The impact of context on display ad effectiveness: Automatic attitude activation and applicability

Display and search ads are the most popular Internet ad formats. Instead of being placed on search engine result pages, display ads are placed on webpages that include more actual content. In order to improve online contextual advertising, the effects of webpage content on embedded display ads must be understood. This study investigates how viewers’ attitudes toward content and the applicability of that content to the adjacent display ads impact the effectiveness of those ads. The moderating effects of viewers’ attention and need for cognition are also examined. The experimental results show that webpage content automatically activates ad evaluations, and that this effect increases when viewers pay less attention to the ad or have a high need for cognition. If the webpage content is highly applicable to the ad, improvements are seen in the attitude toward the ad and the attitude toward the brand.     

Web页面信息的视觉搜索行为特征的研究

网页是非常重要的人机界面,网页信息如何有效、合理地布局以引导人们的视觉行为,进而提高视觉搜索效率是网页设计者重点考虑的问题。从认知科学角度研究人们在Web页面上进行设计视觉信息搜索时的视觉行为特性,同时探讨浮动广告对于视觉搜索行为的影响。实验结果显示:无论是否有浮动广告,Web页面周边区域的注视时间和注视次数都显著大于中心区域。实验结果表明,Web页面视觉性搜索信息时,更多地注视周边区域,呈现视觉搜索的周边特性;而浮动广告对于视觉搜索行为没有显著影响。实验结果说明:(1)从视觉搜索角度来看,对于具有超级链接性质的标题信息,放置在周边区域比在中心区域更有利于人们的视觉搜索行为;(2)浮动广告的广告效应不明显。     

Retain viewer’s attention on banner ad by manipulating information type of the content

The influence of phenomenon like Banner blindness and Habituation has weakened researchers’ efforts to highlight the effect of adding salient visual features to ads. On the other hand, many studies discussed advertising attention on the basis of individual pages, neglecting the fact that most ads reside on one of a sequence of webpages that a viewer continuously reads. Therefore, our study discussed advertising attention from a different perspective, switching focus to the information type and their influence on attention in a sequence of webpages. This study, extended from our previous study, in which we found user attention to advertisement to drop sharply beyond the initial page, planned to investigate if it is possible to dishabituate users and enhance viewer‘s attention on banner ads by manipulating the information type of a sequence of content. We found that viewer’s attention on ads can be prolonged on subsequent pages with a rudimentary stimulus variation to content order and without changing any visual design feature of the ad itself, which is prone to the crippling effects of banner blindness and habituation, and that the image-based content inserted between pages of text-based content plays an important role in raising overall attention to advertisement.     

The effect of repetition in Internet banner ads and the moderating role of animation

Many advertising repetition studies have demonstrated wear-out effects, and found several moderating variables. In the context of Internet banner ads, this study examines the effects of repetition on attention, memory, and attitude, and identifies the moderating role of animation. By analyzing data on users’ actual visual attention, we found attention wear-out occurs with static but not with animated banner ads, which consequently influences the downstream effects: Compared to a static banner ad, an animated ad barely attracts consumers’ attention initially, resulting in worse memory performance and attitude in the beginning. However, with repeated brief exposures, animated banner ads eventually catch up with the static ads on memory and generate even better performance in terms of attitude. To summarize, animations signal the users the existence of ads and lead to ad avoidance behavior, but after repetitive exposures they induce positive user attitude through the mere exposure effect. Both the theoretical and practical implications are explored for using animation on the banner ads.     

AdOn: toward contextual overlay in-video advertising

This paper presents a contextual video advertising system, called AdOn, which supports intelligent overlay in-video advertising. Unlike most current ad-networks such as Youtube that overlay the ads at fixed locations in the videos (e.g., on the bottom fifth of videos 15 s in), AdOn is able to automatically detect a set of spatio-temporal non-intrusive locations and associate the contextually relevant ads with these locations. The overlay ad locations are obtained on the basis of video structuring, face and text detection, as well as visual saliency analysis, so that the intrusiveness to the users can be minimized. The ads are selected according to content-based multimodal relevance so that the relevance can be maximized. AdOn represents one of the first attempts towards contextual overlay video advertising by leveraging information retrieval and multimedia content analysis techniques. The experiments conducted on a video database with more than 100 video programs and 7,000 ad products indicated that AdOn is superior to existing advertising approaches in terms of ad relevance and user experience.     

The Long‐Term Effects of E‐Advertising: The Influence of Internet Pop‐ups Viewed at a Low Level of Attention in Implicit Memory

Faced with an abundance of advertising messages, Internet users allocate only minimal cognitive resources to advertising. What are the effects of pop‐up ads for a new brand viewed at low‐level attention, and then measured when the Internet users have forgotten having seen them? In the theoretical context of processing fluency and implicit memory, the experiment (n = 398) studied the effects of repeated brief exposure to different types of content (words/image) in pop‐up ads 7 days and 3 months after exposure. The results show the overall positive effects of the pop‐ups, the superiority of the image over words for effects on attitude toward the brand and the purchase intentions; but the words produce more semantic effects than the image.     

Predicting user click behaviour in search engine advertisements

According to the specific requirements and interests of users, search engines select and display advertisements that match user needs and have higher probability of attracting users’ attention based on their previous search history. New objects such as user, advertisement or query cause a deterioration of precision in targeted advertising due to their lack of history. This article surveys this challenge. In the case of new objects, we first extract similar observed objects to the new object and then we use their history as the history of new object. Similarity between objects is measured based on correlation, which is a relation between user and advertisement when the advertisement is displayed to the user. This method is used for all objects, so it has helped us to accurately select relevant advertisements for users’ queries. In our proposed model, we assume that similar users behave in a similar manner. We find that users with few queries are similar to new users. We will show that correlation between users and advertisements’ keywords is high. Thus, users who pay attention to advertisements’ keywords, click similar advertisements. In addition, users who pay attention to specific brand names might have similar behaviours too.     

GameSense: game-like in-image advertising

Considering the continuously increasing availability and accessibility of multimedia contents via social networking sites, our research addresses how to monetize the social multimedia contents with an efficient advertising approach. This paper presents a novel game-like advertising system called GameSense, which is driven by the compelling contents of online images. The contextually relevant ads (i.e., product logos) are embedded at appropriate positions within the online games, which are created on the basis of online images. The ads are selected based on multimodal relevance, i.e. text relevance, user relevance and visual content similarity. The game is able to provide viewers rich experience and thus promotes the embedded ads to provide more effective advertising. GameSense represents one of the first attempts toward effective online mashup applications which connect a photo-sharing site with an advertising agency. The effectiveness of GameSense is evaluated over a large-scale real world image set.     

The Impact of Advertising Location and User Task on the Emergence of Banner Ad Blindness: An Eye-Tracking Study

The purpose of this study is to explore the emergence of ad banner blindness in the viewing of e-commerce home pages. Building on the literature on inattention blindness and banner blindness, this article assessed the gaze path of users in goal-directed and free-viewing tasks when viewing pages with advertising banners on the right side of the page and on the top of the page above the main navigation menu. The hypotheses are tested using an analysis of variance. Using an eye-tracking methodology, the results identify significant differences in visual attention for banner ad location and for task type. Banner blindness is strongest for advertising banners on the right side of the page and for goal-directed tasks. Neither participants’ ratings of page visual appeal or of page familiarity could explain the findings. The study contributes to the existing literature by resolving some of the cognitive factors that lead to banner blindness and supplementing previous research that focused on relevant perceptual factors.     

Prediction of members’ return visit rates using a time factor

The profit of portal companies in Taiwan is generated by online advertising and e-commerce. Effective advertising requires predicting how users respond to advertisements and then targeting (presenting advertisements) the users in ways that reflect their preferences. The behavioral targeting leverages historical users’ behaviors in order to select for display the ads which are most related to the users’ preferences. Although we may not want to provide advertisements that repeat the same concept, we can exploit predicted return visit rates for the registered members at the specific category of a portal site. However, customers’ preferences change over time. In order to capture the ‘concept drift’, we propose a novel and simple time function to increase/decrease the weight of the old data in evaluating various members’ past behaviors. Then, we construct a member’s Click Preference Index with a Time factor (CPIT) model in order to effectively distinguish the different kinds of member behaviors and predict return visit rates. The marketers of a portal site can thus target the members with high return visit rates and design corresponding marketing strategies. Experimental results with a real dataset have demonstrated that this CPIT model can be practically implemented and provide satisfactory results.     

Privacy in targeted advertising on mobile devices: a survey

Targeted advertising has transformed the marketing landscape for a wide variety of businesses, by creating new opportunities for advertisers to reach prospective customers by delivering personalised ads, using an infrastructure of a number of intermediary entities and technologies. The advertising and analytics companies collect, aggregate, process, and trade a vast amount of users’ personal data, which has prompted serious privacy concerns among both individuals and organisations. This article presents a comprehensive survey of the privacy risks and proposed solutions for targeted advertising in a mobile environment. We outline details of the information flow between the advertising platform and ad/analytics networks, the profiling process, the measurement analysis of targeted advertising based on user’s interests and profiling context, and the ads delivery process, for both in-app and in-browser targeted ads; we also include an overview of data sharing and tracking technologies. We discuss challenges in preserving the mobile user’s privacy that include threats related to private information extraction and exchange among various advertising entities, privacy threats from third-party tracking, re-identification of private information and associated privacy risks. Subsequently, we present various techniques for preserving user privacy and a comprehensive analysis of the proposals based on such techniques; we compare the proposals based on the underlying architectures, privacy mechanisms, and deployment scenarios. Finally, we discuss the potential research challenges and open research issues.

     

初探平面广告中的视觉流程设置

本文从平面广告中视觉流程设置的规律及方法来探讨视觉流程设置对平面广告的效果及影响,从而能更好的把握平面广告设计。     

手机广告推荐中的用户兴趣建模研究*

为了增强基于WAP网页的手机广告推荐中用户建模的准确性,并对"非邀"式广告推荐中脱离用户兴趣试探性推荐进行修正,针对手机广告推荐中手机屏幕小、用户注意力集中等特点,根据用户对广告的访问历史和操作模式建立其广告兴趣模型和非兴趣模型,同时分析用户网页访问模式探测其网页兴趣度,在此基础上建立用户综合兴趣模型。分别采用基于网页兴趣模型、基于广告兴趣模型和基于用户综合兴趣模型进行广告推荐,随着样本空间增大,综合兴趣模型的查准率明显优于另两者。实验验证了用户综合兴趣模型在手机广告推荐中的有效性和优越性。     

Attention to eSports advertisement: effects of ad animation and in-game dynamics on viewers’ visual attention

ABSTRACT

ESports refers to professional video gaming that is typically broadcasted with a live commentary on TV or the Internet. Despite the rapid growth of eSports industry and its potential for a valuable advertising platform, there has not been much discussion about effective advertising strategies for the placement of virtual ads in eSports. Based on previous research, one advertisement factor (i.e. ad animation) and one in-game factor (i.e. in-game dynamics) are identified and tested in an experiment (N?=?116) with a 2 (ad animation: static vs. animated ads)?×?2 (in-game dynamics: battle vs. non-battle scenes) mixed design. The results show that both ad animation and in-game dynamics have a significant impact on viewers’ visual attention, in terms of fixation count and duration measured by an eye-tracking device. The results also show a significant interaction in which the impact of ad animation on fixation duration is more magnified when in-game play is less busy (i.e. non-battle scenes), compared to when it is busy (i.e. battle scenes). Theoretical implications based on the limited-capacity model, as well as practical implications for practitioners are discussed.     

POP广告的版式规划与布局研究——以平面POP广告设计为例

本文试从样式、视觉度、图版率、文字与照片的跳跃率和字体印象等方面,结合实际案例,针对POP广告中的文字与图形、图形(文字)与底之间的相互关系逐一分析,进而对POP广告的整体版式规划设计进行了初步的探讨。本文旨在以视觉设计研究理论作指导,引导POP广告设计工作者以科学的、理性的态度,高效地完成POP设计任务,并将广告信息有效地传达给消费者,从而达成消费者购买行为;理论指导实践,为POP广告设计提供一种更为有效的途径。     

基于数据挖掘的移动广告个性化推荐研究

移动互联网目前已经成为当今最具潜力的市场之一,与此同时,移动广告作为一种新兴的网络营销模式也得以迅速发展起来。诸多企业已经把目标投放在移动广告市场这一领域。当前,移动广告主要利用传统的广告定位策略,通过应用程序展示触发客户需求并以此来进行传播,从而导致移动用户被动地接受一些并不感兴趣的广告内容,严重干扰了用户的正常使用,甚至会泄露用户的个人隐私。文中从分析用户个人的行为和如何定位用户的实时位置出发,研究基于移动互联网下广告个性化推荐策略,提出研究模型,开发基于用户位置和兴趣的实时广告推荐服务系统。     

A cross-industry analysis of the spillover effect in paid search advertising

For the management of paid search advertising campaigns, metrics collected at keyword-level are often used in practice whereas the users’ search process is of secondary importance and thus wholly or partially neglected. In contrast to brand-related keywords (“T-mobile contract”), general keywords, often referred to as generic (“mobile phone contract”), seem at first glance to be economically unattractive. Extending the approach of Rutz and Bucklin, Journal of Marketing Research, 48(1):87–102 (2011), we investigate the role of generic search activities in paid search advertising across industries using dynamic linear models (DLM). The so-called spillover effect, i. e. the increase in brand-related awareness effected by displaying ads for generic keywords, is investigated by both analyzing individual consumer behavior on the basis of keyword-level data and linking findings on keyword- with findings on individual user-level data. We show that the spillover effect varies across industries and that its consideration, for example for the mobile phone provider investigated here, decreases KPIs such as the cost per order up to 42 %.     

基于网页查询结果的广告查询扩展研究

在计算广告学中,为用户查询返回相关的广告一直是研究的热点。然而用户的查询一般比较简短,广告的表示也局限在简短的创意和一些竞价词上,返回符合用户查询意图的广告十分困难。为了解决这个问题,该文提出利用多特征融合的方法进行广告查询扩展,先将查询输入到搜索引擎中,获得Top-k网页查询结果,将它们作为获取扩展词的外部资源,由于采用一般的特征选取方法获取扩展词采用的特征比较单一,缺乏语义信息,容易产生主题漂移现象,该文通过计算扩展词和查询词在网页查询结果中的共现度,并融合传统的TF特征和词性信息,获得与原始查询语义相关的扩展词。在真实的广告语料上的实验结果显示,基于多特征融合的选择广告扩展词的方法能有效地提高返回广告的相关性。     

Persuasive Electronic Word-of-Mouth Messages in Social Media

Despite the influence of electronic word-of-mouth (eWOM) messages in decision-making processes, few studies have tested the determinants of persuasive eWOM messages among social media users. Although most of the researches focused on western and eastern cultural convergence or divergence of online communications, little attention has been paid on the validity and applicability of cultural orientations in countries with perceived inherent similar values. This study examines how Chinese and Malaysian users process eWOM messages and decide on continuing their overseas study. The significance of the study is to identify critical factors that influence Chinese and Malaysian users’ attitudes and behavior when processing persuasive eWOM messages. Results revealed that Facebook is the most used social networking site (SNS) for Malaysian users, while QQ Qzone for Chinese counterparts. This study found that argument quality, source credibility, source attractiveness, source perception, and source style exerted varying influences on Chinese and Malaysian users’ attitudes and intentions to continue their study abroad.     

基于眼动技术的互联网广告效果研究*

目前,网络广告效果研究中评定广告质量的指标不够准确,广告配置科学性有待提高。因此,本文首次提出观测度的概念,将它作为衡量广告质量的新标准,并结合多种信息源对广告记忆度、兴趣度进行建模。实验结果表明,相比普遍使用显示反馈和广告自身特征,融合眼动特征来预测广告的观测程度准确性有所提高。此外,对搜索引擎结果页上位置不同,相关性不同的广告效果进行了定量分析。实验结果表明,用户的注意力受位置影响显著。广告的相关性在主体上方对注视次数影响显著,而下方和右侧表现不显著。所以可以考虑在主体下方、右侧进行与搜索内容无关商品的推广。