯和聚四氢呋喃二醚醇为原料、2,2-二羟甲基丙酸为阴离子扩链剂、N-甲基二乙醇胺为阳离子扩链剂,制备了两性聚氨酯乳液,接着使用蓖麻油改性两性聚氨酯得到产物(COWPU).通过FTIR对其进行了表征,采用纳米粒度及zeta电位仪对COWPU乳液的粒径及等电点进行了测试,采用TG对COWPU膜进行了热性能...     

Effect of amphoteric grafting branch on the adhesion of starch to textile fibers

Starch-g-poly(2-methacryloyloxyethyl trimethyl ammonium chloride-co-acrylic acid) (starch-g-P(DMC/AA)) with different zeta potentials was prepared via the graft copolymerization of acid-thinned cornstarch (ATS) with 2-methacryloyloxyethyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (DMC) and acrylic acid (AA) in aqueous medium using Fe²⁺–H₂O₂ initiator. The investigation was carried out to reveal the influence of amphoteric branches grafted onto starch chains upon the adhesion of starch to textile fibers. Zeta potential of starch-g-P(DMC/AA) was adjusted by altering the mole ratio of DMC to AA charged into the copolymerization system. The adhesion was evaluated in terms of bonding strength and specific bonding strength of slightly sized roving based on a legal method (FZ/T 15001-2008) through the comparison of the amphoteric branch-grafted starch with ATS, starch-g-PAA, and starch-g-PDMC for warp sizing. It was found that the charged branches grafted onto starch chains were able to significantly enhance the adhesion. Zeta potential, depending on the mole ratio of DMC to AA units in the grafting branches, showed evident effect on the adhesion and desizability of the grafted starch. Increase in the potential favored to improve the adhesion, but disfavored the removal of the starch from sized warps. Alkali-oxidant agent desizing test confirmed that the starch-g-P(DMC/AA) with neutral potential was desizable. The amphoteric branch-grafted starch exhibited potential application as size base materials in warp sizing operation if its zeta potential was neutral.     

两性絮凝剂P(AM-co-IA-co-DAC-co-DMC)的合成及絮凝性能

两性聚丙烯酰胺处理污水用量少,毒性低,pH适用范围广,绿色环保。采用水分散聚合方法合成了两性聚丙烯酰胺P(AM-co-IA-co-DAC-co-DMC),以1%的高岭土悬浮液模拟废水,考察絮凝剂用量、特性粘数、体系pH值、温度以及阴阳离子单体配比对絮凝效果的影响。结果表明,当阳、阴离子单体摩尔比为3∶1,特性粘数为3.16 dL/g,用量为3 mg/L时,絮凝效果好,常温下透过率达到98.7%。两性聚丙烯酰胺分子链上的正、负两种电荷基团同时发挥电中和作用和架桥作用,絮凝效果受pH变化的影响较小,明显优于阳、阴离子型聚丙烯酰胺。